豆腐废水发酵生产白地霉的研究

利用豆腐废水从酸浆中分离筛选出的白地霉FL44菌株进行了摇瓶培养研究，通过正交试验确定了FL44生产单细胞蛋白的最适发酵条件，并对其发酵过程作了动态分析。结果表明：培养基组成、初始pH值、摇瓶装量与培养时间均对该菌株细胞生物量有影响。优化培养基组成为：废糖蜜5％，(NH4)2HPO4 1％；培养条件为：培养基初始pH5．5，摇瓶装量40ml／250mL，摇瓶转速为220rpm，30℃培养48h；菌体生物量可达到15．08g／L。     

产香白地霉发酵无醇绿啤饮料研究

以产香白地霉菌株发酵麦芽汁制得无醇绿啤饮料。确定了白地霉菌株58A、45B的最适发酵条件,分别于最适生长温度(28℃和27℃)、最适转速(120 r/min和80 r/min)和最佳接种量为5%的条件下,摇瓶发酵48 h,发酵饮料感官指标较佳,不含甲醇、乙醇和甲醛。食用安全性试验结果显示,菌株45B的发酵液对小鼠无毒无害,发酵饮料饮用安全。     

酱香大曲中白地霉产蛋白酶固态发酵条件及其优化

从酱香型酒大曲中分离得到一株白地霉MTBD,对其进行发酵实验,检测蛋白酶活力,测定其在不同原料比、不同培养时间、不同pH值、不同接种量、不同培养温度、不同料水比条件下产蛋白酶的情况,同时对其产酶条件进行优化,获得最佳产酶条件为：培养温度为45℃、pH值为3.5、料水比为1∶1、培养时间为6d。     

豆腐酸浆中白地霉发酵条件的探讨

从酸浆中分离筛选出白地霉FL44菌株,对该菌株产单细胞蛋白的发酵条件进行了初步研究,并对其发酵过程作了动态分析.结果表明:在优化的培养基组成(废糖蜜5%、(NH4)2HPO41%)和培养条件(培养基初始pH5.5,装量40mL/250mL摇瓶,摇瓶转速为220r/min,30℃培养48h)下,菌体生物量及蛋白产量分别为15.2g/L和7.42g/L.     

产香白地霉菌株筛选鉴定及其代谢产物分析

微生物代谢是白酒风味的重要来源之一,筛选优质产香微生物对于白酒质量的提高具有重要的意义.本研究以牛栏山酒厂菌种库为筛选源,从中挑选出优质生香微生物9株,并通过感官品评,进一步筛选出1株适合牛栏山白酒特点的产香菌株.采用传统微生物学和现代分子生物学的方法对其进行了鉴定,初步确定为白地霉菌株.同时,对其产香特性进行了研究,发现其主要代谢产物有乙酸、乙酸乙酯、乙醛、乙缩醛、苯乙醇和多种高级醇,与牛栏山及清香型白酒的风格特点具有密切联系.     

豆腐酸浆中高产蛋白的白地霉发酵条件的研究

本文对从酸浆中分离筛选出的白地霉FL44菌株在以黄浆水为主的培养基的条件下生产单细胞蛋白的发酵条件进行了初步研究,并对其发酵过程作了动态分析。结果表明培养基组成、初始pH值、摇瓶装量与培养时间等,均对该菌株细胞生物量和蛋白产量有影响,优化培养基组成为废糖蜜5%、(NH4)2HP041%);培养条件为培养基初始PH5.5,装量40mL/250mL,摇瓶,摇瓶转速为220rpm,30培养48h;菌体生物量及蛋白产量分别为15.2g/L和7.42g/L。     

酱香型白酒大曲中白地霉产蛋白酶液态发酵条件优化

从茅台镇酱香型白酒生产样品中分离得到1株白地霉MTBD,对其液态发酵条件下的不同原料比、料水比、pH值、发酵温度、发酵时间对菌株产蛋白酶酶活力影响进行了研究。结果表明,白地霉MTBD液态发酵产蛋白酶的最适条件为：原料高粱∶小麦∶麸皮为5∶4∶1;料水比为1∶8;pH值为5;发酵时间为6 d;发酵温度为30℃。在此条件下发酵测定蛋白酶活力为3387.61 U/mL。     

