加氢裂化尾油蒸汽裂解性能的研究

通过多种油品的蒸汽裂解结果比较，论述了原料性质、工艺条件及工艺流程对加氢裂化尾油蒸汽裂解性能的影响，认为选择加氢裂化尾油作为蒸汽裂解原料，是扩大乙烯原料来源的有效途径。     

乙烯装置初分馏系统的设计和操作要点

详细分析了乙烯装置初分馏系统设计和操作的几个主要工艺参数：汽油分馏塔塔釜温度及塔顶裂解汽油回流量，急冷油循环量，急冷油黏度，裂解柴油采出量，裂解燃料油采出量。这些工艺参数的变化受到塔的物料平衡和热量平衡的限制。     

裂解分馏器中急冷油减粘剂的制备方法获国家专利

由大庆石化公司研究院研制完成的裂解分馏器中急冷油减粘剂的制备方法，目前获得国家发明专利，专利号为ZL03137612．6。据了解，该技术可广泛用于控制乙烯裂解分馏装置中循环急冷油，提高急冷油的换热效率。在乙烯裂解生产过程中，石脑油、轻烃等在高温下发生裂解反应，裂解产物冷却后与循环急冷油混合被送入急冷油塔。在急冷油塔底的部分物料与进料中的苯乙烯、茚等不饱和芳烃在高温下发生聚合，生成大分子物质导致急冷油在循环使用中粘度不断升高，增加了循环泵的功率，降低了急冷油的换热效率。为此，大庆石化公司研究院开展了裂解分馏装置中急冷油减粘剂的研究，主要由分散剂和阻聚剂配制成适合各种乙烯装置工艺条件的减粘剂，分散剂是由相对分子质量为1000-3000的聚异丁烯制备的双丁二酰亚胺，阻聚剂由受阻酚类抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂配制而成。     

馏份油裂解装置急冷系统的若干工艺问题

根据试验和工业装置运转数据,对馏份油裂解急冷系统的结焦、堵塞、腐蚀以及不同裂解原料的适应性等问题进行了分析。     

任丘减压柴油管式炉裂解制烯烃(Ⅱ)

在处理量为100公斤/时的中试裂解装置中进行了任丘减压柴油裂解产品分布试验和工艺过程有关技术研究,着重考察了炉管对流段、辐射段的运转情况,高压急冷锅炉的操作特性和油急冷系统的工艺过程。研究结果表明,在760℃中等裂解深度,汽油此为0.75—1,停留时间0.4—0.5秒,烃分压0.8公斤/厘米~2,主要产物收率为:乙烯22.5—23%,丙烯16—17.5%,丁二烯4.7—5.2%,重质燃料油10—12%,与国外中东轻柴油裂解所得产物收率相仿,是工业管式炉的一种好原料。     

蜡下油在燕化SRT—Ⅳ—HC型炉上的工业裂解试验

详细分析了蜡下油在燕化ＳＲＴ－Ⅳ－ＨＣ型裂解炉上的工业裂解试验中各裂解条件下对流段原料预热情况、引风机负荷情况、辐射段炉管及ＴＬＥ结焦情况、工业裂解深度、急冷油粘度变化情况，并根据分析结果提出了蜡下油工业裂解的优化工艺条件     

加氢裂化尾油—制取乙烯的优质原料

用本院开发的加氢裂化催化剂，以高压加氢裂化、缓和加氢裂化、中压加氢裂化、中压加氢改质等工艺对不同原料进行了加氢裂化实验。本文系统地总结了加氢裂化尾油的性质及其蒸汽裂解制乙烯试验的结果。试验结果表明，针对不同馏分的原料，采用不同的加氢裂化工艺，加氢裂化尾油均为优质的蒸汽裂解制乙烯的原料。采用加氢裂化工艺可以有效地扩大乙烯原料来源，满足我国乙烯工业发展的需要。     

乙烯裂解生产过程革新成果

在乙烯裂解生产过程中．石脑油、轻烃等在750～850℃之间发生热裂解．裂解产物在裂解炉出口被迅速冷却至350～450℃。然后与循环急冷油混合冷却至220℃左右送入急冷油塔。从急冷油塔顶分离出碳9以下的轻组分，塔底为碳9以上的重组分。     

