大方坯连铸结晶器浸入式水口结构优化

通过物理模拟实验,测定所设计的系列水口在不同工况条件下,结晶器内液面波动、冲击压力及保护渣覆盖情况,经优化后,找出较佳水口;再应用流场计算软件FLUENT及水力模型,对所选水口进行结晶器内钢液的流场和温度场特性分析,优选出适合大方坯连铸工艺的浸入式水口结构形式,并在生产中得到了验证.     

板坯连铸机结晶器内钢液流场的数值模拟

基于流体力学的基本理论,利用商业软件fluent的,κ-ε湍流模型,实现了对结晶器内钢液流场的三维数学模拟.重点分析了浸入式水口的形状、插入深度、水口侧孔倾角以及拉速等工艺参数对结晶器钢液流场的影响.结果表明,对于断面为1280 mm × 180 mm的板坯结晶器,水口插入深度为150 mm,水口倾角为向下15°,拉坯速度为1 m/min时,结晶器内的流场较好.     

宽厚板坯连铸中间罐内钢液流动特性分析

结合一宽厚板坯单流连铸中间罐的物理模拟,应用两个组合模型对比分析了中间罐内流体流动特性,并考察了不同控流装置对中间罐内流动特性的影响．结果表明：两个组合模型在死区体积分数的计算上存在较大差别,本实验中的两者最大相差74．6％,传统的组合模型会对中间罐内流动特性的判断及优化方案的选择造成较大的偏差,而修正后的混合模型因对死区体积分数的计算的合理修正,可用来准确分析单流中间罐内流体的流动特性．本文通过实验研究提出了中间罐流场优化方案．     

Analysis on clogging of submerged entry nozzle in continuous casting of high strength steel with rare earth

The type of inclusions in tundish steel and the formation mechanism of the submerged entry nozzle(SEN)clogging in the continuous casting of the rare earth(RE)hi...     

浸入式水口倾角对宽幅连铸结晶器内流动行为的影响

浸入式水口出口角度影响射流的动能损失,进而影响结晶器内的流动行为.建立了比例为1 ∶ 4的水模型,在模型拉速为0.425 m/min、水口浸入深度为40 mm的条件下,借助粒子图像测速技术研究了浸入式水口出口倾角为0°和+5°对宽幅连铸结晶器内流动行为的影响.结果表明,0°和+5°水口条件下,射流在模型内的流动方式有很...     

板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流动的数值模拟

利用Fluent软件对1650mm×220mm板坯结晶器建立了三维稳态数学模型,对三种方案条件下结晶器内钢液流动进行模拟.结果表明,结晶器的宽度对结晶器表面速度分布影响显著,随着结晶器宽度的增加,结晶器表面的速度分布越来越不均匀.表面的最大速度受到多种参数的影响,包括浸入式水口入口钢液的速度、水口出口角度和水口浸入深度等,其中入口钢液的速度影响最为显著.最优方案为：铸坯宽度1100mm,底部结构为山形和出口角度向下30°的水口,水口浸入深度120mm,流量为11.6m³·h^-1,入口速度为0.8384m·s^-1.     

板坯结晶器内钢液三维流场数学模型的研究

重点研究了浸入式水口浸入深度、拉速等工艺参数对结晶器内钢液流动状态的影响.研究结果表明:改变这些影响因素在一定程度上可以起到改善钢液流动状态的目的,但通过改变这些影响因素并不能完全实现对结晶器内钢液流动状态的有效控制,尤其是对液面波动和对窄面冲击强度的控制.     

全水口自旋流连铸水口钢水流动行为

摘要： 全水口自旋流连铸是从源头上优化结晶器流场的重要技术,利用数值模拟手段,研究了拉坯速度和旋流发生装置入口尺寸对自旋流连铸钢水流动行为的影响。研究表明,拉坯速度和入口尺寸对水口内钢水旋流具有重要影响,旋流强度随拉速增大而增大,随入口面积增大而减小,且随钢水向下流动近似呈线性减小;当旋流装置入口流速为1.1m/s时,水口内钢水旋转速度达4.10m/s,受旋流影响水口中心钢水反重力向上流动;水口流场沿径向可分为湍流各向同性区、各向异性区和近壁区,随入口速度增加湍流各向异性区范围增大。研究明确了全水口自旋流连铸过程钢水旋流行为的关键控制因素,为旋流连铸的参数优化提供了支撑。     

Flow behavior of molten steel in SEN during full nozzle self swirling flow continuous casting

