兴澄3200m3高炉炉役中后期存在的问题及对策

兴澄特钢3200m3高炉运行六年后,出现炉身耐材侵蚀、炉体冷却壁破损漏水、炉缸侧壁温度升高等突出问题,已影响到了高炉的操作和稳定生产.本文结合3200m3高炉近年来生产实际状况,对其炉役中后期存在的问题进行了简要总结,分析了问题产生的原因,并提出了相应的对策.通过采取炉身喷涂、冷却壁漏水治理、综合护炉以及操作调整等对策...     

试论强化冶炼高炉炉底结构长寿问题

一、引言自从用了碳砖炉底,炉底寿命显著提高,高炉长寿的矛盾由炉底转移到炉身。一代役龄中,往往需要中修(炉身更换内衬和冷却设施)1～3次,炉身寿命成了高炉工作者主攻对象。现在国外在对冷却器材质和结构、内衬砖材质、冷却介质和冷却系统、炉顶装料装置、操作等方面进行改进后,密集式冷却板或冷却壁结构的炉身均已取得十年以上寿命的成果。近几年来,通过国内高炉工作者的努力,炉身寿命也在不断增加。随着高炉的强化和产量的增加,高炉炉     

梅山3#高炉炉身维护实践

梅山三号高炉处于炉役后期,炉身侵蚀严重,冷却设备大量损坏,制约高炉正常生产。通过改进炉身冷却设备,运用炉身压浆造衬技术和合理操作制度等方法,有效地解决了炉身侵蚀问题,高炉煤气利用率提高,炉况稳定性增强,各项经济指标得到优化。     

太钢高炉上下部操作炉型相互作用及其影响

 通过太钢2座4 350 m3高炉生产、操作炉型监控和维护的实践,认识到高炉上下部操作炉型之间有密切的相互作用关系,其对炉缸寿命有一定的影响。高炉上部的操作炉型受到炉腹煤气量、炉身部位耐火材料的选择以及炉身冷却水流向的影响。适当的炉腹煤气量、减少冷却板与砖衬间可能形成的窜气通道、冷却水横向分段、分区冷却有助于形成合理的上部操作炉型。炉身操作炉型与渣皮厚度具有相互作用关系,风口以上操作炉型对炉缸炉底的侵蚀和结厚也存在相互作用关系。通过维持炉芯死焦堆透气透液性、高炉炉身硬质压入以及钒钛矿护炉等措施,维持合理的上、下部操作炉型,改善了炉况顺行和操作指标,同时减缓炉缸侧壁的侵蚀。     

武钢高炉炉身结构及寿命分析

武钢四座高炉(容积分别为1386,1436,1513,2516米~3)炉身寿命一般仅3～4年一代炉役中需要进行2—3次中修。因此炉身下部和炉腰是目前武钢高炉寿命短的关键部位。影响炉身寿命的原因很多,如原燃料条件、冷却结构和冷却方式、内衬材质、操作和维护等,且互相制约,本文侧重讨论结构     

关于高炉冷却设备与内衬的选择

简要阐明了高炉冷却设备与内衬的作用,重点阐述了炉底炉缸区域(铁口区域)、炉腹风口段、炉腰及炉身下部、炉身中上部和炉喉区域等部位冷却设备与内衬的选择。认为:合理的冷却设备与铁口区域的设计,是阻止炭砖不被铁水异常侵蚀,优化高炉炉缸生产稳定性的必要条件;炉腹、炉腰和炉身下部冷却系统,应以优化操作炉型为重点,建立起与冷却系统匹配的内衬,并优化高炉操作,达到渣皮保护冷却设备,冷却设备同时又促进形成稳定渣皮的动态平衡的目标。     

三钢2号高炉长寿的探讨

1 概述 三明钢铁厂现有高炉3座,总炉容为944m~3,新一代2号高炉于1989年1月投产,炉容为294m~3,现炉役已达10年零3个月。由于三钢在高炉生产中重视了如冷却强度、操作质量、炉体维护等问题,使得采用全粘上质炉衬的2号高炉目前除炉缸第一层、二层冷却壁热流值偶而出现局部超高现象外,尚未发生冷却壁破损漏水、炉身中上部砖     

