基于多尺度时域矩匹配的自适应非均匀性校正算法

非制冷红外焦平面阵列的固定图案噪声具有与条带噪声相类似的特性.通过对矩匹配算法和时域高通滤波算法的研究, 提出了一种多尺度时域矩匹配非均匀性校正算法.首先利用高斯金字塔对相邻帧待校正图像进行全局运动估计, 然后对各尺度的高斯金字塔和拉普拉斯金字塔分别进行时域矩匹配.对真实红外图像序列的实验结果表明, 该算法在提高收敛速度的同时可有效减少鬼影现象的出现.     

A multiscale parallel computing architecture for automated segmentation of the brain connectome

Several groups in neurobiology have embarked into deciphering the brain circuitry using large-scale imaging of a mouse brain and manual tracing of the connections between neurons. Creating a graph of the brain circuitry, also called a connectome, could have a huge impact on the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Although considerably smaller than a human brain, a mouse brain already exhibits one billion connections and manually tracing the connectome of a mouse brain can only be achieved partially. This paper proposes to scale up the tracing by using automated image segmentation and a parallel computing approach designed for domain experts. We explain the design decisions behind our parallel approach and we present our results for the segmentation of the vasculature and the cell nuclei, which have been obtained without any manual intervention.     

Optimizing transistor networks using a graph-based technique

Currently, most integrated circuits have higher density of transistors on the small physical area, reduced power consumption and greater performance. An important factor that has contributed for this is the representation of logic functions with a reduced number of transistors. While the generation of a series?Cparallel network can be straightforward once a minimized Boolean expression is available, this may not be an optimum solution. This paper proposes a graph-based solution for minimizing the number of transistors that compose a network by edges sharing. The algorithm starts from a sum-of-products expression and can achieve non-series-parallel arrangements. The Wheatstone bridge arrangements contribute for the transistor count reduction. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the approach when comparing to traditional factorization algorithms implemented in the SIS software. When applying to the set of four input p-class logic functions, the proposed method presents advantages if compared to the good-factor algorithm.     

WDM网络中一种基于分层图模型的RWA算法

提出了一种基于分层图的最大边不相关(Layered Graph-Based Edge Disjoint Path)算法,该算法不同于现有研究大多将WDM网络的RWA问题拆分为选路和分配波长两个子问题,而是将波长分层图和图论中的最大边不相关原理引入RWA问题中,可同时进行选路和波长分配.仿真证明,该算法可以有效节省网络波长资源,且易于实施.     

Research on a factor graph-based robust UWB positioning algorithm in NLOS environments

Telecommunication Systems - In a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment, ultra-wide band (UWB) high accuracy positioning has been one of the hot topics in studying indoor positioning. In this paper,...     

Atlas-based fuzzy connectedness segmentation and intensity nonuniformity correction applied to brain MRI

A framework that combines atlas registration, fuzzy connectedness (FC) segmentation, and parametric bias field correction (PABIC) is proposed for the automatic segmentation of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). First, the atlas is registered onto the MRI to initialize the following FC segmentation. Original techniques are proposed to estimate necessary initial parameters of FC segmentation. Further, the result of the FC segmentation is utilized to initialize a following PABIC algorithm. Finally, we re-apply the FC technique on the PABIC corrected MRI to get the final segmentation. Thus, we avoid expert human intervention and provide a fully automatic method for brain MRI segmentation. Experiments on both simulated and real MRI images demonstrate the validity of the method, as well as the limitation of the method. Being a fully automatic method, it is expected to find wide applications, such as three-dimensional visualization, radiation therapy planning, and medical database construction     

Multispectral image segmentation using the rough-set-initialized EM algorithm

The problem of segmentation of multispectral satellite images is addressed. An integration of rough-set-theoretic knowledge extraction, the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, and minimal spanning tree (MST) clustering is described. EM provides the statistical model of the data and handles the associated measurement and representation uncertainties. Rough-set theory helps in faster convergence and in avoiding the local minima problem, thereby enhancing the performance of EM. For rough-set-theoretic rule generation, each band is discretized using fuzzy-correlation-based gray-level thresholding. MST enables determination of nonconvex clusters. Since this is applied on Gaussians, determined by granules, rather than on the original data points, time required is very low. These features are demonstrated on two IRS-1A four-band images. Comparison with related methods is made in terms of computation time and a cluster quality measure.     

基于区域分割的序列红外图像融合算法

针对传统的基于像素点和窗口策略的融合算法对图像特征表征的失真,提出了一种基于区域分割的序列图像融合算法.首先将序列红外图像分割为3个不同的特征区域,目标区域、背景区域以及灰度区域,并将分割结果映射到可见光图像中.随后,利用多尺度几何分析工具非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)有效提取图像特征的特点,根据不同区域的特性在NSCT域设计不同的融合规则.对试验结果进行主观和客观的对比,结果表明:基于区域分割的序列图像融合算法不仅能够为融合图像保留更全面、丰富的背景信息,还能够更加有效、准确地提取图像中的目标特征.该算法优于传统的基于像素点和窗口规则的融合算法,是一种有效可行的图像融合算法.     

