两种冷却方式下双相钢2205堆焊层性能分析

采用药芯焊丝CO_2气保焊(FCAW)在低碳钢表面堆焊一层双相不锈钢表层,分析了水冷和空冷冷却方式对双相钢堆焊层的力学性能、耐腐蚀性能以及铁素体-奥氏体(α-γ)两相组织的影响。结果表明,水冷和空冷冷却方式对堆焊层的力学性能无显著影响;水冷时堆焊层铁素体含量为45.17%,比空冷更接近两相平衡,其显微组织为块状铁素体和沿晶界或亚晶界分布的针状奥氏体;水冷时堆焊层具有更优异的耐腐蚀性能,平均腐蚀速率为0.488 mm/a。     

强规范条件下CO_2焊飞溅产生机理的研究

本文采用自制的 CO_2焊电流波形微机控制系统、微机数据采集分析系统等先进手段,对强规范条件下的 CO_2焊飞溅生成机理等问题进行研究,得出了初步规律。实验研究分析结果表明,瞬间短路与再引燃时的电弧冲击是强规范条件下 CO_2焊飞溅的主要产生原因。研究还表明,在短路过渡开始瞬间及结束后瞬间施加电流负脉冲能明显减少 CO_2焊飞溅。     

二氧化碳气体保护焊应用现状及展望

通过对CO_2气体保护焊优缺点的分析,懂得如何在实际工作中运用其优点克服其缺点。阐述国内外CO_2气体保护焊实心焊丝的应用现状,重点分析制约我国二氧化碳气体保护焊发展的主要因素。     

不锈钢堆焊过渡区显微组织对氢致剥离的影响

通过一系列电解充氢试验比较了不同焊后热处理条件对不锈钢堆焊层氢致剥离的影响。结果显示,提高焊后热处理参数,熔合线堆焊层侧增碳层宽度增加,氢致剥离的倾向也增大。利用金相显微镜和微区分析的手段,研究了不锈钢堆焊层过渡区显微组织及其对堆焊层氢致剥离的影响。研究表明,经过焊后热处理,堆焊过渡区中碳、铬元素均有迁移。在氯致剥离裂纹产生的区域,碳和合金元素分布发生突变。     

浅谈CO_2气体保护焊产生飞溅的原因及控制措施

CO_2气体保护焊因其生产率高、成本低、焊接质量高适应范围广、操作方便等优点,因而被广泛的应用于车辆、船舶和机械制造业等。但采用CO_2气体保护焊时容易产生较大的飞溅,这对焊接过程的稳定性及焊接质量有着极大的影响。因此,从CO_2气体保护焊产生飞溅的原因入手进行分析从而提出减少飞溅的措施。     

气门密封面两种熔焊工艺焊层的组织、性能比较

对真空高频熔焊和等离子堆焊两种工艺下成型的汽车发动机Co-Cr-W合金气门密封面焊层进行分析比较.结果表明:二种堆焊工艺合金焊层都与基体形成良好冶金结合,等离子堆焊的细小树枝晶组织比真空高频感应焊层等轴晶组织细密;550 ℃下在RFT-Ⅲ型高温磨损试验机上等离子焊层耐磨性优于真空高频感应焊层;在10%HNO3水溶液20 h腐蚀试验中,等离子焊层的耐腐性能比高频感应焊层好.等离子堆焊比真空高频熔焊更适合汽车发动机气门密封面表面处理.     

氢气加CO_2代替氩弧焊试验成功

这种焊接方法与氩孤焊相类似,在氩气的外图借定型喷嘴构成一定厚度的CO_2气体保护层,利用CO_2加Ar的混合气体保护焊时,熔化金属不与空气接触,设备如图1,焊接情况如图2。     

TiC-VC耐磨堆焊焊条

利用药皮中的石墨、钛铁、钒铁、金红石等组分,通过电弧冶金反应生成了具有高显微硬度的TiC、VC等碳化物,探讨了焊条药皮组分石墨、钛铁、钒铁等的含量对焊条工艺性、抗裂性及堆焊层硬度的影响,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜（SEM）和电子探针（EMPA）对堆焊层显微组织,TiC、VC等碳化物的分布以及断口形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明,堆焊层组织为低碳马氏体＋残余奥氏体＋碳化物,碳化物极弥散分布在低碳马氏体基体上,断口为准解理断裂;堆焊层具有较高塑韧性,焊前不预热,焊后不缓冷连续堆焊不产生裂纹;堆焊层硬度达到HRC55以上,具有高的耐磨性,相对耐磨性优于D667焊条。     

耐磨堆焊板焊接冷却方式对其机械性能的影响

耐磨堆焊板焊接过程中有水冷和空冷两种方式，水冷设备使母材温度降低，大规范焊接使母材稀释率增大，虽获得了较高的熔敷速度和较小的焊后变形，但堆焊板的熔合区合金元素多，含碳量较高，在焊接骤冷后机械性能降低，造成堆焊层受冲击时产生局部脱落，进而影响耐磨板使用寿命。空冷设备堆焊板焊后变形较大，焊接熔敷速度稍低，但母材稀释率较低，熔合区合金元素较少，耐磨板的机械性能优于水冷堆焊设备耐磨板。     