梅山高炉长寿实践

从高炉冷却设备改进、炉身冷却结构形式的改进、炉缸炉底结构及材质的改进以及高炉操作维护等方面阐述了梅山三代高炉的长寿经验。认为现役高炉采用的炉身板壁结合的冷却结构以及炉缸陶瓷杯结构适合梅山高炉长寿要求。     

马钢2500m^3高炉炉役后期生产实践

1 概况 马钢2500m~3高炉1994年4月25日建成投产,炉体采用双层蛇型管球墨铸铁冷却壁、工业水开路循环的冷却方式。由于诸多因素的影响,高炉投产进入第七个年头后,炉腹至炉身下部冷却壁及炉身冷却壁钩头已大量破损,局部只剩下炉皮,3号铁口两侧的冷     

对高炉炉身寿命问题的讨论

大型高炉炉底采用炭砖——高铝砖综合炉底或全炭炉底并增加冷却设施,一代寿命已超过国家现在的要求。但炉体寿命的矛盾已转向炉身。炉身结构型式(包括内衬和冷却设备)几十年来是五花八门的,都在探索适合本单位的较好的结构型式。武钢高炉炉身结构型式的演变也属于这个范畴。1970年以前的是四十年代的设计型式,(见图1)即炉腰是四层冷却板,炉身下部是支梁式水箱;粘土砖质厚生内衬。这种结构型式不适应日益强化的大高炉生产,多数新炉子投产一年以后冷却设备就开始烧坏,内衬严重受侵。从下表可以看出,1965年二高炉大修时仅生产一年半,内衬只剩170毫米厚了,说明局部已基本无砖。一高炉第一代生产三年半炉身下部外壳产生严重变形,说明在这段时间     

Laudatio: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Dres. h. c. Heinz H?fner

During the course of a year, there are many healthcare workers nationwide who sustain sharps injuries whilst carrying out their duties. Staff who work in the Accident and Emergency (A & E) units are no different from anyone else in this respect. The emotional cost of such an accident cannot be calculated, whereas the financial costs can. This article aims to show how the cost of an injury to a member of staff can be calculated, thus allowing a manager to assess the financial implications of sharps injuries to their department. In the absence of access to an Occupational Health (OH) department, most A & E units have to respond to sharps injuries to healthcare workers in the hospital. This task must be attended to by the medical staff as well as the nursing staff of the A & E unit. Within the following text the appropriate responses and methods to ensure uniformity of response are discussed. The tables and the calculation figures shown are taken directly from the information held in the St James's University Hospital Trust's OH department. All calculations are based on the middle band of the salary scale for each discipline. Accurate costings for each member of staff injured cannot be shown in this article, but the general principle is laid down and can be easily followed for any situation.     

1969 C.P.A. Institute.

Presents the program for the C.P.A. Institute entitled "The Role of Counseling Services on the Contemporary Campus." The Institute was held on June 2-3, 1969. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rats, Man . . .

Comments on the article by Richter entitled "Rats, Man, and the Welfare State" (see record 1960-02810-001). The commenter notes that in his article Richter did not indicate how hereditary and environmental factors were controlled. In comparing the hereditary survival characteristics of wild versus domesticated rats, it would be essential that the environmental influences on the survival characteristics of the wild rats should be ruled out. Another factor to be considered is that the wild state may offer a diet and other environmental influences, which in the life of a single individual would produce organic changes, accounting for some of the differences between wild and domestic rats. It would seem that the most effective way to determine the hereditary differences between wild and domestic rats would be to create a wild group, composed solely of the offspring of wild rats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The blood-brain barrier. I. Histology. Physiology. Embryology. Transport

The concept of blood-brain barrier (bbb) arose in the beginning of the 20th century after report that the dyes injected intravenously did not appear in the brain. The idea and definition of bbb has been changed many times since then. We present current opinion concerning bbb, its histology, embryology, ultrastructure and function on the ground of a review of the recent literature.