平面塑性变形的剪切变形线

基于平面塑性变形的特点，提出了平面剪切变形线的概念，从而为塑性理论平面问题补充了一个新概念。剪切变形线作为平面塑性变形的一个基本物理特征，使得平面应变问题和平面应力问题的特征理论有了统一的物理解释。     

吴川-四会断裂带大王山花岗岩早期韧性变形特征

大王山剪切带内出现一系列规模不等的糜棱岩条带,广泛发育S面理和C面理,还出现一系列次级拉伸折劈理、剪切条带和不对称小褶纹。剪切带中的石英、云母等基质矿物以塑性变形为主,出现动态重结晶、亚晶、波状消光等显微构造。长石主要以破裂和香肠化为主,出现粒内的张裂隙和肿缩构造。石英和长石存在明显的流变学差异。通过构造和显微构造特征判定,大王山剪切带为右旋剪切带。吴川-四会断裂曾经历过右旋韧性剪切作用。     

Characterization of plastic flow in two Zr-based bulk metallic glasses

1 Introduction Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have attracted a great attention due to their excellent properties, such as high strength, good wear resistance, excellent elasticity and easily forming in viscous state. However, structural applications are currently limited by the lack of macroscopic plasticity at room temperature, characterized by strain-softening which results in the formation of intense localized shear bands. Fracture typically occurs after very small plastic strain in compress…     

W丝／Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be-Co非晶基复合材料的制备与塑性变形

采用渗流铸造方法制备了W丝／Zr—Ti—Cu—Ni—Be—Co非晶基复合材料，研究了复合材料的变形方式及其机理。结果表明：W丝／Zr—Ti—Cu—Ni—Be—Co非晶基复合材料在准静态压缩条件下表现出很高的塑性和断裂能，与纯非晶相比提高超过十倍。随着W丝体积分数的增加，复合材料的变形方式由剪切滑移转变为W丝的弯曲和劈裂。W丝对非晶基体单一剪切带滑移的阻碍，促进多重剪切带的产生和扩展是复合材料产生大量塑性变形的微观机理。     

Undrained response of reconstituted clay to cyclic pure principal stress rotation

A series of monotonic and rotational shearing tests are carried out on reconstituted clay using a hollow cylinder apparatus under undrained condition. In the rotational shearing tests, the principal stress axes rotate cyclically with the magnitudes of the principal stresses keeping constant. The anisotropy of the reconstituted clay is analyzed from the monotonic shearing tests. Obvious pore pressure is induced by the principal stress rotation alone even with shear stress q0=5 k Pa. Strain components also accumulate with increasing the number of cycles and increases suddenly at the onset of failure. The deviatoric shear strain of 7.5% can be taken as the failure criterion for clay subjected to the pure cyclic principal stress rotation. The intermediate principal stress parameter b plays a significant role in the development of pore pressure and strain. Specimens are weakened by cyclic rotational shearing as the shear modulus decreases with increasing the number of cycles, and the shear modulus reduces more quickly with larger b. Clear deviation between the directions of the principal plastic strain increment and the principal stress is observed during pure principal stress rotation. Both the coaxial and non-coaxial plastic mechanisms should be taken into consideration to simulate the deformation behavior of clay under pure principal stress rotation. The mechanism of the soil response to the pure principal stress rotation is discussed based on the experimental observations.     

Room temperature plastic deformation behavior of ZrCuNiAl bulk metallic glasses

The Zr62.55Cu17.55Ni9.9Al10 bulk metallic glass (BMG) was prepared by using copper-mold suction-casting. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine its structure and thermal stability. Uniaxial compression and Rockwell indenta-tion tests were adopted to study the plastic deformation behavior at room temperature. The results show that the glass transition temperature and the onset temperature of exothermic reaction of the BMG are 651.5 and 748 K, respectively. During the compression test, the BMGs undergo an engineering strain of about 2.5%, i.e., true strain of 2.8%, and then fracture. The BMGs deform via the formation and propagation of shear bands. Under indentation loading, the BMGs deform through the formation of radiation-like and circular shear bands. The circular shear bands form earlier than the radiation-like ones. The formation mechanism of shear bands in the BMGs was analyzed and discussed.     