焊接方法对10Ni5CrMoV钢接头疲劳性能的影响

针对屈服强度为785MPa级别的10Ni5CrMoV钢,分别采用焊条手工焊、气体保护焊和埋弧焊三种方法在其表面堆焊单层焊并设计成板状疲劳试样,研究三种焊接方法对10Ni5CrMoV钢接头疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:对于堆焊单层焊道试样,焊址处应力集中程度对疲劳启裂寿命起主要作用,随应力集中程度的增大,疲劳启裂寿命减小。焊条手工焊、埋弧焊和气体保护焊三种焊接方法中,气体保护焊焊趾处应力集中程度最大,疲劳启裂寿命最低;焊条手工焊焊趾处应力集中程度最小,疲劳启裂寿命最高。     

等离子-MIG焊在有色金属焊接中的应用研究现状及展望

随着复合焊接成为焊接领域的热点,等离子-MIG焊作为一种高能量束流的焊接方法得到了广泛的研究,等离子-MIG焊具备阴极雾化的功能,有利于清理金属表面的氧化膜,对有色金属焊接有独特的优势。介绍了同轴式和旁轴式等离子-MIG焊的工作原理及优缺点,从数值模拟、控制与监测方法、工艺参数研究3个方面对等离子-MIG焊在有色金属焊接中的应用研究现状进行了分析。分析结果表明,等离子-MIG焊在铝合金材料焊接中研究进展显著,已经能够实现高质量的焊接,并开展了在镁、铜等其他有色金属焊接方面的研究,取得了一定的效果。最后对等离子-MIG焊的应用前景和发展方向进行了展望,等离子MIG焊在双电弧耦合机理、多物理场的协同工作、系统稳定性等方面还有待深入研究。     

Acquisition and pattern recognition of spectrum information of welding metal transfer

With the creation of a pattern recognition system for metal transfer mode, this article has collected five kinds of spectrum signals in gas metal arc welding (MIG, MAG and CO₂) and take them as training samples. These samples have been pretreated by computer, several key characteristic parameters of the spectrum signal have been creatively extracted, and a corresponding recognition function and a minimum-distance-classifier have been constructed. The results show that the pattern recognition of several kinds of metal transfer modes for the metal gas arc welding can be done successfully, and relative important parameters in welding process, such as the frequency of droplet transfer and the approximate diameter of each droplet, can also be obtained.     

金属基复合材料焊接技术及其发展动向

本文参阅了大量外文文献，对国外在金属基复合材料焊接技术上的研究现状及其发展动向作了综述与评价，主要讨论了熔化焊、扩散焊、钎焊、瞬时液相焊、电阻焊及电容储能点焊在复合材料焊接应用中目前所存在的问题及相应的解决措施。特别对瞬时液相焊作了重要介绍与推荐。     

焊接位置对激光-电弧复合焊接底部驼峰的影响

目的 通过改变焊接位置来抑制底部驼峰的形成进而降低生产成本。方法 使用高速摄像机观察平向焊接和横向焊接2种不同焊接位置下熔池的匙孔和底部驼峰的形成过程,并对底部凸起受到的金属蒸气反冲压力、熔融金属重力以及表面张力进行受力分析。结果 在S355J2W耐候钢的激光-电弧复合焊接平焊过程中,受金属蒸气反冲作用力的影响,熔融金属迅速从匙孔底部排出,流入匙孔底部凸起区域,底部凸起的增长速度极快,仅需7.5 ms即可形成大尺寸的驼峰。而在横向焊接中,匙孔前壁凸起数量减少,导致金属蒸气反冲压力减小,匙孔排出的熔融金属量减少,底部凸起的增速减缓,在13.6 ms时才达到最大高度,使驼峰在底部熔池凝固之前难以形成。结论 采用横向焊接的方式可以有效避免驼峰的产生,降低生产成本。同时,该方式在焊缝背部成形效果方面也表现良好,为优化焊接工艺提供了重要参考。     

Microstructures and properties of titanium–copper lap welded joints by cold metal transfer technology

Cold metal transfer (CMT) welding has been successfully used to weld dissimilar metals widely. However, a few investigations were carried out on the lap welding of commercially pure titanium TA2 to pure copper T2 with ERCuNiAl copper wire by CMT technique. In this paper, the affected mechanism of lapped location between the two metals on the microstructure and tensile shear strength of joints was revealed. The results indicated that satisfactory lapped joints between commercially pure titanium TA2 and pure copper T2 could be achieved by CMT welding method. A layer of intermetallic compounds (IMCs), i.e. Ti₂Cu, TiCu and AlCu₂Ti presented in titanium-weld interface, and the weld metal was composed of α-Cu solid solution and Ti–Cu–Al–Ni–Fe multi-phase. The two joints had almost same tensile shear strength, 192.5–197.5 N/mm, and fractured in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of Cu with plastic fracture mode during tensile shear tests.     

