气调包装对牛肉保鲜效果的影响

冷却牛肉的嫩化及保鲜问题在一定程度上制约了冷却牛肉的普及和发展,气调包装是一种通过调节和控制食品所处环境中气体组成的保鲜方法,并在一定时间内保持相对稳定,以抑制或延缓产品的变质过程,从而达到延长保鲜期和提高保鲜效果的目的。本实验以牛肉为包装对象,通过研究5种不同透气性包装材料在气调包装(45%氧气+30%二氧化碳+25%氮气)气体比例的充气包装方式下,每天对牛肉菌落总数、酸碱值、挥发性盐基氮值、色泽、包装袋内气体含量的变化和剪切力进行测定分析。结果表明:以聚丙烯-聚乙烯-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的气调包装材料效果最佳。     

青花菜气调包装材料的选择

采用动态平衡理论,研究在气调包装20℃、4℃贮藏温度条件下,随着包装袋内O2,CO2气体浓度或分压的变化,青花菜呼吸速率RO2,RCO2与所需包装材料的透气率PO2,PCO2的相互关系.得出在不同温度下,所需包装材料的PO2,PCO2、透气比β值随包装袋内初始O2,CO2气体分压的变化曲线及理论公式,为气调包装材料的选择提供了理论依据,并通过透气性试验验证普通PE塑料薄膜不能完全满足气调包装材料的透气性要求.     

聚乳酸薄膜保鲜哈斯油梨的研究

采用聚乳酸（PLA）薄膜包装哈斯油梨进行保鲜实验,以聚乙烯（PE）薄膜包装及无包装作为对照。依据贮藏保鲜期间（（17±2）℃,相对湿度50%±5%）油梨重量、颜色、硬度、叶绿素、可溶性固形物及酶活性的变化,结合包装袋内O₂、CO₂体积分数来评定保鲜效果。结果表明:PLA薄膜本身较低的O₂和CO₂透过率使其包装内形成了低氧高二氧化碳的气体环境,抑制了油梨的呼吸作用,使其包装的油梨保鲜时间最长,可以贮藏8 d,而PE薄膜和无包装的油梨仅可以贮藏6 d和4 d。4 d后,PLA包装中的油梨颜色最鲜亮,其硬度和叶绿素含量分别为133.1 N和1.28 mg/g,高于PE包装中的85.5 N和1.06 mg/g;同时PLA包装中油梨的过氧化物酶活性要低于其它两种包装。PLA薄膜包装哈斯油梨可以有效延长其贮藏时间,而且此包装方法操作简便,食用安全。      

不同气调包装材料对红香酥梨贮藏品质的影响

为了初步筛选红香酥梨的气调包装材料,本研究选用7种常见的塑料包装材料(CPP、LDPE、HDPE、PP6、PP12、OPP、PO)作为气调贮藏包装,分别进行N2、空气、真空处理,以敞口放置作为对照,进行红香酥梨的气调保鲜实验。红香酥梨气调包装后置于室温下进行贮藏,考察贮藏期间包装袋内气体含量、失重率、感官品质的变化,并将贮藏始末果实品质指标(果实硬度等)的变化进行对照。结果表明:气调包装材料种类及厚度对红香酥梨保鲜效果差异较大,PO、LDPE、CPP材料较适合于红香酥梨的气调保鲜,N2处理效果明显优于空气和真空处理。     

聚乳酸薄共聚膜对樱桃番茄自发气调保鲜的影响

为提高自发气调包装(spontaneous control modified atmosphere packaging,SMAP)保鲜效果,采用化学改性方法制备高气体透过性及二氧化碳/氧气(CO_2/O_2)选择性的可降解聚乳酸嵌段物(PLGLx G20),制备薄膜并用于樱桃番茄的低温SMAP包装,通过对包装内气体浓度、果实的感官品质、营养成分等分析考察薄膜的保鲜效果。结果显示,储藏初期CO_2浓度迅速升高,O_2浓度迅速降低,约5 d后包装内的气体达到平衡,其CO_2浓度随着PLGLx G20的CO_2透过系数的增大呈阶梯型减小,薄膜表现出对内部气体的控制能力。与无包装和聚乳酸包装组相比,PLGLx G20包装内维持了相对低O_2高CO_2的气体环境,其中PLGL35G20包装在6 d后达到较适宜番茄保鲜的体积分数为3%～5%CO_2和3%～4%O_2平衡浓度,抑制了强烈的有氧呼吸,果实在20 d内维持了较好的感官品质和营养成分。该研究表明,PLGLx G20薄膜对果蔬具有良好的保鲜效果,对拓宽可降解材料在食品包装中应用具有一定意义。     

