黑龙江省生物医药产业专利战略研究

生物制药业因其高投入、高风险、高回报的产业特点,对技术的依赖性很强,发达国家的生物制药业因大量的技术支持和成熟的专利战略的运用取得了巨大成功。黑龙江省生物制药业应以国家和企业的专利战略为重点,以行业专利战略为主线,建立知识产权联盟,切实实施好保护模仿创新、建立技术标准、利用国际公约等战略战术,促进该行业的长发展。     

航空企业战略联盟的知识管理模型

为了研究知识管理在航空企业战略联盟中的运用,从全球化经济的发展趋势出发,分析我国航空企业战略联盟的知识分类及行业发展对现代航空企业战略联盟知识管理的要求,建立了适应我国航空企业战略联盟的知识管理模型,针对影响我国航空企业战略联盟知识管理有效运行的因素给出了对策和建议,提出应始终保持知识管理敲略、联盟技术能力与环境的动态平衡.     

我国生物制药现状和对策的探讨

随着生命科学技术的飞速发展.生物制药技术也日新月异.详细描述我国生物制药的现状,分析其存在问题,并探讨生物制药的对策.     

为生物制药带来革命性变化 访GE通用电气生命科学部产品经理徐景辉博士

我国生物制药在上游研发技术方面与世界先进水平相差不大，但下游技术却差得较远，传统的医药生产模式不能适应生物制药的需求，由于生物制药从概念研发到完全商业化的概率极低，使用灵活、低成本、可重组的生产平台是快速重组现有生产线进行生产的关键。目前，一次性使用技术正为生物制药带来革命性变化，针对其优势、成本及适用范围等问题，本刊记者采访了GE通用电气生命科学部产品经理徐景辉博士。     

我国生物制药产业研发与生产技术现状

本文较为简略的介绍了我国生物制药产业现状和我国生物制药产业与国际的差距以及我国生物制药产业的发展趋势,详细叙述了我国生物制药产业的发展实力和我国生物制药产业,还简单分析了我国生物制药与欧美的差距在拉大的原因。     

生物制药工程大家谈

我国的生物制药上游研发技术与世界先进水平相差不大，然而下游生产技术却差距明显，传统药品生产模式已不能适应生物制药的需求。由于生物制药项目往往耗资巨大，项目初期设计应注意哪些关键点？如何更好地优化生产工艺，实现高效生产？一次性使用技术是否会为生物制药带来革命性变化……这些问题是业内关注的焦点。本期“生物制药”专刊特设置了“生物制药工程大家谈”栏目，     

我国企业战略管理研究

随着市场竞争的日益激烈,顾客需求的不断变化,科学技术的迅速发展,企业的生存与发展正面临着越来越严峻的挑战。实行战略管理是企业在复杂多变的经营环境中获得持续竞争优势的根本途径,而且,随着经济全球化市场国际化进程的加快,我国企业必须而且应该在世界范围内与跨国公司进行国际竞争,这就要求我国企业必须根据外部环境及其变化趋势,结合自身内部资源条件,正确制定企业竞争战略,从而获得持续竞争优势。本文在从战略制定、战略实施、战略管理三个方面分析了我国企业战略管理存在的问题,并就如何完善我国企业战略管理提出了对策。     

生物制药中的冷冻干燥技术

随着我国生物技术的迅速发展,冻干技术在生物制药行业的应用越来越广泛,本文介绍了冻干设备的结构及功能、冻干过程及冻干主要工序洁净要求及工艺流程方框图等,供参考.     

首钢矿业走向集约化

粗放型管理与集约化管理,体现出截然不同的管理境界.首钢矿业公司在实施建设"一流的矿业,开放的矿山"的发展战略中,积极开发利用自动控制技术、计算机网络技术和信息化技术,推动大工业生产和企业经营管理由粗放型走向集约化,提升了管理境界和企业素质.     

实施战略成本管理应注意的若干问题

近年来,随着经济的发展和竞争压力的增强,企业面临日益激烈的市场竞争,为了提高自身的竞争实力,确立竞争优势,引入了战略成本管理的理念。战略成本管理是对传统成本管理的改进,其优点在于将成本管理的技术与方法与战略管理思想相结合,注重企业整体的战略规划。但是,在具体实施战略成本管理思想的过程中,必须注意与企业的实际相结合,树立成本管理的观念,加强知识资本、人力资本、企业文化、非生产成本等多方面的管理,是战略成本管理达到良好的效果,为企业长期发展增添实力。     