Adiabatic shear localization evolution for steel based on the Johnson-Cook model and gradient-dependent plasticity

Gradient-dependent plasticity is introduced into the phenomenological Johnson-Cook model to study the effects of strainhardening, strain rate sensitivity, thermal-softening, and microstructure. The microstructural effect （interactions and interplay among microstructures） due to heterogeneity of texture plays an important role in the process of development or evolution of an adiabatic shear band with a certain thickness depending on the grain diameter. The distributed plastic shear strain and deformation in the shear band are derived and depend on the critical plastic shear strain corresponding to the peak flow shear stress, the coordinate or position, the internal length parameter, and the average plastic shear strain or the flow shear stress. The critical plastic shear strain, the distributed plastic shear strain, and deformation in the shear band are numerically predicted for a kind of steel deformed at a constant shear strain rate. Beyond the peak shear stress, the local plastic shear strain in the shear band is highly nonuniform and the local plastic shear deformation in the band is highly nonlinear. Shear localization is more apparent with the increase of the average plastic shear strain. The calculated distributions of the local plastic shear strain and deformation agree with the previous numerical and experimental results.     

YT01低能量多碰塑性变形研究

为研究碰撞能对金属材料多碰塑性变形的影响,在实验室用自制的凸轮机械式多碰试验机对YT01试样进行了低能量多碰试验,采用坐标网格法、SEM、金相显微镜等方法研究了不同碰撞能对试样的塑性变形率、显微组织结构的影响.实验结果表明:峰值冲击应力不变时,多冲碰撞能量越大,试样累积塑性变形量也越大;随着碰撞次数的增加,试样塑性变形率减小并趋于平缓,塑性变形终止于距冲击表面69 mm处;256 000次碰撞后,试样显微组织细化,晶粒界增多.金属材料多冲碰撞塑性变形不仅与峰值冲击碰撞应力有关,也与冲击碰撞能有关.     

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior and Adiabatic Shear Bands of Ultrafine Grained Pure Zirconium

Dynamic compression tests were carried out to investigate dynamic mechanical behavior and adiabatic shear bands in ultrafine grained(UFG) pure zirconium prepared by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) and rotary swaying. The cylindrical specimens were deformed dynamically on the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) at different strain rates of 800 to 4 000s~(-1) at room temperature. The temperature distribution of the shear bands was estimated on the basis of temperature rise of uniform plastic deformation stage and thermal diffusion effect. The results show that the true stress-true strain curves of UFG pure zirconium are concave upward trend of strain in range of 0.02-0.16 due to the effects of strain hardening, strain rate hardening and thermal softening. The formation of the adiabatic shear bands is the main reason of UFG pure zirconium failure. A large number of micro-voids are observed in the adiabatic shear bands, and the macroscopic cracks develop from the micro-voids coalescence. The fracture surface of UFG pure zirconium exhibits quasi cleavage fracture with the characteristic features of shear dimples and river pattern. The highest temperature within the shear bands of UFG pure zirconium is about 592 K.     

线性软化土体中球孔扩张问题的解析解

采用三折线线性软化模型描述了土体应力－应变关系，以Mohr-Coulomb为屈服准则，同时考虑塑性区弹性变形、土体剪胀以及土体软化的特性，推导了孔扩张后孔周各个区域的应力、应变及位移解析解，讨论了剪胀角、应变软化系数、是否考虑塑性区弹性变形对解答结果的影响.结果表明，最终扩张压力、塑性区半径都随剪胀角的增大而增大；软化系数对塑性区半径影响很小，但对最终扩张压力影响较大，随着软化系数的增大，最终扩张压力增大；考虑塑性区弹性变形对扩张问题解答的影响随扩张半径的增大越趋明显；考虑塑性区的弹性变形，最终扩孔压力偏小.     