应用于非均匀性校正的改进的神经网络算法

非制冷红外焦平面的非均匀性对红外系统的图像质量造成严重影响。神经网络的自适应调节性优于传统的定标校正方法,成为研究热点。但是传统的神经网络存在期望值不准确、误差函数精度不高和学习速度不适应网络变化的缺点。本文将目标像元与其4邻近像元的像素值进行比较,按偏差值的大小进行排序,再增加权系数来计算期望值;文章又分析了神经网络出现的局部极小问题,在原有的误差函数基础上引入了隐层饱和度的计算式;并提出了根据总误差值之比来调节学习速度。经仿真实验表明,新算法较好地降低了非均匀度。     

MRF model based image segmentation using hierarchical distributedgenetic algorithm

An unsupervised method for segmenting noisy and blurred images is proposed. A Markov random field (MRF) model is used which is robust to degradation. Since this is computationally intensive, a hierarchical distributed genetic algorithm (HDGA) is used which is unsupervised and parallel. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective at segmenting real images     

Retinal fundus vasculature multilevel segmentation using whale optimization algorithm

The aim was to present a novel automated approach for extracting the vasculature of retinal fundus images. The proposed vasculature extraction method on retinal fundus images consists of two phases: preprocessing phase and segmentation phase. In the first phase, brightness enhancement is applied for the retinal fundus images. For the vessel segmentation phase, a hybrid model of multilevel thresholding along with whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is performed. WOA is used to improve the segmentation accuracy through finding the \(n{-}1\) optimal n-level threshold on the fundus image. To evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis measurements are used. The proposed approach achieved an overall accuracy of 97.8%, sensitivity of 88.9%, and specificity of 98.7% for the identification of retinal blood vessels by using a dataset that was collected from Bostan diagnostic center in Fayoum city. The area under the ROC curve reached a value of 0.967. Automated identification of retinal blood vessels based on whale algorithm seems highly successful through a comprehensive optimization process of operational parameters.     

改进BIRCH算法的MRI脑图像分割

针对现有磁共振常规扫描序列对于颅脑白质、灰质信号相近分辨不清,解剖病变欠佳,难以达到临床高精准诊断的需求,选用改进的BIRCH算法,首先将3维MRI体数据经过预处理,由灰度与梯度组成特征向量,然后利用Cophenet相关系数,确定最优参数---分支因子B、阈值T,最后通过定义可调节线段L,改进原BIRCH算法仅将数据样...     

Robust real-time segmentation of images and videos using a smooth-spline snake-based algorithm.

This paper deals with fast image and video segmentation using active contours. Region-based active contours using level sets are powerful techniques for video segmentation, but they suffer from large computational cost. A parametric active contour method based on B-Spline interpolation has been proposed in to highly reduce the computational cost, but this method is sensitive to noise. Here, we choose to relax the rigid interpolation constraint in order to robustify our method in the presence of noise: by using smoothing splines, we trade a tunable amount of interpolation error for a smoother spline curve. We show by experiments on natural sequences that this new flexibility yields segmentation results of higher quality at no additional computational cost. Hence, real-time processing for moving objects segmentation is preserved.     

Atlas-based segmentation of neonatal brain MR images using a gray matter enhancing step

We propose an atlas-based segmentation framework for brain magnetic resonance images, specially designed to fit neonatal images, which pose additional difficulties due to the poor differentiation between the gray and white matter. The main contribution of our work consists of a gray matter enhancing step, which is applied to either the T1w or T2w modalities after standard preprocessing and alignment steps are carried out. Our enhancing step uses Hessian and box filters for the cortical gray matter and takes advantage of both local and non-local information for the subcortical gray matter. We consider four classes, and our framework has been evaluated using publicly available data from the NeoBrainS12 challenge.     

Atlas-based segmentation of pathological MR brain images using a model of lesion growth

We propose a method for brain atlas deformation in the presence of large space-occupying tumors, based on an a priori model of lesion growth that assumes radial expansion of the lesion from its starting point. Our approach involves three steps. First, an affine registration brings the atlas and the patient into global correspondence. Then, the seeding of a synthetic tumor into the brain atlas provides a template for the lesion. The last step is the deformation of the seeded atlas, combining a method derived from optical flow principles and a model of lesion growth. Results show that a good registration is performed and that the method can be applied to automatic segmentation of structures and substructures in brains with gross deformation, with important medical applications in neurosurgery, radiosurgery, and radiotherapy.     

基于MeanShift算法的航空影像联合分割

为了实现在包含部分变化信息的相同区域不同时相的高分辨率航空影像上获得准确一致的分割结果,提出了两时相高分辨率航空影像联合分割方法。首先,对两时相影像进行高斯平滑处理,减小地物的内部差异以避免过分割;然后将两时相影像进行波段组合,采用主成分分析法剔除冗余数据,取其第一主分量作为灰度分量;最后对原始影像进行纹理分析,获得两时相影像的纹理信息作为纹理分量并与灰度分量组合在一起进行MeanShift分割。实验对比结果表明,该方法能够有效利用数据,节省处理时间,获得了较好的分割结果。     

Automatic segmentation of subcortical brain structures in MR images using information fusion

This paper reports a new automated method for the segmentation of internal cerebral structures using an information fusion technique. The information is provided both by images and expert knowledge, and consists in morphological, topological, and tissue constitution data. All this ambiguous, complementary and redundant information is managed using a three-step fusion scheme based on fuzzy logic. The information is first modeled into a common theoretical frame managing its imprecision and incertitude. The models are then fused and a decision is taken in order to reduce the imprecision and to increase the certainty in the location of the structures. The whole process is illustrated on the segmentation of thalamus, putamen, and head of the caudate nucleus from expert knowledge and magnetic resonance images, in a protocol involving 14 healthy volunteers. The quantitative validation is achieved by comparing computed, manually segmented structures and published data by means of indexes assessing the accuracy of volume estimation and spatial location. Results suggest a consistent volume estimation with respect to the expert quantification and published data, and a high spatial similarity of the segmented and computed structures. This method is generic and applicable to any structure that can be defined by expert knowledge and morphological images.