MA制备GdSiGeDy合金系室温磁制冷性能研究

机械合金化(MA)是一种材料固态非平衡加工新技术.本文主要探讨稀土元素Dy在机械合金化工艺条件下对磁制冷合金GdSiGe磁熵变的影响,发现用机械合金化制备的GdSiGeDy合金系室温磁制冷材料不仅有光滑的磁熵变曲线,而且研究表明,由于元素Dy的加入在磁熵变达到单质Gd的两倍情况下大量减少使用昂贵元素Ge的结果,具有明显经济效益.     

球磨Gd的输运性质和双磁热效应研究

为了研究无序对稀土Gd磁性能的影响，采用机械球磨技术将无序态引入到稀土金属Gd中，并系统研究了其结构、输运性质及磁热效应。无序导致磁化强度急剧降低，室温附近的等温磁熵变为6.4 J·kg^-1·K^-1，低于块体Gd(9.7 J·kg^-1·K^-1)。但同时在33 K出现另一等温磁熵变峰值，该磁熵变与球磨后Gd在低温下出现的团簇冻结有密切关系；在稀土金属中首次观察到欧姆行为的负巨磁电阻效应，该效应主要起源于无序边界区域的自旋相关散射。     

La_(1-x)Pr_xFe_(11.4)Si_(1.6)(x=0.1,0.2,0.3)金属间化合物的晶体结构和磁熵变研究

通过X射线和磁性测量等手段对所制备的金属间化合物La1-xPrxFe11.4Si1.6(x=0.1,0.2,0.3)的结构和磁性进行了研究.结果表明,在1 373 K温度下,经过50 d退火所得的化合物均形成了单相立方NaZn13型结构;部分Pr替代La原子后,会引起晶格畸变;另在外磁为1.5 T时,Pr含量为x=0.1,0.2,0.3时的最大磁熵变|ΔS(T,H)M|max分别为15.06,37.08和15.22 J/kg.K.大的磁熵变来源于TC处磁化强度的陡峭变化和TC以上磁场诱发的巡游电子变磁转变.     

H原子对Gd5Si1.72Ge2.28合金低场磁性能和磁熵变的影响

为了提高Gd5(SixGe1-x)4(0.2<x≤0.5)系合金的居里温度同时保持该类合金的大磁热效应,使用商业蒸馏Gd为原材料,用非自耗电弧炉熔炼出Gd5Si1.72Ge2.28母合金,然后将该合金粉末在贮氢合金用PCT设备上进行吸氢,获得了Gd5Si1.72Ge2.28Hx合金.磁性测量结果表明,H原子的引入,使合金的居里温度从246 K提高到297 K;同时,合金在居里温度附近的最大磁熵变从-7. 6 J*kg-1*K-1下降到-4.2 J*kg-1K-1(0～1.5 T),但与同纯度的Gd相比,Gd5Si1.72Ge2.28Hx合金的磁熵变仍然比Gd的磁熵变(-3.1 J*kg-1*K-1,0～1.5 T)高出35%.     

热处理对Gd_(0.6)Dy_(0.4)Co_2和Gd_(0.6)Dy_(0.4)Co_(1.9)Al_(0.1)合金磁热性能的影响

用真空电弧熔炼炉制备Gd0.6Dy0.4Co2和Gd0.6Dy0.4Co1.9Al0.1合金,在900℃下进行4天、7天的热处理后,对其铸态和热处理态的相结构、居里温度、绝热温变、磁熵变等进行了研究。结果表明:经过7天的热处理后合金晶体结构基本变为单相GdCo2结构。热处理的结果使合金的最大绝热温变值比铸态合金有所升高,磁熵变值比铸态合金提高53.2%和33.1%,居里温度略有降低,说明热处理能有效提高该系列合金的磁热性能。     

三维永久磁铁磁场的标量磁位数值计算

论述了三维永久磁铁磁场的标量磁位有限元计算方法，并通过实例将标量闰方法与矢量磁全方法作了比较，结果表明，在计算精度相同的条件下，标量磁位方法比矢量闰方法耗用较少占用较少的计算机内存。     

多层烧变岩磁异常正常模拟研究

根据烧变岩磁性分布规律和实测磁异常特征，建立了烧变岩地质－地球物理模型。采用归一化方法，以上层烧变岩几何参数为单位，改变下层烧变岩几何参数，对两层烧变岩叠加磁异常进行了正演模拟；分析了两层烧变岩叠加磁异常特征，确定了根据叠加磁异常识别下层烧变岩存在的条件，为实测磁异常反演解释奠定了理论基础。     

