厌氧复合床处理模拟焦化废水的反硝化动力学

采用厌氧复合床(UBF)处理模拟焦化废水,进水中投加NaNO₃模拟硝化液回流,实现了同时反硝化/产甲烷,COD去除率达到94%,NO₃^--N去除率达到99%。取复合床下部污泥做反硝化动力学研究,在存在亚硝酸盐积累的情况下,以NO₃^--N+0.6NO₂^--N作为反硝化电子受体,采用双基质的Monod方程对实验数据进行拟合,拟合曲线与实验测定值相关性良好。其次,采用双基质的Monod微分方程组对NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N的浓度变化进行拟合,得到相关参数:硝态氮的最大比降解速率和半饱和常数分别为1.13 d^-1和2.0 mg·L^-1;亚硝态氮的最大比降解速率和半饱和常数分别为0.66 d^-1和2.5 mg·L^-1,基于硝态氮和亚硝态氮的有机物半饱和常数分别为90.8 mg·L^-1和96.8 mg·L^-1。     

NOx——N对初沉污泥厌氧发酵及反硝化性能的影响

为了解决低C/N比污水的脱氮问题,本研究将NO_x^--N引入到初沉污泥厌氧发酵系统,利用初沉污泥厌氧发酵过程释放的有机碳源完成反硝化,以达到利用初沉污泥作为碳源强化污水脱氮的目的。通过对系统中VFAs积累、NO_x^--N去除及VSS变化情况的考察,对比研究了4种不同电子受体类型初沉污泥厌氧系统发酵性能、反硝化能力。得出:在34 d的发酵期里,NO₃^--N型系统以及NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N混合型系统中没有出现明显VFAs积累,而在NO₂^--N型系统和纯厌氧系统中出现了不同程度的VFAs积累,说明在试验条件下,NO₃^--N型和混合型系统发酵过程所释放的碳源能得到较好的利用;各系统中NO_x^--N还原总量分别为1692 mg·L^-1(NO₃^--N型)、1330 mg·L^-1(混合型)、1223 mg·L^-1(NO₂^--N型),表明NO₃^--N型系统反硝化能力最强;此外,虽然各NO_x^--N系统中的VSS减量程度相对于厌氧系统稍有降低,但各系统均达到了60%以上的高VSS减量水平,其中NO₃^--N型系统VSS减量67.9%,在各NO_x^--N系统中最高。综上,NO₃^--N型初沉污泥厌氧发酵系统能同时取得相对最好的反硝化脱氮及污泥减量性能。     

以硫-铁为基质的自养反硝化深度脱氮性能研究

通过静态批次实验,探讨了硫自养反硝化、铁自养反硝化和硫铁协同脱氮系统的脱氮性能。实验结果表明,单质硫自养反硝化过程中pH由8.46降至5.46,反应前期NO₂^--N发生积累,最高达7.14 mg/L。TN和NO₃^--N随反硝化的进行呈不断降低趋势。反应5 d时TN去除率可达100%。零价铁粉的加入可以有效起到缓冲pH的作用。在硫铁协同脱氮系统中,硫铁体积比为2∶1、1∶1时,反应体系的pH可维持在6.54～7.12之间。硫铁体积比为2∶1时脱氮效果最佳,反应72 h时TN去除率可达98.5%,NO₃^--N去除率可达100%。在铁自养反硝化过程中,pH呈缓慢升高后逐渐稳定的趋势,由8.46增至10.02。与硫自养反硝化系统和硫铁协同脱氮系统相比,铁自养反硝化系统的脱氮性能最差,反应9 d时TN和NO₃^--N的去除率分别为40.52%、48.96%,且在该体系中NH₄⁺-N...     

