聚电解质的吸附性能

聚电解质的吸附性能对于它的应用来说是十分重要的。本文就溶剂ｐＨ、离子强度及表面电荷（电性、电荷密度）等因素对聚电解质、聚两性电解质在带电或不带电表面吸附量的影响进行了综述。     

湿部化学系统中无机盐对纤维素纤维吸附CPAM的影响

白水循环导致湿部化学系统中无机盐的积累,回用时影响纤维与阳离子助剂的吸附。在无盐条件下,纤维吸附CPAM符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,是一种单分子层吸附,纤维吸附CPAM的过程即是纤维表面逐渐被CPAM分子覆盖的过程。本文采用三种无机盐模拟了其对湿部化学系统的影响。研究表明三种无机盐对纤维吸附CPAM的影响不同,随Na2SO4浓度的增加,CPAM的吸附量增大,当Na2SO4浓度超过一定值时,CPAM的吸附量开始下降。高电荷密度的CPAM2能适应更高浓度的无机盐环境。二价的Mg2+和Ca2+则会与纤维上的羧基、酚羟基发生络合吸附,占据了CPAM吸附到纤维上的作用点,导致CPAM分子不易吸附到纤维上,吸附量下降。     

聚电解质的吸附性能

聚电解质的吸附性能对于它的应用来说是十分重要的。本文就溶液pH、离子强度及表面电荷（电性、电荷密度）等因素对聚电解质、聚两性电解质在带电或不带电表面吸附县的影响进行了综述。     

胍盐类抗菌剂聚电解质复合物及其在纸浆纤维上的吸附

探究阳离子胍盐类抗菌剂与阴离子聚电解质(羧甲基纤维素钠)的自组装过程和影响因素,对聚电解质复合物的自组装过程进行了表征,并研究聚电解质复合物在纸浆纤维上的吸附过程。结果表明:胍盐类抗菌剂与羧甲基纤维素钠混合时,可以通过静电相互作用而形成具有纳微米尺寸微球结构的聚电解质复合物;同时,聚电解质复合物LBL膜表面形貌中的复合物粒子随自组装过程进行而有所不同,LBL膜表面粗糙度随着膜层数的增加变化趋势与羧甲基纤维素钠的分子量有关;当向纸浆纤维中加入聚电解质复合物时,胍盐类抗菌剂在纤维上的吸附量远高于只加入胍盐类抗菌剂时的吸附量。     

羧甲基纤维素改性纤维对微粒絮聚体系效率的影响

在阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）/膨润土絮聚体系中,研究了羧甲基纤维素（CMC）改性纤维对沉淀碳酸钙（PCC）沉积和脱水过程的影响。结果表明,在最初加入CPAM时,用10mg/g的CMC改性纤维会减少PCC的沉积量;当CPAM加入量为2mg/g时,PCC的沉积效果较好。研究还发现,在较低的CPAM加入量下,PCC在未经CMC改性纤维中的沉积率较高。膨润土的加入量（对经40mg/gCMC改性后的纤维）为0.5mg/g时,PCC的沉积率达到最大值继而稳定。这表明,高表面电荷和CMC在纤维表面的构象会导致CPAM和膨润土微粒之间的相互作用改变。脱水实验的结果表明,CMC改性会延长浆料的滤水时间,因为浆张变得更致密。高的CPAM和膨润土加入量可以抵消这些不利影响。此外,脱水作用也受到CMC和CPAM质量比的影响。本实验的研究没有在最佳CMC和CPAM质量比下进行,是在较低CPAM加入量下进行的。因此,纤维表面含有CMC时,化学品不恰当的质量比会引起浆料滤水时间的延长,因为在较高的CPAM加入量下没有观察到CMC对浆料滤水时间的影响。     

聚电解质层间自组装对OCC浆强度及纤维表面性能的影响

研究CPAM/CMC两种聚电解质层间自组装对废旧瓦楞纸(OCC)浆强度性能的影响,对层间自组装过程中浆料的Zeta电位变化进行了测试,并借助扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对吸附聚电解质的OCC纤维表面进行了分析。结果表明,CPAM/CMC自组装对纸页的增强效果较好,裂断长、耐折度及环压指数分别提高了82.82%、550.00%、92.88%,浆料滤水时间减少,滤水性能明显改善。浆料Zeta电位随聚电解质自组装层数的增加而不断变化,表明纤维表面自组装过程源于阳离子和阴离子聚电解质的静电作用力。SEM、FT-IR表征显示,纤维表面确实吸附有聚电解质复合物。     

