TiAlSiN多元PVD涂层的研究

采用PVD方法在硬质合金基体上制备了不同成分与结构的TiAlN涂层和TiAlSiN涂层。研究了涂层的组织结构和物理性能,分析了Si元素掺杂在TiAlN基涂层中的作用机理及其对涂层性能的影响,并通过切削实验对涂层刀具的使用性能进行了验证。结果表明:在TiAlN基涂层中添加了Si元素获得了明显区别于TiAlN涂层的组织结构,Si元素以Si3N4非晶相形式包覆在TiAlN晶界,一方面起到了细化涂层晶粒尺寸提高涂层硬度的效果,另一方面还可以提高涂层的热稳定性能。切削实验表明,含Si元素的TiAlSiN涂层在许多应用条件下也表现出较TiAlN涂层更优异的使用性能。     

模拟流动海水条件下无溶剂环氧防腐涂层的失效行为

在60 ℃实验条件下以3种无溶剂环氧防腐涂层为研究对象,利用称重法研究了在不同流速3.5%NaCl溶液中水在涂层中的扩散行为,采用开路电位法 (OCP) 和电化学阻抗谱技术 (EIS) 研究了不同流速下涂层的失效行为。结果表明,胺类固化粉末涂层和酚醛固化粉末涂层在实验流速范围内、酚醛胺固化液体涂层在较低流速范围内,水在涂层中的扩散符合Fick II模型,而酚醛胺固化液体涂层在4 m/s高流速下水在涂层中的扩散偏离Fick II模型;随着流体流速增加,涂层的饱和吸水量增加,水在涂层中的扩散系数变大;实验流速范围内3种无溶剂涂层失效过程分为3个阶段;流体流速明显加速了酚醛固化粉末涂层和酚醛胺固化液体涂层的劣化,对胺类固化粉末涂层失效影响不明显。     

聚脲涂层体系在混凝土表面的附着性能研究

应用无溶剂环氧封闭涂料和聚脲涂料在混凝土试样表面制备聚脲涂层体系,测试了该涂层体系在混凝土表面的附着强度,利用表面形貌分析及红外光谱和电子能谱等技术手段,分析混凝土与聚脲涂层界面特性,探讨聚脲涂层在混凝土表面附着失效的机理。结果表明,聚脲涂层与混凝土的附着失效为涂层与混凝土之间的物理附着破坏;而无溶剂环氧封闭涂层+聚脲涂层体系的失效为封闭涂层与混凝土之间的物理附着破坏和封闭涂层本身的内聚破坏;封闭涂层的应用可提高混凝土表面的强度,无溶剂环氧封闭涂层和聚脲涂层之间可以形成互穿网络结构。     

MoSi2涂层残余应力和结合强度的有限元分析

目的研究残余应力对MoSi_2涂层结合强度的影响。方法基于粉末包渗法(PC)制备的MoSi_2涂层在退火前后的微观形貌和相组成,建立有限元分析模型,计算MoSi_2涂层在退火前后的残余应力。根据涂层法向和切向残余应力随涂层厚度的变化,并结合涂层在退火前后结合强度随涂层厚度的变化规律,研究残余应力对涂层结合强度的影响。结果有限元模拟结果表明,MoSi_2涂层的法向残余应力随涂层厚度的增加而减小。涂层的切向残余应力在涂层界面边缘处形成应力集中,并且最大切向残余应力随涂层厚度的增加而增大,与涂层结合强度的变化趋势相吻合。此外,退火后,MoSi_2涂层的法向残余应力几乎没有变化,但是最大切向残余应力下降了10%左右,结合强度提高了20%左右。结论粉末包渗法(PC)制备的Mo Si_2涂层的结合强度受切向残余应力的影响,涂层切向残余应力增大,导致涂层结合强度降低。退火处理能够起到有效改善涂层界面切向残余应力集中的作用,对于提高涂层结合强度有明显的效果。     

A2Zr2O7型稀土锆酸盐热障涂层研究进展

综述了国内外稀土锆酸盐热障涂层在制备技术,纳米涂层,涂层结构及涂层的热物理性能、力学性能及热腐蚀性能等方面的研究成果,讨论了稀土锆酸盐热障涂层在每个方面研究存在的不足。指出未来应该进一步改善稀土锆酸盐涂层的制备工艺及后处理工艺,提高涂层的结合强度,延长涂层的服役寿命,改善涂层耐腐蚀、抗烧结等性能;开发新的涂层制备工艺,重点研究各类纳米稀土锆酸盐涂层的性能;进一步提高涂层的隔热效果、服役温度及工作寿命。     