不同S/N对硫自养短程反硝化亚硝酸盐积累特性试验研究

短程反硝化是一种厌氧氨氧化基质NO₂^--N获取的新型途径。在自养短程反硝化系统中，以硫代硫酸钠作为底物，在不同的硫氮比(S^2-/NO₃^--N)的条件下，通过控制水力停留时间、温度，将NO₃^--N还原至NO₂^--N，成功实现自养短程反硝化系统中NO₂^--N的积累。实验结果表明，三个S/N表现出不同的NO₂^--N的积累，S/N为1:1.14时，NO₃^--N的去除率稳定在75%左右，NO₂^--N的积累率(NTR)几乎为零；S/N为1:1.71时，NO₃^--N的去除率维持在40%～50%之间，NTR增长到8%左右；S/N为1:2.28时，NO₃^-     

同步硝化反硝化好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养研究

建立有1#(实验)SBR和2#(对照)SBR对同步硝化反硝化好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养情况进行研究。结果表明：投加了生物质炭的1#SBR内好氧颗粒污泥形成速度更快、结构致密稳定；生物质炭的加入对反应器性能及COD的去除率无明显影响；两个反应器内COD和总氮去除率均可达到95%和64.5%以上；在一个运行周期内未检测到NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N，反应器内发生了同步硝化反硝化。     

不同电子受体配比对反硝化除磷特性及内碳源转化利用的影响

以A²/O-生物接触氧化(biological contact oxidation,BCO)系统反硝化除磷活性污泥为研究对象,通过投加不同浓度的NO₂^--N和NO₃^--N(30 mg·L^-1),考察了反硝化聚磷菌(denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms,DPAOs)在不同电子受体配比(NO₂^--N:NO₃^--N0, 0.2:0.8, 0.4:0.6, 0.5:0.5, 0.6:0.4)条件下的脱氮除磷特性。结果表明:乙酸钠为DPAOs用于反硝化除磷的理想碳源,且其浓度为200 mg·L^-1时最佳;仅以NO₃^--N为电子受体进行缺氧吸磷反应时,NO₃^--N的投加量为30 mg·L^-1时较为合适;以NO₂^--N作为电子受体,未经 驯化的DPAOs,短时间内很难利用NO₂^--N,但低浓度的 (6 mg·L^-1)不会影响DPAOs以 作电子受体进行反硝化除磷;同时,NO₂^--N对于DPAOs吸磷作用的抑制程度明显强于 反硝化作用,当NO₂^--N浓度达到18 mg·L^-1时,吸磷反应基本停止;此外,较高浓度的NO₂^--N不仅会抑制聚羟基脂肪酸酯(poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate,PHA)的分解利用,且会使PHA分解产生的能量较多地用于储存糖原(glycogen,Gly),而所分解利用的PHA中90%以上为聚-β-羟基丁酸酯(poly-β-hydroxybutyrate,PHB)。     

人工快渗系统短程硝化反硝化的协同启动及脱氮性能

为提高人工快渗(CRI)系统的脱氮性能,构建了好氧(O)/缺氧(A)两段式CRI系统处理模拟生活污水,采用NaCl-pH协同调控的方式启动短程硝化反硝化,考察了其对NH₄⁺-N、TN去除的强化效果。结果表明,进水中投加质量浓度为6 000 mg/L的NaCl运行13 d后,O-CRI反应柱的NO₂^--N积累率可达到71.7%,此时提高进水pH至8.8,NO₂^--N积累率可增高至95.5%,NaCl-pH协同调控可成功启动短程硝化。O/A-CRI系统稳定运行期间NH₄⁺-N、TN去除率均值分别达到97.6%、87.5%,比对照组分别提高了2.9、41.3个百分点。O-CRI反应柱内的脱氮功能菌以氨氧化菌(AOB)为主,其中相对丰度较高的菌属为Nitrosomonas、Nitrosospira,而以Nitrospira为代表的亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的活性由于被选择性抑制而致使其相对丰度大幅减小,从而保障了NO     