静磁波变分计算与磁光Bragg衍射效率的提高

采用变分方法分析了垂直偏置磁场横向不均匀时掺Bi的YIG薄膜中微波静磁正向体波的激发和传播特性。计算了静磁正向体波对导波光的衍射效率,在静磁波的线性激发范围内计算结果与实验符合很好．处理方法可为线性磁光Bragg器件的优化设计提供理论指导．     

巨磁致伸缩材料的磁致伸缩模型与计算

应用在应力作用下的磁致伸缩系数与磁化强度的关系，建立了磁致伸缩的计算模型，结合器件的实际结构，采用有限元方法，计算了磁致伸缩棒在应力作用下的磁致伸缩，计算结果与实验值符合，分析表明，采用该模型得到的计算结果能够较准确地反映材料在工作状态下的磁致伸缩。     

深槽转子变截面齿的磁动势计算

本文介绍异步电动机深槽转子变截面齿的磁动势计算的一种较精确算法，即将齿高细分多段与绘制ｈ２－Ｈ２曲线相结合求平均值的计算方法，并通过算例与通常采用的经验公式算法所得结果进行了比较，证实了本文所述方法的必要性和准确性。     

Influence of Tb substitution on low-field magnetocaloric effect in Gd5Si1.72Ge2.28 alloy

The lattice parameters, magnetic phase transition, Curie temperature and magnetocaloric properties for (Gd1-xTbx)5Si1.72-Ge2.28 alloys with x = 0, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 were investigated by X-ray powder diffractometry and magnetization measurements. The results show that suitable partial substitution of Tb in Gd5Si1.72Ge2.28 compound remains the first-order magnetic-crystallographic transition and enhances the magnetic entropy change, although Tb substitution decreases the Curie temperature (Tc) of the compounds. The magnetic entropy change of (Gd1-xTbx)5Si1.72Ge2.28 alloys retains a large value in the low magnetic field of 1.0 T.The maximum magnetic entropy change for (Gd0.80Tb0.20)5Si1.72Ge2.28 alloy in the magnetic field from 0 to 1.0 T reaches 8.7 J/(kg·K),which is nearly 4 times as large as that of (Gd0.3Dy0.7)5Si4 compound (|△Smax| = 2.24 J/(kg·K), TC = 198 K).     

Entropy Squeezing in the Quantum Heisenberg XY Spin Chains

The time evolution of entropy squeezing for the two-qubit XYZ Heisenberg model in an external uniform magnetic field is investigated in the language of quantum information.The effect of different parameters such as magnetic field and anisotropy parameter on the properties of entropy squeezing and variance squeezing are discussed.It is shown that magnetic field and anisotropy parameter can enhance the entropy squeezing.     

基于小波模极大值的磁瓦裂纹缺陷边缘检测算法

为了准确提取磁瓦表面缺陷的边缘信息,提出一种基于图像加权信息熵和小波模极大值相结合的磁瓦表面裂纹缺陷的边缘检测算法。针对磁瓦表面缺陷对比度低、背景纹理对边缘提取干扰大等特点,设计了一种自适应改变截止频率的BHPF滤波器。利用图像梯度方差加权信息熵对背景纹理的清晰程度和复杂程度进行定量描述,拟合出信息熵同截止频率的非线性函数关系,自适应改变滤波器参数。为避免在多尺度下将缺陷的边缘信息丢失,采用分解尺度判别函数获取小波变换的最优分解尺度。为保证裂纹缺陷边缘连续性和定位准确性,采用双阈值对小波模极大值进行判定求得边界点。实验结果表明,该方法对磁瓦裂纹缺陷边缘的检测优于传统的Canny和Sobel边缘检测算子,可用于磁瓦其他缺陷的提取,为实现缺陷的自动识别奠定了基础。     

The improvement of Clausius entropy and its application in entropy analysis

The defects of Clausius entropy which include a premise of reversible process and a process quantity of heat in its definition are discussed in this paper. Moreover, the heat temperature quotient under reversible conditions, i.e. (δQ/T)_rev, is essentially a process quantity although it is numerically equal to the entropy change. The sum of internal energy temperature quotient and work temperature quotient is defined as the improved form of Clausius entropy and it can be further proved to be a state function. Unlike Clausius entropy, the improved definition consists of system properties without premise just like other state functions, for example, pressure p and enthalpy h, etc. It is unnecessary to invent reversible paths when calculating entropy change for irreversible processes based on the improved form of entropy since it is independent of process. Furthermore, entropy balance equations for internally and externally irreversible processes are deduced respectively based on the concepts of thermal reservoir entropy transfer and system entropy transfer. Finally, some examples are presented to show that the improved definition of Clausius entropy provides a clear concept as well as a convenient method for entropy change calculation. Supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB206901)     