双元体系下细小纤维-碳酸钙共絮聚的研究

以杨木P-RC APMP为原料,对其进行筛分,并对P-RC APMP细小纤维与碳酸钙进行共絮聚,研究了CPAM/膨润土微粒助留体系下,不同的CPAM添加量、膨润土用量及剪切力对细小纤维-碳酸钙共絮聚的影响;结果表明:随着CPAM用量的增加,细小纤维-碳酸钙絮聚团的表面负电荷与浆料的Zeta电位绝对值都在不断减小,细小组分的留着率在不断增大;随着膨润土用量的增加,共絮聚团的平均弦长在不断增大,细小组分的留着在不断增大;随着剪切力的增大,细小纤维-碳酸钙絮聚团的尺寸在不断减小。     

生物酶处理麦草浆对湿部电荷特性的影响

采用各种生物酶对漂白麦草浆进行处理,研究酶处理后麦草浆纤维特性及浆料湿部电荷特性的变化.另外研究了酶处理浆对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺吸附特性的影响.结果表明,经过生物酶处理后的浆料,纤维的平均长度稍有增加,细小纤维含量明显降低,浆中溶解电荷及Zeta电位、聚电解质的吸附量及纸页强度均有降低但变化不大.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺与膨润土对细小纤维-碳酸钙共絮聚的影响

以杨木P-RC APMP浆为原料进行筛分,将细小纤维与碳酸钙进行共絮聚,研究在CPAM/膨润土微粒助留体系中,不同CPAM添加量对细小纤维-碳酸钙共絮聚团和浆料的电性、共絮聚团大小、细小组分留着性能以及膨润土添加量对共絮聚团大小、分布及细小组分留着的影响。结果表明:随着CPAM用量的增加,细小纤维-碳酸钙絮聚团的表面负电荷与浆料的Zeta电位绝对值都在不断减小,细小组分的留着率在不断提高;随着膨润土用量的增加,共絮聚团的平均弦长在不断增大,细小组分的留着在不断增大。     

CPAM／膨润土体系下细小纤维-碳酸钙共絮聚机理及强度的研究

以杨木P-RC APMP为原料,对其进行筛分,并对P-RC APMP细小纤维与轻质碳酸钙进行共絮聚,研究了CPAM／膨润土微粒助留体系下,不同的CPAM添加量、膨润土用量及剪切力对细小纤维-碳酸钙共絮聚的影响;结果表明：随着CPAM用量的增加,细小纤维-轻质碳酸钙絮聚团的表面负电荷与浆料的Zeta电位绝对值都不断减小,细小组分的留着率不断增大;随着膨润土用量的增加,共絮聚团的平均弦长不断增大,细小组分的留着不断增大;随着剪切力的增大,细小纤维-轻质碳酸钙絮聚团的尺寸不断减小。     

Effects of pretreatment methods on health-related functional properties of high dietary fibre powder from lime residues

Epidemiological studies have revealed that consumption of dietary fibre (DF) leads to many health benefits. Lime residues, which are by-products obtained after juice extraction, were used as raw material to produce DF powder. The residues are high in DF and possess a good balance between insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and soluble dietary fibre (SDF). To process lime residues into value added products, some treatments prior to drying are required to reduce the bitterness, and this may affect the functional and nutritional properties of DF powder. This study investigated the effects of pretreatment methods of blanching, blanching-ethanol soaking (95% v/v for 30 min) and particle size reduction (38–450 μm) on selected health related functional and nutritional properties of DF from lime residues. The lime residues were dried at 60 °C before grinding. The functional and nutritional properties of interest included glucose adsorption capacity (GAC), glucose retardation index (GRI) and bile acid retardation index (BRI). The results show that DF powder prepared either by blanching or blanching followed by ethanol soaking prior to drying exhibited higher GRI and BRI. The pretreatments, however, did not affect the GAC. DF powder with smaller sizes also possessed higher GRI and BRI. The DF product with particle size in the range of 38–63 μm, and pretreated by blanching and ethanol soaking exhibited the highest GRI and BRI among all samples studied.     

Outlast腈纶纤维的耐化学试剂性研究

探讨Outlast腈纶纤维的耐酸碱试剂性.将纤维在不同浓度、不同温度、不同时间的酸碱试剂下进行处理并测试其力学性能.研究结果表明:Outlast腈纶纤维有稳定的耐酸碱试剂性;浓度、温度和时间三因素都影响Outlast腈纶纤维力学性能,随着这三者量的增加纤维的断裂强力和断裂伸长均减小.     