不同碳源对低温投加氧化还原介体污水生物反硝化脱氮过程的影响

低温污水生物反硝化脱氮效果差,投加氧化还原介体有利于反硝化过程,不同碳源对反硝化脱氮过程有不同影响。本文考察了不同碳源（丙酸钠、甲醇、乙醇及乙酸钠）对低温投加氧化还原介体1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸盐（NQS）污水生物反硝化脱氮过程的影响。以硝态氮、总氮、亚硝态氮浓度、去除率和脱氮速率、化学需氧量（COD）、氧化还原电位（ORP）的变化对不同碳源的影响进行了表征,发现丙酸钠为碳源时的反硝化速率最高,最高为7mgNO_x^--N/（gVSS·h）,分别是甲醇[0.88mgNO_x^--N/（gVSS·h）]、乙醇[2.72mgNO_x^--N/（gVSS·h）]和乙酸钠[1.97mgNO_x^--N/（gVSS·h）]为碳源时的8倍、2.6倍和3.6倍;硝态氮的最大去除率为61.5%,分别是甲醇（8.9%）、乙醇（6.6%）和乙酸钠（15.3%）为碳源时的6.9倍、9.3倍和4倍;总氮的最大去除率为47.4%,分别是甲醇（9.1%）、乙醇（10.3%）和乙酸钠（10.3%）为碳源时的5.2倍、4.6倍和4.6倍。     

反硝化颗粒污泥处理不锈钢酸洗废水研究

采用以厌氧絮状污泥作为接种污泥的上流式厌氧反应器，通过调整其水力停留时间和水力条件等关键因素培养反硝化颗粒污泥，开展其对不锈钢酸洗废水脱氮研究。研究结果表明，上流式厌氧反应器以甲醇作为碳源运行42 d后，形成了成熟的反硝化颗粒污泥；成熟的反硝化颗粒污泥边缘清晰、表面包裹大量杆菌，单颗污泥沉降速率可达198～273 m/h，粒径为1～6 mm，反硝化速率最高可达2.79 gN/(gVSS·d)；在反应器NO₃^--N容积负荷为2.0～2.44 kg/(m³·d)时，NO₃^--N平均去除率为98.03%,NH₄⁺-N平均去除率为89.76%,TN平均去除率为97.81%；最终出水的氨氮及总氮可同时满足《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 13456-2012)的间接排放标准和《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962-2015)的C级排放标准。本工艺相比传统反硝化工艺能够节约碳源30%左右。     

长泥龄改良A2/O工艺的短程硝化反硝化除磷

为解决传统A²/O工艺硝化与除磷泥龄(SRT)之间的矛盾,进一步提高低C/N(P)比生活污水同步脱氮除磷效率,采用一种改良A²/O工艺在长SRT条件下处理生活污水.试验结果表明,该工艺可有效筛选和强化反应器内活性污泥,并大量富集长SRT的反硝化除磷菌(DPAO).通过亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)淘洗阶段后,反应器在SRT=19.6d、A²O段污泥浓度(MLSS)=5.5 g·L^-1、水力停留时间(HRT)=8.2 h、污泥回流比(R)=90%、硝化液回流比(r)=250%、溶解氧(DO)=1.5～0.3 mg·L^-1,间歇曝气段HRT=4 h、曝气周期1 h曝气1 min(DO=0.3～0.5 mg·L^-1)、沉淀59 min条件下长期运行,COD、NH₄⁺-N、TP和TN的平均去除率分别为88.71%、99.2%、93.77%和89.52%,出水亚硝化率(NO₂^--N/NO_x^--N)可达97.2%,DPAO占聚磷菌(PAO)比为95.5%.污水中约72.96%的COD被DPAO合成PHA除磷,15.75%的COD由异养反硝化消耗,约41.96%和31.31%的N分别通过反硝化除磷和异养反硝化去除.剩余污泥主要由DPAO和反硝化菌增殖产生,分别占82.74%和17.24%,较传统脱氮除磷途径减少了58.76%的碳源消耗和44.6%的污泥排放.     

Bioaugmentation of two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor with mixed strains for high nitrate nitrogen wastewater treatment

Mixed strains Delftia sp.YH01 and Acidovorax sp.YH02, with capability of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification, were introduced into a two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor to enhance NO₃^--N removal. With optimal C/N of 8, efficient NO₃^--N removal was achieved at initial NO₃^--N concentration of 2000 mg·L^-1. Meanwhile, the massive accumulation of NO₂^--N was avoided during the long operation. Compared to the one-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor, the removal efficiency of NO₃^--N and TN in the two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor was increased by 36.5% and 42.7%, which respectively was 93.8% and 88.4%. Microbial community study showed that the mixed strains have the stronger viability and can synergistically denitrify with the indigenous microorganisms in system, such as Azoarcus, Uncultured Saprospiraceae, Thauera, Paracocccus, which could be major contributors for aerobic denitrification. The proposed technology was shown to achieve high-efficiency treatment of high NO₃^--N wastewater through aerobic denitrification.     

