钛及钛合金注射成型技术

金属注射成型（MIM）法是一种可大量制造三维形状复杂零件的技术，适用于铁、不锈钢、密封合金、软磁材料、高速用和有色金属，应用正不断扩大．钛是一种质轻且耐蚀性好的材料，但由于加工性能差，制造形状复杂军件成本特别高．近年来用MIM法制造钛及钛合金近净形零件，可大幅度降低加工费用．钦的性能受H、0、NC等间隙型杂质元素影响很大，而用MIM法成型时，会残留较高的0、C（在脱除粘结剂时会增民C则是粘结剂分解所致人传统的铁基材料NO和C在真空或氢气中烧结可除去，但在钛中则会残留下来．对6种钛粉末的注射成型产物进行了研究…     

金属注射成形不锈钢

介绍了金属注射成形(MIM)不锈钢的工艺及其性能。其中包括注射成形用不锈钢粉末的制取方法;采用水溶性粘结剂或催化脱粘法制取MIM316L不锈钢的工艺;MIM304L和17-4PH不锈钢的制取工艺及其性能     

钛及钛合金金属粉末注射成形技术的研究进展

钛及钛合金兼具低比重、高比强度、优异的生物相容性和良好的耐腐蚀性,在航空航天、生物医疗、化工、汽车等领域有极大的应用潜力。钛及钛合金金属粉末注射成形技术(metal injection molding,MIM)能够实现中小型复杂形状钛产品的大批量、低成本制备,对于推动钛及钛合金产品的生产及应用具有重要意义。本文介绍了金属粉末注射成形钛及钛合金的特点及优势,从粉末原料、黏结剂体系、粉末注射成形、脱黏和烧结等方面综述了钛及钛合金金属粉末注射成形技术的研究进展,并针对目前存在的主要问题,分析了金属粉末注射成形钛及钛合金的研究方向及发展前景。     

金属注射成形冷作工具钢的超声疲劳性能

用超声疲劳试验研究了金属注射成形(MIM)冷作工具钢和锻轧钢(JIS SKD11)的高周疲劳性能。锻轧钢试样于423K回火1h。另一方面，为了评估回火温度对疲劳性能的影响，将MIM钢试样于不同温度下进行了回火。在N=103～108疲劳寿命范围内进行了超声疲劳试验。MIM钢试样的疲劳强度和锻轧钢试样相同。MIM钢试样的疲劳强度随着回火温度升高而减低。显微组织的观察结果表明，MIM钢试样的碳化物的直径与形状比锻轧钢试样的均一。     

生物医用纯钛的粉末注射成形研究

钛和钛合金由于具有诸如高比强度、低弹性模量、优异的耐腐蚀性以及生物相容性等一系列优良的综合性能,成为目前最有前景的生物医用材料,但是其较差的机加工性能限制了钛材料的应用,尤其是在形状复杂零件中的应用。金属粉末注射成形(MIM)可以实现复杂形状产品的近终成形,这种成形工艺能够大大扩展钛及钛合金的应用范围。利用水溶性注射料进行了力学性能测试试样的制备,通过优化工艺参数,最终获得了相对密度为95.7%的纯钛烧结件,其他主要理化性能如下:氧质量分数0.196%,氮质量分数0.007%,屈服强度403.12 MPa,极限抗拉强度491.33 MPa,伸长率21.4%,除相对密度外其他性能均满足ASTM F2989-13二级纯钛标准。     

金属注射成形粘结剂和喂料流变性能的研究

从理论上分析了金属注射成形喂料和粘结剂的基本流变性能,测定了在不同温度、不同剪切速率下金属注射成形粘结剂和喂料的粘度值。实验结果表明:MIM粘结剂和喂料符合假塑性体的流变行为;制得的Fe-Ni MIM喂料的粘流活化能较小、应变敏感性指数较大,具有良好的注射填充性能。     

金属注射成形材料新版标准即将出版

美国金属粉末工业联合会将出版2 0 0 3年金属注射成形新版标准,新版标准不仅包括更多的有关MIM 17 4PH材料和MIM 4 30不锈钢的性能标准,还增加了牌号为MIM 4 2 0的不锈钢新产品。新版标准还将增加2种新的测试方法,这两种方法分别是:测量金属注射成形材料抗硫酸腐蚀的试验方法和使用比重计测量金属注射成形制品密度的方法。有关金属注射成形材料新试验数据的获得和新标准的起草工作仍在进行中,美国金属注射成形标准委员会已经委托有关实验室对MIM F 15合金的线胀系数、抗拉性能、杨氏模量及泊松比进行了测量,美国金属注射成形标准委员…     