Full nozzle self swirling flow continuous casting is an important technology to optimize the mold flow field from the source. Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the influence of casting speed and inlet area of the swirling flow generator on steel flow behavior in SEN (submerged entry nozzle). The results show that the casting speed and the inlet area have important effects on the swirling steel flow in SEN. The swirl intensity increases with the increase of casting speed, decreases with the increase of inlet area, and decreases approximately linearly with the downward flow of molten steel in SEN. The swirling flow velocity can reach 410m/s with the generator inlet velocity of 11m/s. Due to the effect of swirling flow, molten steel at the nozzle center moves upwards. The flow field in SEN along the radial direction can be divided into three regions, namely, the isotropic turbulent fluctuation region, the anisotropic turbulent fluctuation region, and the near wall region. With the increase of inlet velocity, the anisotropic turbulent fluctuation region increases. This study reveals the key control factors on steel flow behavior in a full nozzle self swirling flow continuous casting process, which provides a good support for the parameter optimization of the swirling flow continuous casting process.     

水口结构对板坯结晶器流场的影响

采用水模拟及PIV粒子测速系统,研究了不同水口结构对板坯结晶器流场的影响。结果表明:该试验条件下,凸底水口射流区平均速度较大,约为0.65m/s,凹底工况约为0.50m/s,水口倾角对上、下回旋区钢液流股影响较大,6种水口结构中,凹底向下15°水口结构液面波动较缓,窄面附近液面稳定,流场分布较为均匀稳定,较为适合现场浇铸。     

板坯连铸结晶器水口优化数理试验研究

采用1∶2.2水模型试验与数值模拟对结晶器浸入式水口结构的改进与优化进行探究。通过不同铸坯断面下C型水口与A型水口对结晶器流场影响效果的比较可以得到,水模试验中,C型水口较A型水口波高平均下降48.99%,冲击深度平均减少1.94%,卷渣程度平均降低80.24%,液面裸露最大宽度平均下降67.39%;数模试验中,C型水口自由液面平均最大流速v_Cmax=0.39 m/s大于A型水口自由液面平均最大流速v_Amax=0.23 m/s;水模试验与数模试验结果一致,C型水口在稳定结晶器液面、减少卷渣方面均优于A型水口。     

高拉速板坯连铸结晶器浸入式水口的水模型研究

利用染料示踪法,采用波高传感器和旋桨式流速仪在全比例水模型中研究了四种浸入式水口(A型:凹型,15°(上角度)-15°(下角度);B型:凸型,15°-15°;C型:凹型,40°-15°,D型:凸型,40°-15°)下板坯连铸结晶器内的流场和液面特征.发现采用凹型水口时结晶器液面的波动与表面流速均小于凸型水口.凹型水口F的表面流速变化的功率(频率为0.03~0.1Hz)比凸型水口小约50%,所以凹型水口更有利于减少结晶器内卷渣的发生.在高拉速条件下(拉速为1.8m·min^-1,较大的水口出口上角度有利于抑制水口出口流股的漩涡流,进而减少剪切卷渣的发生.四种水口中C型水口条件下结晶器液面的表面流速最小,约为0.27m·s^-1,为提高拉速留有较大余地,所以适合高拉速连铸的最佳浸入式水口为C型.     

Study on transport phenomena in the beam blank continuous casting mould coupling copper mould with molten steel

The copper mould and molten steel were modelled simultaneously by a three-dimensional (3D) model, which couples fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification. Thermal boundary conditions (e.g. air gap distribution, slag resistance, contact resistance) along casting direction and circumference direction were discussed and applied. The results of solid shell thickness distribution were compared with reference experimental data and reasonable agreements were found. The calculations indicate that, the shell thickness distribution along circumference in web was affected by the cross-section sizes. The uniform shell thickness distributions at narrow face and R corner were caused by the scouring of fluid flow. The heat transfer fluxes at hot face of mould were various at different locations.     