Identification and Metabolic Mechanism of Non-fermentative Short-cut Denitrifying Phosphorus-removing Bacteria

To investigate the characteristics and metabolic mechanism of short-cut denitrifying phosphorus-removing bacteria (SDPB) that are capable of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) using nitrite as an electron acceptor, an aerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor was operated under three phases. An SDPB-strain YC was screened after the sludge enrichment and was identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical properties and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Denitrifying phosphorus-removing experiments were conducted to study anaerobic and anoxic metabolic mechanisms by analyzing the changes of chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, nitrite, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and glycogen. The results show that strain YC is a non-fermentative SDPB similar to Paracoccus denitrificans. As a kind of non-fermentative bacteria, the energy of strain YC was mainly generated from phosphorus release (96.2%) under anaerobic conditions with 0.32 mg P per mg synthesized PHB. Under anoxic conditions, strain YC accumulated 0.45 mg P per mg degraded PHB, which produced most of energy for phosphate accumulation (91.3%) and a little for glycogen synthesis (8.7%). This metabolic mechanism of strain YC is different from that of traditional phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs). It is also found that PHB, a kind of intracellular polymer, plays a very important role in denitrifying and accumulating phosphorus by supplying sufficient energy for phosphorous accumulation and carbon sources for denitrification. Therefore, monitoring ΔP/ΔPHB and? ΔNO₂^--N/ΔPHB is more necessary than monitoring ΔP/ΔCOD,?ΔNO₂^--N/ΔCOD, or ΔNO₂^--N.     

氮浓度对新型生物电化学-颗粒污泥反应器运行的影响

探讨了新型生物电化学-颗粒污泥反应器在不同进水氮浓度下的脱氮效能与产电性能,并从颗粒污泥的关键酶活性、胞外聚合物组分以及微生物群落分布等角度系统研究了其影响机制。结果表明,COD、NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N和溶解性甲烷在第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ阶段(进水NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N浓度分别为60 mg·L^-1和20 mg·L^-1、100mg·L^-1和40 mg·L^-1、140 mg·L^-1和60 mg·L^-1、180 mg·L^-1和80 mg·L^-1)均得以有效去除,其中COD去除率在第Ⅳ阶段效果最佳,去除率达96%以上,NO₃^--N出水浓度在第Ⅱ阶段更为稳定,其去除率达99%以上,NO₂     

蜂窝填料三相流化床去除城市污水中的总氮特性研究

在好氧条件下,构建了蜂窝填料三相流化床,研究了三相流化床去除城市污水中总氮的效果以及氨态氮、亚硝酸盐和硝态氮转化规律.结果表明,当HRT为3h时,三相流化床对总氮去除率为52.61％.氨氮去除率为45.71％,进、出水中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐氮质量浓度均较低(进水低于1.12 mg/L,出水低于4.52 mg/L).对剥落...     

Influence of nitrogen concentration on operation of a novel bio-electrochemical-granular sludge reactor

The performance of nitrogen removal and electricity generation of a novel bio-electrochemical-granular sludge reactor at different influent nitrogen concentration was investigated. The impact mechanism of granular sludge, key enzyme activity, extracellular polymer composition and microbial community distribution were systematically studied. The results showed that COD, NO₃^--N, NO₂^--N and dissolved methane were efficiently removed in stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (Influent NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N concentrations were 60 and 20 mg·L^-1, 100 and 40 mg·L^-1, 140 and 60 mg·L^-1, 180 and 80 mg·L^-1, respectively). The removal efficiency of COD was the highest in stage Ⅳ, and it was above 96%. The effluent concentration of NO₃^--N was the most stable at stage Ⅱ, and the removal efficiency was over 99%. The NO₂^--N removal efficiency was above 99% in each stage. In stage Ⅳ, the maximum power density and output voltage was 471.2 mV·m^-3 and 608.1 mV at the fourth compartment, respectively. The polysaccharide and protein content of LB-EPS was the highest in stage Ⅱ of the fifth compartment, 13.7 mg·g^-1 and 14.7 mg·g^-1, respectively. Coenzyme F₄₂₀ activity was the lowest in the first compartment. The protease activity of the sludge was increased due to the increase of influent nitrogen concentration. From stage Ⅰ to stage Ⅳ, the relative abundance of Protebaoteria was decreased, while the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Planctomycetes were increased. Although Thauera with denitrification effect was decreased by 8.64% in the first compartment, the nitrogen removal was still well in the reactor. The relative abundance of Methanothrix was increased to 12.3% in the fourth compartment, indicating that Methanothrix could co-exist with other bacteria in the reactor.     

