60Si2Mn冷拔珠光体钢丝快速球化退火工艺

通过对60Si2Mn冷拔珠光体钢丝进行快速球化退火处理,即将其加热到810℃奥氏体化,保温1.5 min后随炉冷却至500℃出炉空冷,研究了其力学性能、球化效果、球化时间和快速球化的机理,并与普通球化退火及等温球化退火这两种常用球化退火工艺进行了对比.结果表明,与两种常用球化退火工艺相比,快速球化退火显著缩短了退火时间...     

退火工艺对D2钢组织与性能的影响

研究了不同球化温度、不同等温时间下,预冷球化退火以及常规球化退火后D2钢的组织性能变化,并对其组织中合金元素分布进行了分析。结果表明：预冷球化退火在显著缩短球化退火时间的前提下,保证了退火工艺对组织性能及碳化物球化程度的要求;最优的预冷球化退火工艺为试样在860℃保温15 min,水冷至400℃,立即在730℃保温60~90 min,最后出炉空冷。     

SCM435贝氏体冷镦钢盘条的开发

SCM435冷镦钢中强碳化物形成元素的加入降低了碳原子的扩散速率,造成球化退火时间较长。通过控制轧制温度和轧后冷却工艺,可以获得以贝氏体为主的相变组织,在随后的球化退火过程中能够实现基体组织快速球化。通过试验对比,球化退火时间可缩短约50%,球化后获得均匀细小的球化体,满足客户对材料冷镦性能要求,并达到节能减排的目的。     

GCr15球化退火行为和力学性能的研究

采用等温球化退火和周期球化退火工艺分别研究了常规轧制（CR）和控轧控冷（TMCP）的GCr15钢的球化退火行为和力学性能。结果表明,轧制工艺对GCr15钢组织影响显著;在等温球化退火处理制度下常规轧制（CR）和控轧控冷（TMCP）试样球化效果差别较小;在周期球化退火处理制度下,控轧控冷（TMCP）试样可获得细小均匀的球化组织,其球化效果明显优于常规轧制（CR）试样,且球化退火时间比宝钢特钢现行的等温球化退火工艺缩短了6 h,可显著提高生产效率。     

周期球化退火对GCr15轴承钢组织及力学性能的影响

采用组织观察和力学性能测定,研究了周期球化退火工艺对GCr15轴承钢球化组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,球化退火处理的周期数与试验钢的显微组织及力学性能间存在明显的依存关系,经过3周期球化退火工艺处理后,钢的显微组织均匀,渗碳体颗粒比较细小,具有较高的强度、良好的翅性和加工成形性,可大幅度缩短球化退火时间,显著提高生产效率.     

Cr12钢电脉冲球化退火热处理工艺参数的优化

采用正交实验法对Cr12钢进行脉冲球化退火研究,找出了Cr12钢在脉冲电场作用下理想的球化退火工艺参数,并进行了相应的新工艺实验,得到Cr12钢较理想的球化组织,同时降低了Cr12钢的退火加热温度,缩短了保温时间,其硬度可比常规等温球化退火低60HBS左右,更好地改善了Cr12钢的切削加工性能.     

GCr15轴承钢大圆材的球化退火工艺

针对GCr15轴承钢大圆材球化合格率低和沿钢材横截面球化不均等问题,进行了快速和等温球化退火工艺试验。结果表明,采用等温球化退火工艺,并适当减少奥氏体化保温时间至14 h,降低球化珠光体转变温度至680 ℃、延长保温时间至25 h,能够显著提高轴承钢大圆材球化合格率,同时可以获得从钢材中心到边缘较为均匀细小弥散分布的球化组织。     

盾构刀具用5Cr5MoSiV1钢的球化退火工艺研究

研究了盾构刀具用5Cr5MoSiV1钢的球化退火工艺,讨论了加热温度和保温时间对碳化物颗粒的数量、大小、形态分布及退火硬度的影响。结果表明,随加热温度的上升,碳化物颗粒数量逐渐减少,粒径逐渐增大,颗粒趋于圆整化且分布更加均匀,同时硬度逐渐降低。随保温时间的延长,其对碳化物的球化及退火硬度的影响与加热温度的影响类似。对于5Cr5MoSiV1钢来说,900℃×4 h为最佳球化退火工艺。     

轴承管加热制度的改进

采用热轧后快冷到200～400℃→再加热至临界温度定径(或减径)→空冷的工艺生产ШХ15轴承钢管,钢管的球化退火时间显著缩短,球化后钢管的性能超过ГОСТ800-78标准要求。     

75钢温锻加速球化退火及其应用

本文研究75钢温锻加速球化退火的工艺,对不同温锻温度、形变量对温锻态、退火态的组织结构和硬度的影响进行了试验。由亚结构的变化探讨了温锻加速球化退火的机理,同时进行了产品应用试验。结果表明,75钢温锻使球化退火时间缩短约3/4以上,提高生产率、节约能源、经济效益显著,易于在生产上实施,值得推广。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。