虚拟计算环境中一种基于惩罚激励的信誉模型

基于信誉构建信任机制是解决虚拟计算环境[1]中行为可信问题的重要途径。现有信誉模型对不良行为的动态适应能力和对信誉信息的有效聚合能力不足,缺乏鼓励节点积极参与诚实合作的有效机制。本文提出一种基于惩罚激励机制的信誉管理模型PERep,根据自主元素行为特征和信誉状态区分交易行为的合作与偏离,并对偏离行为进行惩罚;给出了PERep的分布式实现。实验表明,PERep能准确地区分诚实交易和恶意行为,有效提高自主元素诚实交易的积极性并减少恶意行为的危害。     

虚拟计算环境中基于评分监管的信誉机制

提出一种基于评分监管协议(RSP)的信誉机制。通过对自主元素服务信度及评分信度的区分刻画和动态关联,识别和惩罚不递交评分、虚假评分,激励自主元素积极参与、诚实评分,并给出RSP分布式的实现方法。仿真实验结果表明,含RSP的信誉机制能够实现自主元素基于评分可信性的差异化服务,有效抵制恶意攻击。     

一种基于自主构件的网构软件协作框架

网构软件的协作具有真分布、无全局规划、非强制性等新的特征,这对协作提出了新的要求.在传统构件的基础上,借鉴Agent领域中对自主性的理解,使用自主构件这一概念来对具有自主性的计算资源进行建模,并描述了一种基于自主构件的协作框架.该框架中借助环境改变来引导自主构件间的协作行为,协作过程中没有直接干预其他自主构件的行为,更没有强迫其他自主构件参与,但自主构件却能采取所期望的行动最终实现协作目标.     

机会网络中基于信誉度惩罚的重复博弈模型

节点的自私行为将严重影响机会网络的传输性能.为激励节点协作,提出一种基于信誉度惩罚策略的重复博弈模型.惩罚策略以信誉度度量节点的历史行为,并设计不同程度的惩罚,重复博弈中节点考虑未来的长久收益以及对自私表现下惩罚的恐惧而选择协作转发.利用演化博弈理论分析并证明了节点由自私向协作行为转变的动态过程中的演化稳定性.仿真结果表明,该模型可有效激励节点参与协作,在自私节点较多时,也能保证较高节点传输成功率和较低的网络延迟.     

基于.NET的毕业设计(论文)管理系统的设计与实现

应用基于时间过程管理的思想,采用面向对象的编程方法,设计了基于.NET的毕业设计管理系统.经实践应用,该系统可有效提高毕业设计工作的效率,规范毕业设计工作的过程管理,提高毕业设计工作的质量,促进学生自主学习和协作学习能力的发展.     

基于时变半边图的Internet自主元素模型研究*

借鉴自主计算的思想,研究Internet资源抽象的自主元素模型.引入了半边概念描述Internet资源的特征属性,为网络环境下各类资源特征属性建立一个统一描述框架.模拟无尺度网络特性提出资源动态关联的时变半边图,进而利用超分子自组装机制建立超分子资源模型,超分子资源再被赋予环境动态感知、自主行为决策和协同等能力,形成自主元素.该方法可实现Internet资源自主负载调度,提高网络资源效用.     

基于P2P网络的多因子动态信任模型

针对P2P应用环境中系统安全问题突出和可用性低的问题,提出了模型MFDTrust.该模型引入多种因素来反映信任的动态性和准确性,在信任的计算中引入激励机制对恶意节点和诚实节点进行非对称的惩罚和奖励,同时引入风险的机制,并用信息熵来量化风险,有效防止协同作弊和诋毁的安全隐患.实验和分析结果表明,这种信任模型能更加精确地评估节点的信任度,能有效的提高系统的交互成功率.     

激励机制下合作行为的演化动力学

探索复杂系统中控制自私个体合作演化的激励机制,是国际系统与控制等诸多领域关注的重要科学问题.研究者曾探讨了引入惩罚机制对系统中个体合作的促进作用.但实际中,惩罚者可能会受到奖励的正激励,以及被惩罚个体报复的负激励影响.本文基于演化博弈论分别研究分散式和集中式惩罚机制下的合作演化,重点关注对惩罚行为施加不同的激励作用对系统演化的影响.研究发现,当系统中存在对惩罚行为的负激励时,分散式惩罚机制对合作行为的促进作用被完全抑制;然而集中式惩罚机制却依然可以促进合作行为的涌现.另一方面,对惩罚行为的正激励可以有效地抵制负激励的负面影响,从而使合作涌现.特别地,在采用集中式激励的大规模种群中,合作行为和惩罚行为能够在自然选择意义下占优.激励机制的研究对于复杂系统优化调度与配置、群体机器人协同控制等实际问题具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.     

一种基于惩罚区分度的P2P系统信任模型

提出了一种具有惩罚水平区分度的重复博弈信任管理模型DPTrust,对节点的非合作行为,依据其在最近时间窗口中的信用级别,施加不同时长的惩罚期,从而区分了善意节点的“偶尔犯错”和恶意节点的“故伎重演”及摇摆等行为。理论分析和仿真实验表明,该系统有效地提高了P2P节点诚实交易的积极性和系统的整体效率。     

基于无限重复博弈的P2P网络信任模型研究

为解决P2P电子商务环境中存在的安全问题,针对现有一些信任模型的局限性,提出一种基于无限重复博弈理论的信任模型。通过建立奖惩策略,对节点的不合作行为,依据博弈策略对节点进行惩罚,同时对选择合作策略的节点进行奖励,并根据欺诈行为次数设定不同的惩罚周期。理论分析和仿真实验表明,合作策略会成为节点博弈的帕累托最优策略,该策略模型能有效遏制和惩罚恶意行为,提高节点诚实交易的积极性,从而有效提高网络环境的安全性和稳定性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.