Robust AVS audio watermarking

Part Ⅲ of AVS (China Audio and Video Coding Standard) is the first generic audio standard proposed in China and is becoming popular in some applications. For MP3 audio, some effiorts have been made to solve the copyright pirating and malicious modifications by the way of watermarking. To our best knowledge, similar work on the AVS audio has not been explored. In this paper, we present a novel robust watermarking algorithm for AVS audio. We find that the frame type in the AVS coded process can be used as a r...     

音频水印算法复杂性评估

数字水印技术具有鲁棒性、透明性、复杂性等特性,大部分文献对水印评估的阐述都是集中在鲁棒性上,实际上复杂性评估在数字水印评估领域也是非常重要的.因此,主要是针对数字音频水印算法嵌入函数的复杂性进行评估.给出了基本方案评估的概念,选取了两种典型的音频水印算法,应用此方案评估标准对算法进行评估,并同时论述了应用到基本方案上的嵌入参数和音频检验集.给出了两种算法复杂性评估的结果并将结果进行比较.     

Robust audio watermarking in the time domain

The audio watermarking method proposed in this paper offers copyright protection to an audio signal by time domain processing. The strength of audio signal modifications is limited by the necessity to produce an output signal that is perceptually similar to the original one. The watermarking method presented here does not require the use of the original signal for watermark detection. The watermark signal is generated using a key, i.e., a single number known only to the copyright owner. Watermark embedding depends on the audio signal amplitude and frequency in a way that minimizes the audibility of the watermark signal. The embedded watermark is robust to common audio signal manipulations like MPEG audio coding, cropping, time shifting, filtering, resampling, and requantization     

Centroid-based semi-fragile audio watermarking in hybrid domain

Many previous (semi-) fragile audio watermarking schemes adopt binary images as watermarks, which reduce the security of watermarking systems. On the other hand, the content-based or feature-based second generation digital watermarking has limited applicability, and its partial feature points may be damaged by watermarking operations and various common signal processing. To overcome these problems, in this paper, a novel centroid-based semi-fragile audio watermarking scheme in hybrid domain is proposed. The...     

Log-scaling magnitude modulated watermarking scheme

A real-time watermarking scheme with high robustness and security has been proposed based on modulating the log-scaling magnitudes of DCT coefficients, which is most suitable for JPEG images and MPEG streams. The watermark bit is encoded as the sign of the difference between the individual log-scaling magnitude of a group-region and the average one of all group-regions. The log-scaling magnitude can be modulated by modifying the low and middle frequency DCT coefficients imperceptibly. The robustness of scheme is not only dependent on those largest coefficients, but also on the other coefficients with the same proportion. It can embed 512 bits into an image with a size of 512×512, which can satisfy the payload requirement of most video watermarking applications. Moreover, the watermark embedding process only requires one-sixth of the time consumed during normal playing of video, and the watermark detection only requires one-twelfth of that, which can meet the real-time requirements of most video watermarking applications. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the presented scheme is transparent and robust to significant valumetric distortions (including additive noise, low-pass filtering, lossy compression and valumetric scaling) and a part of geometric distortions. It performs much better than the EMW algorithm in resisting all kinds of distortions except Gaussian noise with a larger deviation.     

改进的DCT域音频水印算法

水印的稳健性、透明性是影响水印鲁棒性的重要指标。大多数的DCT(discrete cosine transform)域音频水印算法是通过量化系数的方法嵌入水印,但是算法选取的嵌入策略、嵌入强度和嵌入位置不能达到一个满意的效果。针对这些不足,提出一种改进的DCT域量化算法。采用数据分段后隔段嵌入的嵌入策略,可以明显地改善水印的透明性;根据所分段的段能量和,采取分等级的方式确定嵌入强度,这样减少了计算复杂度;嵌入时选取高、中、低频3个系数重复嵌入;最后采用三次样条插值方法进行攻击恢复数据量。对该算法进行了Matlab仿真,通过主观和客观标准的评价,实验结果表明了该算法具有更好的稳健性和透明性。     

基于音频特征的半脆弱水印方案

提出了一个基于语音特征和均值量化的DWT域半脆弱音频数字水印方案.该方案对语音特征进行提取得到梅勒频率倒谱系数(MFCC),对其进行turbo纠错编码,通过均值量化把该编码作为水印嵌入到载体语音中.实验分析结果表明,该方案既对音频的一般操作有较强的鲁棒性,又对篡改音频操作有很强的敏感性,同时水印提取不需要额外的水印信号,准确度高.     