1.20Mt/a延迟焦化装置焦炭塔大油气管线结焦分析

焦炭塔大油气管线结焦是影响延迟焦化装置长周期运行的主要因素,综合当前国内外延迟焦化方面对焦炭塔大油气管线结焦的分析,并根据1.20 Mt/a焦化装置大油气管线结焦的具体现象,得出影响结焦的主要因素有原料性质、加热炉出口温度、焦炭塔顶部温度控制,急冷油、焦炭塔气速等。同时,提出了合理控制加热炉出口温度、改善急冷油性质、降低焦炭塔气速等减缓结焦措施。     

重油催化裂解反应深度函数及裂解产品产率关联模型

提出了一个重油催化裂解反应深度函数,根据试验数据回归得到了其与反应温度、油气停留时间、剂油比和水油比等操作条件之间的关联式,并在此基础上建立了裂解产品产率与催化裂解反应深度函数和原料性质(氢碳原子比)之间的关联模型.模型的预测结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

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鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田是我国陆上发现的较大气田之一 ,目前对该气田分析的 5口气井的气油比为 15 .9× 10 4～ 98.9× 10 4m3 /m3 ,是个湿气田或干气田 ,然而初步的实验研究结论恰恰相反 ,该气田确是一个凝析气田。气藏类型经验判断表明 ,该气田可能是“常规干气田” ,也可能是“无油环凝析气田” ,处于干气藏和凝析气藏的过度带 ,没有统一的结论。相态实验研究表明 ,该气田为特低含凝析油的凝析气田。实验还发现 ,退泵降压观测到的露点压力与进泵升压观测到的雾和油花消失的压力不相同 ,后者大于前者 ,而且相差很大 ,说明该气田凝析油一旦析出 ,就较难气化。气油比改变露点压力也相应改变 ,气油比升高 ,露点压力降低 ,说明高气油比井的气含量大、油含量少 ,使油完全溶解在气中的压力就低。定容衰竭预测结果表明 ,该气田的反凝析油量很低 ,但是如果气井在井底压力低于露点压力下经过长时间生产 ,井底周围地层中仍然会有凝析油聚集 ,造成反凝析油动态污染     

凝析气藏压力恢复试井分析的新认识

低于露点压力的凝析气藏的压力恢复曲线特征不同于高于露点压力的凝析气藏，文中根据三区域径向复合模型，将低于露点压力的凝析气藏压力恢复曲线的上翘解释为地层流体凝析饱和度的变化，内区为低凝析饱和度区，外区为原始流体凝析饱和度区，中间过渡带为高凝析饱和度区，而非传统的储层物性变化或部分渗透断层的影响，并结合矿场实例，说明其适用性。     

Improved neural-network model predicts dewpoint pressure of retrograde gases

Accurate prediction of dewpoint pressure is a critical element in reservoir-engineering calculations. The objective of this paper is to present a novel and highly accurate application of the neural-network model (NNM) to predict dewpoint pressures in retrograde gas reservoirs. We were able to demonstrate that the model described in this paper is more accurate than any presented to date. In addition, the model is simple and is able to duplicate with reasonable accuracy the temperature–dewpoint pressure behavior of constant-composition gas condensate fluids.The neural-network model was developed using a set of 802 experimental constant volume depletion (CVD) data points. To train the neural-network model, a set of 641 experimental data points of CVD for different gas condensate fluids was used. The model was tested with 161 experimental data points, not used during the training process, to prove its accuracy. The study also considered a detailed comparison between the results predicted by this more efficient neural-network model and those predicted by other correlations for estimating dewpoint pressure of retrograde gas. The performance of this improved neural-network model and available correlations was evaluated versus the Peng–Robinson Equation of State (PR-EOS) model for the same reservoir fluid composition, a gas condensate from the Cusiana Field, in Colombia.This improved neural-network model was able to predict the dewpoint pressure with an average absolute error of 8.74%, as a function of temperature, hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon compositions, molecular weight, and specific gravity of heptanes-plus fraction. Neural-network models can save calculation time in the prediction of the dewpoint pressures with more reliability than available multiple-regression techniques.     