水果蔬菜采用MAP包装的数学模型及其应用

对水果蔬菜的呼吸过程与包装材料透气性的关系进行了分析，从理论上提出了水果蔬菜在采用ＭＡＰ包装时呼吸平衡数学模型，对控制包装内的气体成分，延长水果蔬菜的货架寿命有较大的指导意义。     

新鲜果蔬气调保鲜包装

新鲜果蔬气调保鲜包装（MAP）是由果蔬呼吸作用、塑料膜透气性、大气环境之间的相互作用建立包装内气调。它可以由果蔬呼吸的耗氧来建立,亦可充入所要求混合气体建立。影响果蔬气调保鲜效果的因素是果蔬的品种、塑料膜透气性能和包装内温度、相对湿度和气体成分。呼吸速度测定方法有气流式和封闭式二种。     

活性包装技术 国外研发热点与前沿概览

正活性包装是一种新型包装技术,为了使包装袋内维持适合于鲜果蔬菜贮藏保鲜的适宜气体环境,可以向包装袋内加入各种气体吸收剂和释放剂以除去包装内过多的CO_2、乙烯及水气而及时补充O_2。目前,科学家已研究出一系列活性包装技术,一些可以显示食品是否变质,一些则可以延长包装食品的保质期,这些技术对保障消费者安全具有重大作用。在食品包装领域,活     

不同包装材料对MAP毛竹笋品质影响的研究

采用三种不同透气性的包装塑料袋对毛竹笋进行气调包装(2%O2,5%CO2,97%N2),常温贮存。通过测试毛竹笋储存期间的褐变指数、失重率、可溶性固形物含量、总维生素C含量及感官等指标的变化情况来研究不同包装材料对MAP毛竹笋品质的影响。研究表明,BOPP/PET/PE包装袋对MAP包装的毛竹笋的保鲜效果最好。     

青豌豆气调包装工艺及其质量评价

摘要：包装内气氛与包装材料选择性透气性是影响果蔬气调包装质量的主要因素。对青豌豆采用6组不同初始气体组分、3种包装材料进行气调包装，在5℃，相对湿度85％的环境下贮藏7d后，测定青豌豆的相关质量指标，并与未包装产品进行比较，结果表明气调包装对青豌豆保鲜效果显著；在此基础上，用主成分分析法构造了气调包装产品质量的综合评价模型，对气调包装青豌豆质量进行综合评价，得出青豌豆气调包装的最佳初始气体组分，分析了不同包装材料对青豌豆气调包装质量的影响。     

包装膜透气性对韭黄MAP冷藏保鲜效果的影响

为探讨包装膜透气性对低温（1±0.5℃）下韭黄短期自发气调（MAP）贮藏效果的影响,本文测试了5种梯度氧气（O₂）和二氧化碳（CO₂）透过率的聚乙烯薄膜包装袋包装后韭黄在贮藏过程中感官指标、腐烂指数、包装袋内气体成分、相对电导率、组织含水率、丙二醛、可溶性糖和抗坏血酸的变化情况。结果表明,O₂和CO₂气体透过率分别为（4623±834） cm³/m²·24 h·0.1 MPa和（18033±3356） cm³/m²·24 h·0.1 MPa的聚乙烯包装袋MAP处理后,贮藏至28~42 d时包装袋内O₂和CO₂含量维持在11.67%~13.67%和2.43%~3.45%相对平稳状态,使用此包装袋能延缓贮藏过程中韭黄腐烂指数、相对电导率和丙二醛含量的上升,减缓感官指标、组织含水率、可溶性糖和抗坏血酸含量的下降,该包装膜可作为适宜的MAP处理材料结合冷藏技术延长韭黄采后保鲜期。     

Modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables

Modified atmospheres (MA), i.e., elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide and reduced levels of oxygen and ethylene, can be useful supplements to provide optimum temperature and relative humidity in maintaining the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest. MA benefits include reduced respiration, ethylene production, and sensitivity to ethylene; retarded softening and compositional changes; alleviation of certain physiological disorders; and reduced decay. Subjecting fresh produce to too low an oxygen concentration and/or to too high a carbon dioxide level can result in MA stress, which is manifested by accelerated deterioration. Packaging fresh produce in polymeric films can result in a commodity-generated MA. Atmosphere modification within such packages depends on film permeability, commodity respiration rate and gas diffusion characteristics, and initial free volume and atmospheric composition within the package. Temperature, relative humidity, and air movement around the package can influence the permeability of the film. Temperature also affects the metabolic activity of the commodity and consequently the rate of attaining the desired MA. All these factors must be considered in developing a mathematical model for selecting the most suitable film for each commodity.     