Enzymes as a Processing Aid in the Separation of Wheat Flour into Starch and Gluten

A pilot system for the separation of wheat flour into starch and gluten was used to study the effect of four enzyme preparations as processing aids. Technical enzyme preparations with hemicellulase, cellulase or protease activities appear to improve gluten yield, protein recovery in gluten and gluten coagulation in a flour with intermediate processing properties. With these enzymes similar results were obtained compared to a flour with good processing properties without the use of enzymes. The use of enzymes did not adversely affect protein content, baking quality and rheological properties of the gluten. The proportion of soluble proteins, however, increased when the protease was used. The yield of starch was slightly increased by the action of the cellulase and hemicellulase, but was significantly decreased with the protease. Starch purity as determined by its protein content was not affected. Based on these results it is concluded that some cellulases and hemicellulases can act as important processing aids for gluten/ starch separation.     

丝素涂膜高仿真丝绸的研究

利用天然蚕丝废料制备的丝素蛋白水溶液涂覆在涤纶纤维表面，协助偶联剂和手感调节剂的化学作用，形成与涤纶纤维牢固结合的丝素膜、通过大小样涂覆工艺、性能测试和临床试穿，探讨了丝素涂膜机理、涂膜材料及添加剂选用、影响涂膜牢度和性能的因素等，获得采用丝素涂膜高新技术开发的具有舒适、保健卫生功能的高仿真丝绸产品。     

亚麻粗纱染色生产工艺探讨

根据亚麻纤维特性、产地、号数的不同，对粗纱煮漂工艺的设计、控制以及去除杂质、色素等前处理工艺进行了讨论，同时对提高活性染料的染色质量，减少色差、锅差，增加匀染性及受控染色工艺中助剂染料的选择做了详细的描述。     

Agave sisalana,a biosorbent for the adsorption of Reactive Red 120 from aqueous solution

The textile industry is one of the largest producers of dye effluent. Treatment of these effluents has to be cost effective hence a number of precursors have been studied as a viable alternative adsorbent. Sisal fibre was converted to activated carbon by chemical methods. Sisal fibre was activated with different activating agents such as H₃PO₄, HCl, HNO₃, NaOH and KOH. The adsorption of Reactive Red 120 (RR 120) dye onto sisal fibre activated carbon (SFAC) from aqueous solution was investigated. Adsorption experiments were carried out at different dye concentrations, initial solution pH and carbon dosage. Batch adsorption studies were carried out using activated carbon produced using phosphoric acid yielded better carbon as it good results in terms of Methylene Blue number and Iodine number. These carbons were used to study the batch adsorption studies. Methylene Blue number and Iodine number of SFAC were found to be 240 mg/g and 855 mg/g, respectively. The BET surface area of the carbon was 885 m²/g. The batch experiments adsorption isotherm studies fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption capacity was found to be 110 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics data were tested using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption data followed a pseudo-second-order reaction.     

燕麦渣中的不溶性膳食纤维对NO2-吸附作用研究

从燕麦麸废渣原料中提取水不溶性膳食纤维,并用它对亚硝酸根离子进行了初步吸附实验,结果显示,燕麦渣水不溶性膳食纤维对亚硝酸根离子有较强的吸附能力。     

牛奶蛋白纤维染色动力学和热力学研究

选用提纯的弱酸性艳红10B对牛奶蛋白纤维染色,并与羊毛、大豆蛋白纤维进行比较,绘制上染速率曲线和吸附等温线.通过测定牛奶蛋白纤维的染色热力学(亲和力、染色热、染色熵)以及动力学(扩散系数D、半染时间t1/2、染色速率常数K)数据,说明牛奶蛋白纤维的染色性能.研究结果表明,70 ℃和90 ℃时初染率都以牛奶蛋白纤维为最,大豆蛋白纤维次之,羊毛最小;70 ℃时牛奶蛋白纤维的半染时间最短;牛奶蛋白纤维90 ℃上染速率曲线先升后降,主要原因是染料的解析;提纯的弱酸性艳红10B在牛奶蛋白纤维上的吸附属于Nernst分配型吸附,大豆蛋白纤维趋向于Langmuir型,而羊毛的吸附等温线类型比较复杂.     

Modal纤维织物服用舒适性探讨

Modal纤维是一种新型的高湿模量再生纤维素纤维,属于环保生态型纤维。通过对Modal纤维织物的吸湿性、透湿性和透气性的测试及分析,认为Modal纤维极适合于夏季服装面料的开发。     

高度支化聚合物及其在造纸助留中的应用

介绍了高度支化聚合物的分类、结构特征、制备方法及应用情况，简述了高度支化聚合物在造纸助留方面的应用。