豆腐酸浆中高产蛋白的白地霉发酵条件的研究

本文对从酸浆中分离筛选出的白地霉FL44菌株在以黄浆水为主的培养基的条件下生产单细胞蛋白的发酵条件进行了初步研究，并对其发酵过程作了动态分析。结果表明：培养基组成、初始pH值、摇瓶装量与培养时间等，均对该菌株细胞生物量和蛋白产量有影响，优化培养基组成为：废糖蜜5％、(NH4)2HPO4 1％)；培养条件为：培养基初始PH5．5，装量40mL／250mL，摇瓶，摇瓶转速为220rpm，30℃培养48h；菌体生物量及蛋白产量分别为：15．2g／L和7．42g／L。     

白地霉发酵过程中菌体量检测方法的研究

探讨了白地霉发酵过程中菌体量的检测方法,对白地霉的细胞组分麦角固醇和氨基葡萄糖,能否作为菌体量检测指标的可行性进行了比较分析。结果表明:氨基葡萄糖在白地霉细胞中的含量较为稳定,在不同的培养时间、培养条件和培养基中都有较好的稳定性,可以作为白地霉菌体量的检测指标;麦角固醇受培养时间和培养基成分的影响较大,含量不稳定,不太适合作为白地霉菌体量的检测指标。用氨基葡萄糖法测得的白地霉生长曲线与用干重法测得的生长曲线变化一致,能够较为准确地反映白地霉菌体量变化。将此方法应用到白地霉固态发酵中,可快速得到白地霉固态发酵过程中的菌体量变化,为以后固态发酵菌体量的测定提供了依据。      

辣木籽油食用安全性毒理学评价

以SD大鼠和昆明系小鼠为试验动物进行急性毒性、遗传毒性和30 d喂养试验,研究辣木籽油的食用安全性。结果表明:急性毒性试验未发现动物有明显中毒症状与死亡;遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性;30 d喂养试验发现当喂食含有6%、12%辣木籽油饲料的雌、雄大鼠的血糖水平显著降低,喂食含有12%辣木籽油饲料的雄性大鼠的总蛋白水平显著降低,其他各项血液生化指标均无明显变化。因此,辣木籽油是安全无毒的可食用油脂。     

Energy substrate efficiency during batch cultures of Geotrichum candidum

BACKGROUND: Metabolisation of carbon and nitrogen substrates is a key factor during the ripening process of white soft cheeses but has not previously been examined in terms of energy substrate efficiency. Such work could be useful to improve physiological knowledge concerning Geotrichum candidum, a yeast involved in the neutralisation of curd during ripening. Its behaviour was therefore examined during batch cultures on simple (glutamate) or complex (peptones) substrates as nitrogen and carbon sources and lactate as a second carbon source. RESULTS: In addition to their assimilation as carbon and nitrogen sources, G. candidum used peptides and amino acids as energy sources during growth in preference to lactate. Contrarily, during stationary state, lactate was preferred over peptides and amino acids for carbon dissimilation for energy supply, allowing the avoidance of ammonium production. Indeed, lactate dissimilation theoretically yields 15 adenosine triphosphates (ATPs), while only nine ATPs are theoretically yielded during the dissimilation of an amino acid such as glutamate. CONCLUSION: This behaviour can be considered as an energy‐saving response. Indeed, the use of peptides and amino acids as energy sources in addition to being used as carbon and nitrogen sources during G. candidum growth can be related to its deaminating activity and was in agreement with the better energy efficiency expected from utilisation of the same substrate as both carbon and energy source. Contrarily, the better efficiency of lactate dissimilation led to its use during stationary state instead of peptides and amino acids. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

清香型白酒生产中白地霉的分离鉴定

从清香型二锅头酿酒车间分离到1株酵母属微生物.经传统形态学分析法结合利用26SrDNA D1/D2区序列对其进行鉴定,鉴定结果为白地霉.该白地霉是酿酒生产中的常见菌种,无酒精发酵力,但能产生良好的清香气味.从其发酵代谢产物中检测出:有机酸4种,酯类20种,醛类8种,醇类15种,芳香族化合物4种,酚类5种,含氮化合物1种.     