基于缓解果蔬类易逝性能的柿子包装设计研究

目的 本文旨在于探究果蔬类易逝品包装设计中所存在的现实问题,设计一款能解决柿子易逝性问题的包装。方法 在气调保鲜的条件下对柿子进行保鲜研究,在夹塑型瓦楞中,加入聚己内酯（PCL）复合运用,通过改变包装袋内质量与无任何处理的空白组进行对比,验证复合型夹塑瓦楞纸对柿子的保藏性能,并优选最佳保藏条件,实现延长货架期的目的。结果 在夹塑瓦楞纸中加入一定质量比的PCL涂覆在瓦楞纸上得到的活性保鲜薄膜,可以适当增加材料薄膜的阻隔性,在保证材料在运输和销售过程中基本的保护功能的同时,使得PCL夹塑型瓦楞包装材料控制CO2/O2的选择透过比为8：1,此时的气体环境更适用于果蔬品的包装。 结论 在保鲜过程中,使用不同厚度的PCL涂覆型包装材料可以有效延长柿子的保鲜期,并在运输过程中起到保护作用。     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Cultivated Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) with Hydrophilic Films

ABSTRACT: Unique gas barrier properties of hydrophilic films (wheat gluten-based material and synthetic polymer) have been tested through practical application such as modified atmosphere packaging. Mushrooms have been packed under microporous and hydrophilic films and stored at 10 °C and 20 °C under high relative humidity (> 92%). Atmospheric and quality changes (cap opening, color) were assessed during storage. Unique steady state atmospheres, poor in both oxygen and carbon dioxide, were observed, regardless of the temperature and the hydrophilic film used, owing to their high selectivity to gas diffusion. A transitional phase characterized by a CO₂ partial pressure peak has been evidenced and could imply quality change. The proposed MAP model fit experimental data with a mean error of 0.88 kPa.     

不同气调包装袋对红心猕猴桃后熟品质的影响

目的 为探究不同的气调包装对红心猕猴桃的保鲜效果。方法 采用两种不同类型自发气调包装袋包装红心猕猴桃,以市售微孔包装包装袋作对照,研究低温（5±1°C）贮藏时,不同气调包装袋包装的红心猕猴桃的生理特性及营养成分的变化规律。结果 与市售微孔包装袋相比,气调包装袋能够在猕猴桃后熟期间控制氧气含量低于10%,二氧化碳含量不高于5%,使其充分后熟的同时有效延缓呼吸高峰的出现,降低呼吸高峰,有利于猕猴桃的品质保持和营养成分积累。结论 贮藏30天以上时,MP20袋内低氧低二氧化碳的气体环境有利于红心猕猴桃的贮藏,品质和营养成分含量明显优于市售微孔袋,MP20气调包装用于保鲜红心猕猴桃具有较好的市场应有前景。     

Asparagus responds to controlled atmospheres in warm conditions

Asparagus spears held in warm conditions (20°C) for 4 days in controlled atmospheres (CA) ranging from 5 to 10% oxygen with 5–15% carbon dioxide had significantly longer residual shelf-life (≈4.5 days) in air than did check spears (2.6 days). This response was also reflected in sensory characteristics, with lower off-flavour ratings and higher flavour and acceptability ratings for CA-treated than for check spears. The level of response was similar across the range of atmospheres tested. Tests using plastic films differing in permeability demonstrated that modified atmosphere technology can be used to obtain the improvement in spear quality, but the gas permeability of the films tested was too low to provide a commercially useful pack. The potential for microperforated films for this application is discussed.     