Norm ratio-based audio watermarking scheme in DWT domain

In order to reach a balance between robustness, imperceptibility, and data payload, a novel blind audio watermarking scheme is proposed using the norm ratio of approximate coefficients in discrete wavelet domain (DWT). A chaotic sequence generated by Tent map is used to encrypt the watermark image and enhance the security of watermarking system. Firstly the original audio signal is segmented into non-overlapping frames and DWT is applied to each frame. Then, the approximate components are divided into two parts, and the norm ratio is calculated and modulated to embed the watermarks. Finally, the approximate components are scaled by optimizing the quality of the watermarked audio. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme is robust against different common attacks, such as noise addition, resampling, re-quantization, MP3 compression and amplitude scaling. The comparison analysis shows that the proposed scheme has high data payload and provides superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art watermarking schemes.     

Efficient SVD-based audio watermarking technique in FRT domain

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper presents an audio watermarking technique based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and fractional Fourier transform (FRT). The basic idea of this...     

增强鲁棒性的音频水印算法

提出了一种基于离散小波变换的数字音频水印盲检算法.算法选择在小波系数中嵌入水印,将同步化位元码引入到音频水印的研究中,针对切割或插入额外音频段的攻击有较好的抵抗能力,并且通过重复地将水印嵌入到音频信号中,增强了鲁棒性,提取水印时不需要原始音频信号.实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的鲁棒性和不可听见性.     

A perceptible watermarking algorithm for audio signals

This paper proposes an unconventional method for removable audible watermarking system based on the requirements of a promising application .Given an audio file, the system makes some part of file available for preview and perceptual watermarking on the remaining portion. The watermark is embedded into selected DCT coefficients of host audio signal so that the signal to noise ratio is maintained at a level which is audibly annoying to human auditory system. An issue that arises here is generating huge number of copies of the audio file which are audibly similar and numerically different. Once the audio file is decoded using the secret key a new watermark is embedded in the audio that is perceptually transparent to the human auditory system. Hence this double watermarking i.e. imperceptible and perceptible watermarking provides a novel prototype for digital right management control. The subjective quality tests and robustness tests indicate that the audio quality is excellent and is robust to signal processing attacks.     

Robust and efficient content-based digital audio watermarking

This paper proposes a set of digital watermarking schemes for WAV audio, WAV-table synthesis audio and compressed audio. The watermark embedding scheme is closely related to audio content and based on the human auditory system. The experimental results in listening and robustness illustrate that the proposed watermarking schemes can achieve an optimal balance between audibility and robustness of the watermarked audio. The proposed methods are also very useful and effective for copyright protection, tracing illegal distribution and other applications.     

Time-spread echo method for digital audio watermarking

Conventional watermarking techniques based on echo hiding provide many benefits, but also have several disadvantages, for example, a lenient decoding process, weakness against multiple encoding attacks, etc. In this paper, to improve the weak points of conventional echo hiding, we propose a time-spread echo as an alternative to the single echo in conventional echo hiding. Spreading an echo in the time domain is achieved by using pseudonoise (PN) sequences. By spreading the echo, the amplitude of each echo can be reduced, i.e., the energy of each echo becomes small, so that the distortion induced by watermarking is imperceptible to humans while the decoding performance of the embedded watermarks is better maintained as compared with the case of conventional echo hiding, as shown by computer simulations, in which several parameters, such as the amplitude and length of PN sequences and analysis window length, were varied. Robustness against typical signal processing was also evaluated in these simulations and showed fair performance. Results of a listening test using some pieces of music showed good imperceptibility.     

Robust patchwork-based watermarking method for stereo audio signals

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper presents a patchwork-based watermarking method for stereo audio signals, which exploits the similarity of the two sound channels of stereo signals....     

Robust audio watermarking using improved TS echo hiding

A novel and content based improved time spread echo hiding method (ITS) is presented. The system decoder relies upon distinguishing a watermarked bit based on a correlation amount quantity and also the echo kernel embeds the watermark bit into the whole signal. The presented system is cepstral content based in which the original signal cepstral portion of error at the decoder is removed and thus the performance of the decoder detection rate is improved considerably. Experimental results show the good results for the system robustness against the common signal processing attacks through calculating error detection rates in comparison with conventional echo hiding methods. Also good results were obtained for watermark inaudibility through mean opinion test (MOS) test and SNR value comparisons.     

A context-aware mobile application framework using audio watermarking

Multimedia Systems - In this paper, we propose a proximity-based indoor positioning system which is capable of monitoring mobile device user’s indoor locations where the commonly used GPS...     

基于支持向量机的半脆弱数字音频水印算法

提出了一种基于支持向量机的半脆弱数字音频水印算法.该算法不但可以容忍一定程度的常规信号处理操作,而且可以检测出对多媒体数据的恶意篡改并定位篡改区域.具有以下特点:充分利用多级置乱技术及支持向量机技术准确定位篡改区域,在篡改定位过程中,无需原始水印参与;利用水印的归一化相关系数,可进行完整性认证并给出篡改程度的度量.实验结果表明,该算法计算简单,有很好的抗裁剪性能,同时对篡改的定位也很精确.