电磁搅拌作用下板坯连铸结晶器熔池液面稳定性研究

液面波动是连铸过程的重要问题。推导了电磁搅拌作用下板坯连铸结晶器熔池液面稳定性指数(F)的函数表达式,分析了电磁场、结晶器、水口、浇铸速度等对F数的影响,评估了实际连铸系统工艺参数的稳定性。主要结果:(1)基于自由射流理论,建立了电磁搅拌下板坯连铸结晶器液面稳定性指数的理论公式;(2)各连铸参数按照影响液面稳定性由大到小排序依次是:磁感应强度、水口浸入深度、拉坯速度、板坯宽度、搅拌频率、水口倾角等;(3)对于厚度为230 mm的板坯连铸,现有各种板宽—拉速匹配下的F数均处于3~5之间,但在宽板宽—低拉速时参数优化的稳定性空间更大。     

Water model study on fluid flow in slab continuous casting mould with solidified shell

Abstract

A water modelling experiment was conducted to study the fluid flow in a continuous slab casting mould with solidified shell. The level fluctuation, residence time distribution and velocity of free surface have been varied in the water model to study the differences of flow behaviour between the mould with a shell and without a shell. The results show that the mould with a solidified shell has higher level fluctuations, higher surface velocities and worse liquid slag distribution. The tapering of the shell in the mould enabled downward flow to facilitate more fluid being ‘pushed’ into the upper recirculation zone, yielding higher velocities and greater turbulence at the top surface. With the consideration of the solidified shell, the fluid flow in the mould is more representative of real casters, and the physical modelling results will be more accurate and reliable. It may cause unrealistic lower surface level fluctuations and surface velocities in the water model when the solidified shell is neglected in the mould.     

Study of fluid flow and residence-time distribution in a continuous slab casting mould

The fluid-flow pattern and residence-time distribution (r.t.d.) of the fluid in a continuous casting mould have been studied using a water model. The two recirculating zones below the discharge ports have been found to be asymmetric. The effect of casting speed, discharge port diameter, shroud well depth and the immersion depth on r.t.d. have been investigated. The r.t.d. curve has been well represented by a model of two backmix cells of equal volume in series. The exit of the fluid has been found to be non-uniform across the cross-section of the mould. The fluid-flow pattern has been observed to change with time in a random fashion. Dead volume of upto 31.8% has been found with smaller discharge ports.     

板坯中间包内钢液流动特性

通过开展中间包控流装置布置的正交试验,研究了反应器结构对钢水流动行为的影响.着重探讨了不同尺寸中间包的控流装置布置规律及其对钢液流动行为和夹杂物去除的影响,定量化得到了双流板坯中间包控流装置布置与死区体积和结构影响因子D的关系.实验结果分析表明：中间包内部分活塞流体积不利于夹杂物去除,死区体积可准确反映钢液的洁净度水平;出水口抽吸作用对钢液流动行为影响较大,挡坝布置在距出水口1000-1300 mm时钢液流动形态较好,夹杂物聚集导致的水口结瘤率低至7.5%;0.0035<D<0.0085时,可获得板坯中间包在普通拉速下的流场特征与挡坝相对位置的关系;中间包内钢液与夹杂物的相对运动速度为大于6×10^-5m·s^-1时,夹杂物的上浮速度较大.     

Effect of swirling flow tundish submerged entry nozzle outlet design on multiphase flow and heat transfer in mould

ABSTRACT

Effect of a swirling flow SEN (submerged entry nozzle) outlet design on the multiphase flow and heat transfer in a mould was investigated by using numerical simulation. It was found that different SEN outlet designs could form different flow patterns and temperature distributions on the upper of the mould. The enlarged outlet SEN design had an effect to decrease the horizontal velocity of liquid steel flowing out the SEN outlet, reducing the steel flow velocity towards the solidification front. Although a higher velocity was found near the slag/steel interface with the enlarged outlet SEN, but the turbulent kinetic energy was lower. The reason was that less circulation flows were formed in the region of the mould top. The weak horizontal flow towards the solidification front with the enlarged outlet SEN induced lower wall shear stresses, at the same time it also formed a lower temperature distribution near the solidified shell.     

Three-dimensional FEM study of fluid flow in mould for beam blank continuous casting: influence of nozzle structure and parameters on fluid flow

Abstract

The aim of this work was to analyse the influence of the nozzle structure and parameters on the molten steel flow in beam blank continuous casting. A three-dimensional steady state finite element model was developed to compute the flow field and the meniscus fluctuation in the mould. The volume of fluid model was used to track the free surface evolution at the meniscus. It can be concluded that compared with a through conduit submerged entry nozzle (SEN), a three lateral hole SEN will reduce the impact depth, change greatly the velocity at the free surface and intensify the fluctuation of the free surface. As a whole, the fluid flow in the mould will be improved, which will help to melt the mould powder and improve the absorption of non-metallic inclusions, thus improving steel cleanness. The most rational rake angle for the three lateral hole SEN is 9°. Meanwhile, the SEN immersion depth should be in the range 200–250 mm if the casting speed is about 0·9–1·1 m min^?1.