不同包装方式对包装熟食米饭中碳足迹影响

气候变暖已成为全球面临的严重问题,各国均积极应对。食品体系产生大量温室气体,其碳足迹已成为研究热点。本研究依据产品碳足迹全生命周期评价标准,从单元操作角度计算不同包装（真空、空气和气调包装）操作工艺碳足迹。主要研究结论如下：包装200 g熟食米饭,在真空包装和空气包装条件下,最终碳足迹为：34.05±0.01 g CO2eq和57.94±0.01 g CO2eq。气调包装条件为40% O2+20% CO2+40% N2、50% O2+20% CO2+30% N2、60% O2+20% CO2+20% N2和70% O2+20% CO2+10% N2时,最终碳足迹分别为：214.39±0.26 g CO2eq,220.53±0.26 g CO2eq,224.76±0.55 g CO2eq和230.58±0.52 g CO2eq。研究发现使用塑料制品带来的碳排放在最终碳足迹中占较高比例,并且气调包装中使用气体产生的最终碳足迹占比较高。敏感性分析显示,包装过程中碳足迹对塑料制品排放因子是敏感的;空气及气调包装过程中碳足迹对设备排放因子变化以及电力使用效率变化是稳定的,而真空包装过程对两者敏感。可通过减少使用塑料制品,降低产品最终碳足迹。     

不同包装材料对烤制鱿鱼贮藏品质的影响

为开发中国枪乌贼(Uroteuthis chinensis)烤制产品并筛选适宜的包装材料,本文采用37℃加速破坏实验,考察普通包装袋、蒸煮包装袋和铝箔包装袋三种不同材料包装烤制鱿鱼,测定烤制鱿鱼在37℃贮藏过程挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量、微生物菌落总数(TVC)、硫代巴比妥酸还原值(TBARS)、色泽和质构的变化,并对其进行感官评价。结果表明:普通包装袋、蒸煮包装袋内烤制鱿鱼的TVB-N含量分别在第4、6 d时超过GB 2733-2015标准(30 mg·100 g^-1),为31.77、30.6 mg·100 g^-1,铝箔包装袋内烤制鱿鱼TVB-N含量在整个贮藏过程中没有超过标准;铝箔包装袋、蒸煮包装袋、普通包装袋内烤制鱿鱼的菌落总数分别在贮藏的第3、4、6 d时超过DB11/617-2009标准(4.47lg CFU·mL^-1),分别为5.17lg、5.17lg、4.97lg CFU·mL^-1;不同包装材料内烤制鱿鱼的TBARS、色泽、质构和感官评分差异显著(P<0.05)。与普通包装袋和蒸煮包装袋相比,铝箔包装袋能有效的抑制烤制鱿鱼TVB-N含量、TVC以及TBARS的上升,且能减缓烤制鱿鱼质构和色泽的变化,使烤制鱿鱼保持良好的感官性状,是更有利于烤制鱿鱼包装和贮藏的包装材料。     

The effects of using packaging films with different permeabilities on the quality of Korean fermented red pepper paste

Korean fermented red pepper paste was packaged with four plastic films of different gas permeabilities and stored at 13 °C. During the storage, package weight, volume expansion, microbial flora, surface colour, pH and acidity were measured. Highly permeable film, such as low density polyethylene, alleviated the volume expansion; however, this packaging also supported higher yeast count on the paste for longer periods and caused higher weight loss when compared with other plastic films. There was also a concern that loss of volatile acids was greater for this type of packaging. On the other hand, use of barrier packaging films, such as Al-laminate and nylon laminate, resulted in high volume expansion because of low permeation of carbon dioxide from the package. Plastic films with appropriate gas permeability, such as coextruded multilayer polyamide, may be the most practical choice based on consideration of both volume expansion and quality retention of the fermented paste.     

Color and thiobarbituric acid values of cooked top sirloin steaks packaged in modified atmospheres of 80% oxygen, or 0.4% carbon monoxide, or vacuum

Case-ready fresh beef is typically packaged in a modified-atmosphere with approximately 80% oxygen and 20% carbon dioxide. Recently, USDA approved distribution of fresh meats in a master bag system using 0.4% carbon monoxide (CO). This study compared effects of packaging system (vacuum, 80% oxygen, 0.4% carbon monoxide), fresh meat storage time (7-21 days) and cooking temperature (49-79 °C) on extent of myoglobin denaturation, color and rancidity in cooked top sirloin steaks. Steaks packaged in 80% oxygen or CO retained desirable red color for 14 and 21 days storage, respectively. Steaks stored in 80% oxygen exhibited the greatest TBA values and myoglobin denaturation at all storage times and cooking temperatures. Steaks stored in high oxygen developed brown interior color at internal temperatures as low as 57 °C, the premature browning effect. Premature browning and rancidity associated with steaks packaged in 80% oxygen was prevented by packaging in 0.4% CO or vacuum.