Numerical study on deformation and failure of reinforced sand

In order to investigate the deformation and failure of reinforced sand, and the reinforcing mechanism of flexible and rigid reinforcement, a set of plane strain compression tests of dense Toyoura reinforced sand with planar reinforcement of a wide range of stiffness were analysed by a nonlinear finite element method. The analysis was incorporated into an energy-based elasto-plastic constitutive model for sand to develop a stress path-independent workhardening parameter based on the modified plastic strain energy concept. Numerical results indicate that the global stress-strain relations of sand specimens are reinforced by using relatively flexible and rigid reinforcement, and an unreinforced sand specimen can be reasonably simulated by the current finite element method. It is also found that the reinforcing mechanism and progressive failure with a development of shear bands in reinforced sand can be reasonably examined by the finite element method.     

主应力轴旋转对压实黄土动残余变形的影响

通过对DTC-199型周期扭转荷载三轴仪的简单改造,研究了主应力轴旋转对压实黄土在周期动荷载作用下轴向残余变形和动剪切残余变形的影响.结果表明:随着初始主应力方向角的增大,轴向残余变形由压缩状态的正值逐渐过渡到伸长状态的负值.振动次数对剪切残余变形影响较大,剪切变形随振次的增多而增加,且随初始主应力方向角的增大呈现增大...     

Deformation Analysis and Stability Evaluation of the Main Shaft at Jinchuan Mine No.3

Unexpected,serious deformation failures have occurred during construction of a main shaft. A study of con-struction parameters of the main shaft is required. First,the stability of the shaft and wall-rock is investigated by nu-merical methods. The modeling results are as follows: The convergence of shaft liner is greater than 60 mm at a depth of 650 m; the maximum principal stress in the liner approaches 190 MPa,which exceeds the strength of the liner,so it is inevitable that the liner deform locally. Second,stability analysis of shafts with different liner thicknesses has been completed. The results have the following features: If the depth where the liner thickness is increases from 400 mm to 500 mm is 650 meters,the convergence deformation of the liner is reduced by 3.4 mm while the maximum principal stress is reduced by 5 MPa. At a depth of 250 m if the liner thickness is increased from 400 mm to 500 mm the conver-gence of the liner is reduced by 1.5 mm while the maximum principal stress is reduced by 10 MPa. Therefore,increasing the liner thickness has little effect on liner convergence but can reduce the maximum principal stress in the liner. The thickness of the liner can be increased to reduce the maximum principal stress and increase the capacity for shear defor-mation. Finally,construction techniques employing releasing-displacements have been numerically simulated. The con-clusions are that as the releasing displacement is increased the convergence of the surrounding rock increases linearly while the convergence of the lining decreases linearly. The plastic zone in the surrounding rock mass at first increases linearly but then,at a release-displacement of 95 mm,expands rapidly. These conclusions show that use of suitable re-leasing displacement can increase the self-supporting capacity of the surrounding rock. But when the releasing dis-placement exceeds 95 mm the plastic zone rapidly enlarges and stability rapidly decreases. The maximum principal stress of the lining also decreases as the release-displacement increases. There is a definite inflection point in the rela-tionships involving releasing displacement. When the releasing displacement passes this point the effect on principal stress decreases. In conclusion,a reasonable releasing displacement value when lining the shaft is 95 mm.     

轧制塑性变形对Zr_（65）Al_（7.5）Cu_（12.5）Ni_（10）Ag_5非晶合金力学性能的影响

采用维氏显微硬度仪、扫描电子显微镜对铸态、轧制态Zr_（65）Al_（7.5）Cu_（12.5）Ni_（10）Ag_5非晶合金的硬度及剪切带形貌进行了研究,并对轧制变形量与合金的力学性能之间的关系进行了分析。结果发现,在室温轧制条件下,该合金最大变形量达到了95%;铸态试样的半圆形剪切带规律、平滑,随着轧制变形量的增加剪切带形貌变得越来越混乱,合金的硬度总体呈下降趋势。     