Improvement of Weld Quality Using a Weaving Beam in Laser Welding

This paper describes a way to improve the weld quality through suppressing the porosity formation and restraining the growth of columnar grains by using a weaving beam in laser welding. The experimental results show that the N2 porosity of beam-weaving laser welding low carbon steel can be remarkably reduced with increasing weaving frequency, and porosity can be eliminated when the weaving amplitude is only 0.5 mm; and the Ar porosity in the weld metal is decreased with increasing weaving frequency and amplitude when the welding speed is higher than 0.5 m/min. The beam-weaving laser welding of ultra-fine grained steel has been investigated. The experimental results show that beam-weaving laser welding with appropriate amplitude and frequency can partly restrain the growth of the columnar grain and improve the tensile strength of the weld metal.     

A study on mechanical and microstructure characteristics of the STS304L butt joints using hybrid CO2 laser-gas metal arc welding

In order to examine mechanical characteristics of the stainless steel (STS304L) hybrid welded butt joints, two-dimensional thermal elasto-plastic analysis has been carried out. To this end, a 2D simulation model has been developed considering hybrid welding features. Based on thermal history data obtained from this heat source model, the residual stress distribution in weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM) characteristics have been calculated and found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimentally measured values. In order to investigate the effect of welding process, thermal elasto-plastic behaviour of the hybrid welded joints was compared with a welded joints obtained by conventional submerged arc welding (SAW) process. The results show that the longitudinal residual stress in the hybrid welded joints is less (13–15%) than that of the SA welded joints. Weld metal formed in both welding processes shows very fine dendritic structure. Due to higher heat input in SAW, the HAZ size of the SA welded joints is more than twice that of the hybrid welded joints. Therefore, from mechanical and metallurgical point of view, it could be confirmed that it makes a good sense to use SAW instead of hybrid CO₂ laser-gas metal arc welding (GMAW) for butt joint of the STS304L thick steel.     

复合板基层厚度对激光焊接头腐蚀性能的影响

目的通过探索基层金属厚度对复合板激光穿透焊接的影响规律,分析其影响度与焊接速度、激光功率的差别,为双金属复合材料激光穿透焊接提供更多的技术支撑。方法以焊接速度、激光功率和基层金属厚度为变量,设计了三因素三水平的正交实验,对X65/DSS2205层状双金属复合材料进行激光穿透焊接实验,对不同焊接条件下接头的显微组织进行观察分析,采用EDS面扫方法对焊缝复层区进行成分扫描,测量接头复层侧动电位极化曲线,并比较了基层金属厚度的影响度较焊接速度与激光功率的大小。结果双金属复合板激光穿透焊接接头显微组织在厚度方向存在明显的分层;基层金属厚度为1.2 mm时,复层贵金属元素保留量最大;随着基层金属厚度的减小,接头综合耐腐蚀性能提高;基层金属厚度对接头耐腐蚀性能的影响小于焊接速度和激光功率2个变量;焊接速度为2.5 m/min,激光功率为3500 W,基层金属厚度为0.8 mm时,接头耐腐蚀性能最优。结论基层金属厚度对于复合板激光穿透焊接接头的焊缝复层元素含量、以及接头复层一侧耐腐蚀性能都有较为明显的影响,但相比于焊接速度与激光功率,其影响度相对较小,因此在进行复合板激光穿透焊接时,在选定基层金属厚度后,仍要对焊接速度和激光功率进行优化工艺设计。     

工艺参数对Al-Mg异种金属搅拌摩擦焊-钎焊复合焊接接头力学性能的影响

目的研究工艺参数对Al-Mg异种金属搅拌摩擦焊-钎焊复合焊接接头力学性能的影响。方法采用搅拌摩擦焊-钎焊方法,在不同焊接工艺参数下焊接2A12-T4铝合金和AZ31镁合金。结果当焊接速度为23.5mm/min、旋转速度为375 r/min时,焊接接头的抗拉剪力达到最大,为5.5 kN,比搅拌摩擦焊接头的最大抗拉剪力的5.0 kN提高了10%。结论搅拌摩擦焊-钎焊复合焊接的工艺参数会显著影响铝/镁异种金属接头力学性能,通过优化工艺参数能够获得力学性能优异的铝/镁异种金属焊接接头。复合焊接接头的抗拉剪力随着焊接速度的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。     

碳钢钢带308L药芯焊丝的增碳问题

采用天津三英焊业有限责任公司首次研制成功的碳钢钢带 30 8L超低碳不锈钢药芯焊丝 ,围绕药芯焊丝的增碳问题做了大量试验。试验结果证明 ,对于任何一种焊接方法 ,碳的氧化和还原反应在焊接过程中都是同时存在的。熔敷金属中的含碳量与焊接材料中的含碳量相比是增加还是减少 ,取决于焊接材料含碳量的多少和氧化性的强弱。对于药芯焊丝 ,增碳的门槛值在 0 .0 5%左右