射频等离子体制备球形钛粉及其在粉末注射成形中的应用

采用射频等离子体球化技术对不规则形貌的氢化脱氢(HDH)钛粉进行球化处理,研究了不同载气流量、送粉速率和鞘气流量对钛粉形貌和性能的影响。此外,分别以原始HDH钛粉和球化钛粉为原料进行了粉末注射成形(MIM)试验,研究了烧结样的微观组织及理化性能。研究结果表明:采用射频等离子球化技术制备的球形钛粉的粉末特性较HDH钛粉有较大的提升,在制备过程中送粉速率、载气流量、鞘气流量等因素对粉末球化效果有较大影响,采用球化钛粉制备的MIM产品性能要优于HDH钛粉制备的MIM产品。     

金属粉末注射成形技术发展探究

金属粉末注射成形（Metal powder injection molding,MIM）技术,是一种新型的近净成形技术,主要用来生产形状小、结构复杂的零部件。文章针对MIM技术的发展应用进行探究,综述了MIM工艺流程和技术特点、气雾化粉末与水雾化粉末的对比、MIM技术的应用现状、MIM工艺中的常见问题及解决对策,以期促进MIM技术进一步发展。     

外科植入物用钛合金的表面改性

钛合金作为外科植入物用材料在临床上得到了越来越多的应用。综述了钛合金作为外科植入物的优良性能及国内外在钛合金表面改性方面的发展和研究现状。阐述了表面改性对改善钛合金的耐磨性，耐蚀性和生物学性能方面的重要作用。分析表明：开发新型钛合金和寻求理想的表面改性工艺来获得高质量的涂层或将生物活性相添加到钛合金基体中制备成复合材料是提高钛合金生物学性能的有效途径。     

生物医用Ti6Al4V合金粉末注射成形工艺研究

钛及钛合金具有高比强度、低弹性模量、优良的耐蚀性和绝佳的生物相容性,但较差的加工性能大大限制了其应用范围。钛及钛合金金属粉末注射成形工艺克服了机加工、模压等传统加工工艺的缺点,结合传统粉末冶金和注塑成型的优势,实现了结构复杂的钛及钛合金产品低成本、大批量近净成形,提高了材料利用率。本文利用水溶性黏结剂和粉末粒度为16 μm和22 μm的商用球形Ti6Al4V合金粉制备了注射料和相应的试样,通过实验确定了气氛热脱黏结合真空烧结的最佳工艺,基于该工艺制备得到了两种注射料的烧结试样。结果表明:粉末粒度为16 μm注射料烧结件杂质含量未能满足外科植入用金属注射成形Ti6Al4V组件标准;粉末粒度为22 μm注射料烧结件物理化学性能如下,极限拉伸强度880 MPa,屈服强度830 MPa,延伸率13.2%,相对密度96.8%,氧质量分数为0.195%,氮质量分数为0.020%,碳质量分数为0.022%,该试样整体性能满足外科植入用金属注射成形Ti6Al4V组件标准。     

Evolution of properties of parts during MIM and sintering of recycled oxide particles

Metal injection moulding (MIM) is an established process for high volume production of complex shaped metallic parts using commercially available feedstocks. The characteristics of parts after moulding, debinding, and sintering cannot be simply predictable from raw materials because the properties get altered with the process parameters and the corresponding levels of porosity during processing steps. In this study, physical properties, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the MIM parts have been characterised to understand the evolution of strength during various steps in MIM processing. Feedstocks with different binder loading show a considerable difference in physical as well as mechanical characteristics. During sintering of parts which have solid loading of grinding sludge, simultaneous in situ reduction and densification takes place, whereas only densification occurs in carbonyl iron parts. It is, therefore, possible to make complex shaped parts of different levels of porosity from downgraded shop floor metallic waste.     