温度和厚度对纳米金刚石涂层残余应力的影响

目的通过改善液相等离子喷涂制备纳米金刚石涂层的工艺参数,提高纳米金刚石涂层的显微硬度与结合强度。方法利用Ansys有限元软件对纳米金刚石涂层中的残余应力进行数值模拟。建立纳米金刚石涂层的有限元分析模型与热传导方程,探讨了涂层的厚度与降温速度对纳米金刚石涂层残余应力的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜对制备的纳米金刚石涂层表面进行分析,并且利用显微硬度计和表面划痕仪测定纳米金刚石涂层的显微硬度和结合强度。结果纳米金刚石涂层的主应力为拉应力,涂层的最大主应力随着厚度的增大而具有先增大、后减小、再增加的特点。随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层的最大剪应力由涂层表面转移到涂层界面,其值先减少,后保持稳定。涂层整体、涂层界面和涂层表面的最大主应力与最大剪应力,随涂层温度的升高而呈线性递减的趋势。纳米金刚石涂层的主应力集中在涂层的四周,而涂层的剪应力分布在涂层表面。纳米金刚石涂层表面较光滑,由大量纳米级的细小扁平颗粒紧密排布而形成。结论采用适当的工艺参数制备出厚度为0.1 mm的纳米金刚石涂层,其显微硬度和结合强度分别约为150HV和9 N。     

实海浸泡条件下聚氨酯涂层的失效行为

目的 在青岛市小麦岛试验站开展实海浸泡试验,探究聚氨酯涂层在实际服役过程中的失效行为。 方法 选用TS55?80聚氨酯涂层/Q235碳钢体系为试验样品,开展实海浸泡试验。从聚氨酯涂层的表面形貌、失光率、色差、涂层附着力、化学结构及涂层热稳定性等角度对聚氨酯涂层的失效行为进行研究。结果 在实海浸泡条件下,聚氨酯涂层表面会出现明显的鼓泡和裂纹等缺陷,在浸泡6个月后的涂层表面可以观察到明显的腐蚀产物。随着浸泡时间的延长,涂层的化学结构发生了明显变化,涂层的热稳定性显著降低。在浸泡12个月后,聚氨酯涂层的失光率为69.9%,属于严重失光;涂层的色差达到3.20,属于轻微变色,涂层的附着力降至0.82 MPa,涂层与金属基体的结合强度大幅下降;聚氨酯涂层的阻抗值降至2.81×10³ Ω.cm²,说明涂层的防护性能基本丧失。结论 在实海浸泡条件下,聚氨酯涂层中颜料颗粒的脱落会造成涂层表面孔隙数量的增加,这会加速海水中水和氧气等腐蚀性介质的渗透过程,使得涂层/金属界面处的电化学反应快速进行,导致涂层的防护性能快速下降。此外,聚氨酯链中氨基甲酸酯键的水解是造成聚氨酯涂层发生降解的主要原因。     

等离子喷涂热障涂层的隔热性分析

采用大气等离子喷涂方法制备不同类型的氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆热障涂层：传统涂层、纳米团聚粉末制备的纳米涂层和空心球粉末制备的空心球涂层。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、压汞仪和激光脉冲法观察和测试各种涂层的组织形貌、空隙分布和导热系数,并在相同条件下测试各种涂层的隔热性能。结果表明：纳米涂层空隙率最低,内部孔洞细小。空心球涂层组织相对疏松,内部层片更薄,有最高的空隙率和最大的平均空隙大小。传统涂层介于二者之间。纳米涂层和传统涂层均表现出双态空隙大小分布。涂层的导热系数均随着温度的上升而升高。传统涂层的热导率最高,纳米涂层与空心球涂层的热导率相接近。纳米涂层具有最好的隔热性能,空心球涂层接近纳米涂层的隔热效果。隔热效果与涂层厚度呈线性关系。随着厚度增加,导热系数低的纳米涂层和空心球涂层的隔热效果增长幅度高于传统涂层。     

钢质活塞环的表面喷涂与耐磨性能研究

采用等离子喷涂法在钢质活塞环表面制备了6种不同组分的复合涂层,研究了Mo含量对复合涂层截面形貌、涂层显微硬度、结合强度和耐磨性能的影响,并在此基础上对复合涂层的摩擦磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明,随着涂层中Mo含量的增加,复合涂层中的显微缺陷数量有所减少,涂层的致密性有所改善;随着涂层中Mo含量的增加,活塞环表面喷涂涂层的孔隙率呈现逐渐降低的趋势,且涂层的显微硬度也呈现逐渐降低的趋势;未添加Mo的NCC涂层的摩擦系数要明显低于其他含Mo涂层,其随着涂层中Mo含量的增加,涂层的摩擦系数并没有出现显著降低的情况。     

钎焊金刚石耐磨涂层制备及其磨损性能

为提高农机刃具类零件的抗磨粒磨损性能,提出一种钎焊金刚石耐磨涂层制备方法,在Q235钢基体上制备了不同粒径及镀覆状态的金刚石耐磨涂层,并与65Mn钢的摩擦磨损和抗磨粒磨损性能进行对比。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层表面、涂层与钢基体界面、涂层磨损后的表面微观形貌进行表征,并分析涂层的磨损规律及机理。结果表明:钎焊金刚石涂层与钢基体结合良好,金刚石在涂层中均匀分布,涂层厚度约370 μm。钎焊金刚石涂层的耐磨性优于65Mn钢的,且随着金刚石粒径减小钎焊金刚石涂层的摩擦系数降低,涂层的耐磨性增大;钎焊镀钨金刚石涂层的抗摩擦磨损和磨粒磨损性能均高于钎焊未镀覆金刚石涂层的。      

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。