Foreign Subsidiaries and Technology Sourcing in Spain

Firms acquire external technological knowledge via different channels. In this paper, we compare the technology sourcing of foreign subsidiaries and domestic firms looking at domestic R&D outsourcing, international R&D outsourcing, domestic cooperation for innovation and international cooperation for innovation. We use data from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel for the years 2005–2009 for 10,206 innovative firms operating in Spain. We apply a multivariate probit specification which allows for systematic correlations among the different choices. The results show that the different technology sourcing choices are interdependent and that foreign subsidiaries show a different pattern of external technology sourcing. Compared to affiliated domestic companies, foreign subsidiaries show a smaller propensity for external technology sourcing via R&D outsourcing from independent firms in the host country, for international R&D outsourcing and for international cooperation for innovation. In contrast, foreign subsidiaries show a greater propensity for domestic cooperation for innovation. However, foreign subsidiaries are not a homogenous group in this respect.     

Determinants of internal and external R&D offshoring: evidence from Spanish firms

This paper analyses the determinants of R&D offshoring of Spanish firms using information from the Panel of Technological Innovation. We find that being an exporter, international technological cooperation, continuous R&D engagement, applying for patents, being a foreign subsidiary, and firm size are factors that positively affect the decision to offshore R&D. In addition, we find that a lack of financing is an obstacle relatively more important for independent firms than for firms that belong to business groups. For these latter, we also obtain that the factors that influence the decision to offshore R&D differ depending on whether the firm purchases the R&D services within the group or through the market: a higher degree of importance assigned to internal sources of information for innovation as compared to market sources increases (decreases) the probability of R&D offshoring only through the group (market).     

工业企业R&D能力的审计

在建立企业R&D能力审计指标体系的基础上 ,对北京地区工业企业进行了抽样调查 ,并对高绩效企业与低绩效企业、优势企业与非优势企业以及高标企业与优势企业分别进行了R&D能力审计。研究结果表明 ,第一 ,企业运用特有的R&D能力进行创新产品的开发是决定企业创新绩效的重要源泉 ;第二 ,企业R&D能力与企业市场竞争地位之间存在着正相关关系 ;第三 ,我国工业企业在R&D方面普遍存在能力不足 ,有很大的能力差距空间需要去弥补。最后提出了企业增强R&D能力可采取的措施。     

R&;D market value under weak intellectual property rights protection: the case of India

The relationship between R&D and market value has attracted the interest of many scholars within different fields, but scant attention has been paid to the countries with weak protection of intellectual property rights (IPR). This is unfortunate, since this problem is potentially highly relevant for IPR policy in developing countries. In particular, several questions arise when the problem of R&D market value is analyzed in a country where IPR protection is weak. First, there are concerns regarding incentives (i.e., private returns) for firms to invest in R&D when IPR is only weakly protected. Second, significant differences could emerge in the market valuation of R&D investments of domestic and foreign firms, above all in those industries where spillovers are more likely. To examine these issues, this paper investigates the market valuation of R&D investments of a panel of 219 R&D-reporting domestic and foreign firms publicly traded in India with an empirical analysis. First, the market valuation of the R&D capital for the whole sample is positive and higher than those obtained in U.S. or European countries from similar analyses. Second, in the sub-samples of the domestic and foreign firms, the market value of R&D investments of foreign firms is not significantly different from zero, while the valuation coefficient of domestic firms is four times higher than that obtained on the whole sample. Third, in science-based industries the difference between domestic and foreign firms is smaller than in the other industries. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.     

Fusion of technology management and financing management - Amazon's transformative endeavor by orchestrating techno-financing systems

Amazon became the world R&D leader in 2017 by rapidly increasing R&D investment. Its R&D investment in 2017 was double that of 2015, 5 times that of 2012, and 10 times that of 2011. This rapid increase continued in 2018, and Amazon accomplished a skyrocketing increase in its market capitalization, closing to being the world's biggest company.Such a rapid increase in R&D and subsequent market value has raised questions about how to conduct R&D and secure a large amount of funds needed for high-risk investments. Amazon has provided hypothetical answers to both of these questions.Amazon has been conducting innovative R&D to transform routine or periodic alterations into significant improvements during the R&D process and claiming huge expenses for such transformation activities as expenses for R&D.The company's ample free cash flow generated by sophisticated cash conversion cycle (CCC) management endorsed a large amount of investment for such a high-risk strategy.Increased R&D induced business advancement and lean cost structure construction leading to a further increase in cash flow has stimulated interactions between vendors, customers, and Amazon via the Amazon marketplace. Activated interaction-accelerated CCC advancement, a subsequent free cash flow increase, and user-driven innovation have thus simultaneously accelerated R&D transformation.All of these components - R&D transformation and technopreneurial strategy consisting of technology management, as well as marketplace development and CCC-driven cash flow generation consisting of financing management - function together as a consolidated sophisticated machine. Thus, Amazon has succeeded in fusing technology management and financing management by orchestrating all techno-financing systems.In light of increasing concerns regarding R&D expansion without the dilemma of a productivity decline that most digital economies are now confronting, this paper demonstrates the above hypothetical answers.Following the authors' preceding analysis of Amazon's unique technology management toward a new concept of R&D in the digital economy, an intensive empirical analysis focusing on the development trajectory of Amazon's techno-financing system over the last two decades was conducted.An insightful suggestion as to neo-open innovation that fuses technology management and financing management is thus provided.     