Influence of Tb substitution on low-field magnetocaloric effect in Gd5Si1.72Ge2.28 alloy

The lattice parameters, magnetic phase transition, Curie temperature and magnetocaloric properties for (Gd_1−x Tb _x )₅Si_1.72-Ge_2.28 alloys with x = 0, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 were investigated by X-ray powder diffractometry and magnetization measurements. The results show that suitable partial substitution of Tb in Gd₅Si_1.72Ge_2.28 compound remains the first-order magnetic-crystallographic transition and enhances the magnetic entropy change, although Tb substitution decreases the Curie temperature (T _C) of the compounds. The magnetic entropy change of (Gd_1−x Tb _x )₅Si_1.72Ge_2.28 alloys retains a large value in the low magnetic field of 1.0 T. The maximum magnetic entropy change for (Gd_0.80Tb_0.20)₅Si_1.72Ge_2.28 alloy in the magnetic field from 0 to 1.0 T reaches 8.7 J/(kg·K), which is nearly 4 times as large as that of (Gd_0.3Dy_0.7)₅Si₄ compound (|ΔS _max| = 2.24 J/(kg·K), T _C = 198 K). Foundation item: Project (50371058) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Entransy analyses of the thermodynamic cycle in a turbojet engine

The analysis and the design of turbojet engines are of great importance to the improvement of the system performance.Many researchers focus on these topics,and many important and interesting results have been obtained.In this paper,the thermodynamic cycle in a turbojet engine is analyzed with the entransy theory and the T-Q diagram.The ideal thermodynamic cycle in which there is no inner irreversibility is analyzed,as well as the influences from some inner irreversible factors,such as the heat transfer process,the change of the component of the working fluid and the viscosity of the working fluid.For the discussed cases,it is shown that larger entransy loss rate always results in larger output power,while smaller entropy generation rate does not always.The corresponding T-Q diagrams are also presented,with which the change tendencies of the entransy loss rate and the output power can be shown very intuitively.It is shown that the entransy theory is applicable for analyzing the inner irreversible thermodynamic cycles discussed in this paper.Compared with the concept of entropy generation,the concept of entransy loss and the corresponding T-Q diagram are more suitable for describing the change of the output power of the analyzed turbojet engine no matter if the inner irreversible factors are considered.     

外磁场作用下的介质阻挡面放电研究

通过计算包含等效磁场的介质阻挡面放电漂移-扩散方程组,分析了磁场方向、磁感应强度对介质阻挡面放电下的电子浓度、离子浓度、放电稳定性以及等离子体体积力的影响,证明不同方向的磁场通过影响电子扩散对放电过程产生了膨化、压缩2种作用,提出了膨化磁场、压缩磁场概念。计算结果表明:外部磁场对离子扩散的影响较弱,没有明显改变等离子体静电场体积力的分布,与等离子体静电场力相比磁力基本可以忽略,且磁场使得介质阻挡面放电更容易失稳。     

传热推动力损耗的温度场熵分析

运用物理场熵的概念,以传热推动力在空间温度场中不可逆损耗,定量表达传热过程不可逆程度,并将温度场熵分析法应用于矩形散热翅片效率的研究,得到温度场熵与翅片长度成正比、与厚度和导热系数成反比的定量关系。并通过与翅片散热效率曲线对比表明,温度场熵不仅反映了传热过程中系统的热力性能和热效,而且揭示了翅片热效变化的内在机理,对优化此类热力系统的设计具有实际应用价值。     

基于小波包变换与近似熵的储集层识别

通常不同地层特征对应的地震波复杂程度均有差异.近似熵是一种反映信号复杂程度的特征量,对储层特征有一定反映.但是,地震波是有一定带宽的信号,在此带宽内,可能某一部分频段对油气层较为敏感,而其他频段的信号则对油气层的反应不够敏感,如果直接进行近似熵的计算,其结果往往不能很好地反映储层特征.鉴于这种情况,对小波包变换和近似熵结合进行储集层预测的方法进行研究,即对小波包分解的结果进行近似熵计算.实际资料计算结果表明,结合小波包分解和近似熵的储层识别方法,能够精确刻画储层形态.