酱香大曲中Geotrichum candidum MTBD菌株筛选及发酵产物研究

对从酱香大曲中分离的白地霉菌株Geotrichum candidum MTBD进行了鉴定,并对该菌株的固态发酵和液态条件下产蛋白酶及其产酶条件进行了研究,以及该菌株利用酿酒原料的固态和液态发酵产物分析。结果表明,该菌株能产较高活力的蛋白酶,发酵代谢产物包括酸类、酯类、芳香族化合物、醛酮类、含氮化合物等多种成分,与茅台地区酱香型白酒的风味成分分析结果进行比较分析,结果表明,该菌株也是酱香型白酒生产的主要功能菌株,对提供发酵动力和风味形成具有重要的贡献。     

Differences in hydrolytic abilities of two crude lipases from Geotrichum candidum 4013

The fungus Geotrichum candidum 4013 produces two types of lipases (extracellular and cell‐bound). Both enzymes were tested for their hydrolytic ability to p‐nitrophenyl esters and compounds having a structure similar to the original substrate (triacylglycerols). Higher lipolytic activity of extracellular lipase was observed when triacylglycerols of medium‐ (C12) and long‐ (C18) chain fatty acids were used as substrates. Cell‐bound lipase preferentially hydrolysed trimyristate (C14). The differences in the abilities of these two enzymes to hydrolyse p‐nitrophenyl esters were observed as well. The order of extracellular lipase hydrolysis relation velocity was as follows: p‐nitrophenyl decanoate > p‐nitrophenyl caprylate > p‐nitrophenyl laurate > p‐nitrophenyl palmitate > p‐nitrophenyl stearate. The cell‐bound lipase indicates preference for p‐nitrophenyl palmitate. The most striking differences in the ratios between the activity of both lipases (extracellular : cell‐bound) towards different fatty acid methyl esters were 2.2 towards methyl hexanoate and 0.46 towards methyl stearate (C18). The Michaelis constant (K_m) and maximum reaction rate (V_max) for p‐nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis of cell‐bound lipase were significantly higher (K_m 2.462 mM and V_max 0.210 U/g/min) than those of extracellular lipase (K_m 0.406 mM and V_max 0.006 U/g/min). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Enzymatic and molecular characteristics of Geotrichum candidum strains as a starter culture for malting

Geotrichum candidum yeasts are proposed as a starter culture during malting. They have a double positive effect on the process. They eliminate the fungal pathogenic microflora and improve the technological properties of the finished product, malt. Among published research little or no information can be found considering the biosynthesis of hydrolytic enzymes. Most of the data is related to the production of lipases, proteases and cellulases. This paper examines the enzymology of a number of G. candidum strains. The main focus within the evaluation process was placed on whole cell barley grain cultivation. Hydrolase, which is present in cell wall degradation, was found at a satisfactory level. All tested strains produced both β‐1,3‐glucanases and β‐1,4‐glucanases capable of hydrolysing barley β‐glucan and reducing the amount of this polysaccharide in the wort. Molecular analysis of the tested strains with the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism–polymerase chain reaction and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA confirmed not only the species affiliation, but also the genetic similarity between the tested strains. Copyright © 2014 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

在小麦淀粉废水中培养白地霉的研究

将白地霉分别培养在液化及液化后再糖化的小麦淀粉废水中，对培养过程中的降糖，生物量，蛋白酶和糖化酶活力，所态氮，ｐＨ值的变化进行了研究。结果表明：在液化后再糖化的小麦淀粉废水中，白地霉能良好生长，生物量得率高。同时对白地霉在糖化淀粉废水中生长的动力学进行了初步研究。