影响我国企业自主创新的内部因素分析

分析了企业家精神、科技人才、内部激励机制、组织结构、知识产权管理以及产权结构等内部因素对于我国企业自主创新活动的影响作用,并结合了河南近200家企业的问卷调研结果.实证表明企业家精神不足和高科技人才缺乏是我国企业自主创新实施的最大障碍.     

Approaching the technological innovation frontier: evidence from Chinese SOEs

This paper studies how large State-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China are approaching the technological innovation frontier and contributes to the literature on technological catching up and leapfrogging by identifying three models or strategies of approaching the innovation frontier. In addition to the well-recognised technology transfer based strategy, pursuing emerging technologies and reinventing mature technology could also be effective, with reinventing mature technology as the most important strategy. The paper also finds that strong internal R&D capability, rather than manufacturing capability as suggested by the extant literature, is the basis of all three models. This also implies that making big organisational transformations such as changing a technology transfer centred R&D function to a proprietary technology development centred R&D function, changing a manufacturing centred culture to an innovation centred culture, and reshaping the innovation network, is an important precondition to approach the innovation frontier.     

Heterogeneous Partners,R&D cooperation and corporate innovation capability: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms

In this paper, we examine the differential impact of cooperation with heterogeneous partners on firms' innovation capabilities. We use the number of joint patent applications of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2008 to 2018 to measure cooperation with different types of partners and the number of corporate patents to measure the innovation capability of firms. The results indicate that R&D cooperation with other enterprises, universities, and research institutions all have a significantly positive impact on the innovation capability of enterprises. However, R&D cooperation with universities or research institutions has a higher positive impact on innovation capability than that with other firms. Different internal and external factors moderate the relationship between heterogeneous partners and the innovation capability of firms. Specifically, firms with higher absorptive capacity will benefit more from R&D cooperation with corporate partners. In contrast, in industries with higher market concentration or where firms are at the technological frontier, cooperation with universities will positively impact their innovation capabilities. Further research demonstrates that absorptive capacity has a more positive moderating effect when the cooperation is between firms in the same industry, compared to R&D cooperation between firms in different industries.     

政府研发补贴与企业创新投入:数量激励抑或质量导向?

如何有效发挥政府“有形之手”对企业创新的激励作用,优化公共资源配置效率,是实施创新驱动战略和推动经济高质量发展的关键一环。基于2001-2017年中国非金融类A股上市公司面板数据,用研发投资衡量创新投入数量,用专利产出衡量创新投入转化质量,从理论上分析政府研发补贴对企业创新投入数量和投入转化质量的作用机制,并采用固定效应模型、联立方程模型等进行实证检验。结果发现:第一,政府研发补贴能够显著提高企业研发投资额,表明政府补贴对企业创新投入存在数量激励,同时,企业研发投资对专利产出具有显著正向影响,增加创新投入资金数量是确保投入转化质量的必要非充分条件;第二,在控制内生性后,政府研发补贴对企业专利产出具有不显著负向影响,表明政府研发补贴未能形成创新投入质量导向;第三,在政府干预程度较低、法治水平较好的情况下,政府研发补贴能够同时提升企业研发投资与专利产出,证实寻租行为、逆向选择行为和缺乏政府监管等是政府补贴无法有效发挥投入质量导向作用的潜在原因。     

Optimal R&D investments of the firm

This paper examines irreversible decisions on innovative activities where it takes time to complete an R&D project. The total amount of R&D investments that the firm needs to undertake in order to obtain the breakthrough in the innovation process is uncertain. R&D investments are limited by the restriction that they must be self-financed. It is shown that R&D investments are more valuable when the level of uncertainty is large. Especially, it is very attractive to undertake R&D investments if a project faces many uncertainties during its early phases. Furthermore we study how R&D behavior is influenced by different levels of the discount rate and the financing limit. Moreover, the effects of R&D subsidies, spillover benefits and a payoff that decreases over time are analyzed. Received: 9 October 1997 / Accepted: 19 March 1998