驯化后的聚糖菌对NO2——N和NO3——N内源反硝化速率的影响

在序批式（sequencing batch reactor,SBR）反应器中,通过分段厌氧-好氧（厌氧后排水）运行方式,在以葡萄糖为碳源、P/C比小于2/100的条件下,成功实现了聚糖菌（glycogen accumulating organisms,GAOs）的驯化富集,厌氧段磷酸盐的释放量（phosphorus release amounts,PRA）稳定在1.0 mg·L^-1以内,胞内糖原（glycogen,gly）含量是初始阶段的1.2倍。驯化后的GAOs分别以NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N为电子受体经厌氧-缺氧运行方式,可进行内源反硝化反应过程。GAOs在内源反硝化过程中依次利用胞内的聚β-羟基戊酸酯（poly-β-hydroxyvalerate,PHV）、聚β-羟基丁酸酯（poly-β-hydroxyvalerate,PHB）和gly作为内碳源。在22℃时,反硝化聚糖菌（denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms,DGAOs）以NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N为电子受体平均比内源反硝化速率分别为0.067 g N·（g VSS）^-1·d^-1、0.023 g N·（g VSS）^-1·d^-1,常温短程内源反硝化速率约是全程内源反硝化速率的3倍。     

炼油废水中好氧反硝化菌的筛选及降解特性

为了提高炼油废水生物处理装置的反硝化性能,从武汉石化污水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选出一株好氧反硝化菌AD10,经生理生化及16SrDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为假单胞菌属。通过单因素实验研究了该菌的最适培养条件:以丁二酸钠为碳源,C/N=14,温度30℃,初始pH=6.0,摇床转速200r/min。在此条件下,ρ(NO₃^--N)=556.81mg/L时72h的去除率为97.2%,且耐受的硝酸盐氮质量浓度达到654.00mg/L。菌株AD10培养11.5h,对ρ(NO₃^--N)=140.31mg/L和ρ(TN)=141.62mg/L的去除率分别为95.8%和93.9%,其反硝化速率高于大部分已发现的好氧反硝化菌,检测到的ρ(NO₂^–-N)≤2.30mg/L,未出现明显的积累,菌株AD10能够进行完全反硝化。     

同步硝化反硝化SBBR处理低C/N比生活污水的启动与稳定运行

以低C/N比实际生活污水为处理对象,聚氨酯海绵填料为生物载体（填料填充率25%）,采用逐步提高氮负荷的方式,在较短的时间内（98 d）成功启动了同步硝化反硝化（simultaneous nitrification and denitrification,SND）的序批式生物膜反应器（sequencing batch biofilm reactor,SBBR）。实时定量PCR（real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction,real-time qPCR）结果表明系统内硝化菌得到富集。在稳定运行期间,系统对有机物及氮的去除效果良好,平均出水COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN分别为38.28 mg·L^-1、1.23 mg·L^-1、8.23 mg·L^-1。微生物将大部分碳源以聚羟基脂肪酸酯（poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate,PHA）的形式储存至体内,系统内NO₃^--N的去除主要通过内源反硝化作用,且反硝化过程基本无NO₂^--N积累,平均SND率为70.57%,TN去除率高达82.95%。由于硝化反应和反硝化反应在同一反应器内同时进行,反硝化过程产生的碱度可补充硝化过程消耗的碱度,维持系统内pH的相对稳定。此外,可以通过DO和pH的变化判断SND的进行状态,有效地控制反应时间,节省动力消耗。