双环形件塑性成形数值模拟研究

目的　研究各种因素对双环形件塑性成形时金属流动的影响． 方法　用ＭＡＲＣ／ＡｕｔｏＦｏｒｇｅ 软件对其进行了数值模拟． 结果　确定了毛坯形状、摩擦系数、变形程度及圆角半径对双环形件塑性成形的影响． 结论　该数值模拟结果可对双环形件塑性成形工艺制订及模具结构优化提供科学依据     

Instability criterion for the system composed of elastic beam and strain-softening pillar based on gradient-dependent plasticity

A mechanical model is proposed for the system of elastic beam and strain-softening pillar where strain localization is initiated at peak shear stress. To obtain the plastic deformation of the pillar due to the shear slips of multiple shear bands, the pillar is divided into several narrow slices where compressive deformation is treated as uniformity. In the light of the compatibility condition of deformation, the total compressive displacement of the pillar is equal to the displacement of the beam in the middle span. An instability criterion is derived analytically based on the energy principle using a known size of localization band according to gradientdependent plasticity. The main advantage of the present model is that the effects of the constitutive parameters of rock and the geometrical size of structure are reflected in the criterion. The condition that the derivative of distributed load with respect to the deflection of the beam in the middle span is less than zero is not only equivalent to, but also even more concise in form than the instability criterion. To study the influences of constitutive parameters and geometrical size on stability, some examples are presented.     

Analysis of complete plasticity assumption for solid circular shaft under pure torsion and calculation of shear stress

The distribution of shear stress on the cross-section of plastic metal solid circular shaft under pure torsion yielding,the applicability of complete plastic model assumption and the shear stress formula were researched.Based on the shear stress formula of circular shaft under pure torsion in elastic stage,the formula of torque in elastic stage and the definition of yield,it is obtained that the yielding stage of plastic metal shaft under pure torsion is only a surface phenomenon of torque-torsion angle rel...     

W丝／Zr基非晶复合材料的压缩变形行为

研究80％W丝／Zr基非晶复合材料在室温下的压缩断裂行为．在准静态压缩条件下,该非晶复合材料以弹性-塑性方式变形,断裂强度和塑性分别达到了2750MPa和35％．w丝对非晶单一剪切带的阻碍,促进多重剪切带的产生和扩展,使复合材料产生大量塑性变形．裂纹在w丝中不同的点同时萌生,随着载荷的增加,在同一直线上的小裂纹最终会逐渐扩展连成一条平行于V~-丝／非晶界面的大裂纹,试样的破坏方式主要是纵向劈裂．     

基于三剪统一强度准则的隧道围岩抗力系数计算

基于三剪统一强度准则对隧道围岩抗力系数进行了分析,并导出了围岩抗力系数的计算公式。在表征岩石的强度和变形特征时采用了三剪统一强度准则以反映中间主应力对岩石强度和变形的影响,在描述隧道围岩塑性区内的应力状态时,采用中间主应力参数法来表达不同岩体可能具有的不同塑性区应力状态。计算实例表明：隧道围岩的中间主应力对隧道围岩抗力系数有影响,考虑中间主应力效应后所得的隧道围岩抗力系数增大。     

Quantitative calculation for the dissipated energy of fault rock burst based on gradient-dependent plasticity

The capacity of energy absorption by fault bands after rock burst was calculated quantitatively according to shear stressshear deformation curves considering the interactions and interplaying among microstructures due to the heterogeneity of strain softening rock materials. The post~peak stiffness of rock specimens subjected to direct shear was derived strictly based on gradientdependent plasticity, which can not be obtained from the classical elastoplastic theory. Analytical solutions for the dissipated energy of rock burst were proposed whether the slope of the post-peak shear stress-shear deformation curve is positive or not. The analytical solutions show that shear stress level, confining pressure, shear strength, brittleness, strain rate and heterogeneity of rock materials have important influence on the dissipated energy. The larger value of the dissipated energy means that the capacity of energy dissipation in the form of shear bands is superior and a lower magnitude of rock burst is expected under the condition of the same work done by external shear force. The possibility of rock burst is reduced for a lower softening modulus or a larger thickness of shear bands.