对商品天然气烃露点指标的认识

液烃在管道内冷凝会产生两相流而影响管输计量的准确性,并加大管道阻力,造成极大安全隐患,同时也会影响燃气透平的操作,对压缩机组的运行造成不良影响。因此,要求天然气输配系统必须保证在高于管输天然气烃露点的条件下运行。那么规定合理的烃露点指标并准确地进行测定就显得尤为重要。为此,讨论了测定商品天然气烃露点的两种方法--冷却镜面法和气相色谱法,认为后者才是当前发展的方向;并指出商品天然气烃露点指标仅取决于管道的操作条件及运行环境,且只有建立了准确的测定方法后才有可能确定。     

催化热裂解工艺裂解气急冷技术研究

This article describes the application of technology for quenching catalytic pyrolysis gas at the Daqing commercial CPP test unit and the Shenyang commercial CPP production unit.On the basis of results for application of the Shenyang CPP unit this paper puts forward an improved process flow scheme for quenching the pyrolysis gas and made calculations using the process flowsheet software.Case Ⅰ of the process flow scheme,which is designed for full circulation of slurry,intends to use the pyrolysis light oil and fresh feed oil as the quenching media with the product slurry oil and fresh feedstock being discharged from the quench cooler bottom and routed directly to the reactor so that the fresh feed oil can be preheated prior to pyrolysis.Case Ⅱ of the process flow scheme intends to adopt recycle oil as the quenching medium with the product slurry and recycle oil being discharged from the quench cooler bottom to the fractionator,which then delivers the slurry from the bottom.These two cases for improving the process flow diagram can all effectively control the density and viscosity of the quenching medium to secure the smooth operation of quench cooler.     

淬火油复合添加剂研究

介绍研制的淬火油复合添加剂的配方筛选过程，性能，在快速淬火油和分级淬火油中的应用试验以及该复合剂与国外剂的性能对比结果，说明该剂完全满足技术指标要求。     

乙烯装置急冷油粘度控制及减粘塔运行分析

针对国内外急冷油减粘技术现状,分析了急冷油粘度增加对循环系统的危害,介绍了旋流分离技术应用于急冷油减粘的工艺过程,该技术克服了其它减粘方法存在的一些缺陷。指出提高减粘塔顶温度的同时增加参与减粘的急冷油喷淋量,降低减粘塔顶温差、控制好塔釜液面是进一步优化减粘塔操作的关键。     

崖城13-1气田处理工艺和销售模式

崖城13-1气田天然气处理工艺根据高温高压气田的特点、销售合同的要求及国际通用工程规范设计而成,其主要处理流程由减压、降温、油气水分离、脱水、烃露点处理及压缩外输等环节组成,其中烃露点处理流程是根据销售合同对天然气气质的要求而特别设计的;该气田的天然气销售合同在国内较早引入储量专供、照付不议和能量计量等概念,至今仍然是一份全面、严谨的天然气购销合同。尽管崖城13-1气田建成已近16年,但其天然气处理工艺和全面严谨的销售模式对新气田的开发仍具有借鉴作用。     

Advanced Reaction-Terminating Technique for FCC Riser Reactor

Numerical simulation of the performance of a commercial FCC riser reactor was carried out by using a three-dimensional gas-particle, two-phase, turbulent flow-reaction model. Results showed that overcracking of desired products, such as diesel or light fuel oil, occurs and the optimum yields of desirable FCC products could be achieved at a critical riser height of less than 20 m above the feed inlet. This suggests that injection of quenching media above the critical riser height can be an effective option for optimizing the yields of desirable products. The reaction-terminating technique conducted in a commercial FCC riser reactor, using light waste oil, straight-run gasoline, and desalted water as quenching media produced favorable results. Light fuel oil yields increased by 1.3 wt% and 0.95 wt% for using the first two quenching media. Liquefied cracking gas yields increased by 0.43 wt% and 1.03 wt%, whereas the yields of dry gas and coke decreased slightly. Desalted water produced better results than either light waste oil or straight-run gasoline. The improvements of gasoline and liquefied gas yields using desalted water are 0.95% and 0.49% more than those of using straight-run gasoline, respectively.     

顺酐回收新工艺的研究 Ⅰ.热脱水法

介绍了热脱水法回收顺酐的工艺。该过程包括:预蒸发顺酸水溶液至65%;使顺酸脱水变为汽态的顺酐和水蒸汽;将过热气体冷凝至水的露点以上,最终得到纯度大于98%的顺酐。