生物医用β型Ti-25.6Nb-19.4Ta合金设计与微观结构的研究

利用钛合金β稳定系数Kβ设计制备了4种具有不同组元和成分的医用钛合金,4种钛合金的Kβ值均在1.0～1.5之间,属于理论上的近β型钛合金。通过X射线衍射分析和背散射电子衍射分析,从4种合金中优化出均匀合金化的3元β型医用Ti-25.6Nb-19.4Ta(%,质量分数)合金。利用硬度测试、压缩实验与透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对Ti-25.6Nb-19.4Ta合金在铸态、固溶态和400℃不同时间时效处理后的性能和微观结构进行了测试与分析,结果显示:Ti-25.6Nb-19.4Ta合金经过400℃时效处理后,其硬度、强度、弹性模量等随α相、ω相的析出变化明显。对这些变化的分析,揭示了合金的性能与显微结构的密切关系。     

Ti基大块金属玻璃的研究与应用

阐述了Ti基大块金属玻璃(BMG)的成分设计原则及制备方法，并对Ti基非晶合金及其部分晶化复合材料的力学性能及断裂机理进行了评述。结果表明：Ti基大块金属玻璃具有较高的断裂强度、弹性延伸率及一定的塑性延伸率，而经过部分晶化获得的非晶合金基纳米颗粒复合材料，其室温塑性获得很大的改善。在此基础上探讨了该合金目前所存在的问题、研究热点以及其应用前景。     

Metal injection moulding of low modulus Ti–Nb alloys for biomedical applications

Abstract

Titanium alloys containing β stabilising elements such as Nb, Zr and Ta are particularly promising as implant materials because of their excellent combination of low modulus, high strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. A low elastic modulus is important for implants to avoid stress shielding and associated bone resorption. The difficulty of producing complex shapes of these alloys by conventional methods makes metal injection moulding (MIM) attractive. Ti–17Nb alloy parts with densities 94% of theoretical have been produced by MIM of a feedstock based on blended elemental powders. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a typical α?β Widmanstätten microstructure with a precipitated α phase layer along the grain boundaries. The parts exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of 768 MPa and a plastic elongation of over 5%. The modulus of elasticity, about 84 GPa, is more than 20% lower than that of cp Ti and Ti–6Al–4V.     

Schaeffler-Type Phase Diagram of Ti-Based Alloys

The α(hcp)/β(bcc) phase equilibria of Ti-based multi-component alloys can be described by a Schaeffler-type diagram, where Al and Mo equivalents (Aleq and Moeq) are used. Aleq is thermodynamically defined by the ratio of partial molar free energy changes transfer of one mole of each α forming element and Al from a dilute solution of α to β phases, while Moeq is also deduced by similar thermodynamic quantities of β forming element and Mo. Aleq and Moeq for 40 alloying elements are estimated from the thermodynamic parameters assessed by Kaufman and Murray. It is shown that three types of Ti alloys, i.e., α and near α, α+β, and β alloys, can be exactly classified using Aleq and Moeq. The Ms and β transus temperatures can also be predicted by Aleq and Moeq. The proposed Aleq and Moeq are very useful for alloy design, heat treatment, and microstructural evolution of Ti-based alloys.

     

Metal injection moulding of nickel-based superalloy CM247LC*

Metal injection moulding (MIM) is a promising new production technology for small- to medium-sized parts with high complexity for high-temperature applications like aero engines or turbochargers. This study concerns the feasibility of manufacturing parts from nickel-based superalloy CM247LC via MIM. CM247LC poses a serious challenge for MIM processing. Because of its high aluminium content, the strength potential is very high, but the sintering capability is severely restricted. Differential scanning calorimetry and dilatometry measurements as well as ThermoCalc simulations are used to optimise the sintering step of the MIM process route. Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen contents of the powder and the as-sintered specimens are measured to evaluate the pick-up of impurities during processing. The microstructure of the as-sintered specimens is characterised with respect to residual porosity, grain size, carbide content and γ′ precipitation size and morphology. Ways to further improve the microstructure and strength will be discussed.     

Si元素对Ti基储氢合金电化学性能的影响

为了改善Ti基储氢合金的电化学性能，采用Si元素部分替代Mn元素的方法，分析研究了Ti基储氢合金Ti03Zr0．225V0.25Mn0．25-xNi0.5Six的相结构及电化学性能。结果表明，合金均由六方结构的C14型Laves主相和立方结构的TiNi第二相构成；随着Si元素替代量x的增大，合金的活化性能降低，而循环稳定性得到很大程度的改善。