一种特征煤代替肥煤的配煤炼焦试验

在对特征煤基础特性分析的基础上,用特征煤替代部分肥煤和气煤进行了40 kg小焦炉及4.3 m顶装焦炉炼焦试验,结果表明,特征煤代替肥煤配量控制在20%以内,焦炭质量变化不大,热态强度略有改善,在常规顶装焦炉上用10%～15%的特征煤代替肥煤炼焦是可行的。增配10%特征煤、相应减少肥煤配量8%、气煤2%,可生产出高强度一级冶金焦（M40=84.3%、M10=7.2%,CRI=23.5%、CSR=69.7%）,降低配煤成本19.1元/t。     

用焦炉煤气制冶金还原气的热力学分析

以实验气体为原料,对焦炉煤气制备冶金还原气的过程进行热力学分析,为制取合格的冶金还原气提供理论依据。     

Zinc smelting with coal as the principal heat source and reducing agent

Recent progress in fluidized bed coal combustion and gasification suggests possibilities for the substitution of coal for coke in metallurgical smelting processes. One such possibility was ex-plored in a laboratory study of zinc smelting with coal. A two-stage reactor was constructed, which gasified coal in the lower stage to produce a reducing gas mixture. In the upper stage, the reducing gas was passed through a fixed bed containing a mixture of ZnO and either coal or coke. The extent of reduction of the ZnO was measured as a function of reaction time, temperature, and gas composition. Temperature was found to be the most important variable. At temperatures of 1000 °C or higher in the fixed bed, more than 97 pct of the ZnO was reduced in a few hours. No difference was found between the uses of coal and coke in the fixed bed. An important remaining step in proving process feasibility is condensation of metallic Zn from the product gas.     

焦炉应用高辐射覆层涂料的传热机制和节能效果

 酒钢焦化厂5号捣固焦炉应用了高辐射覆层技术, 6号捣固焦炉没有应用。热工测试组对5、6号焦炉进行了各项热工参数和节能涂料全面有效的对比检测。结果表明：5号焦炉比6号焦炉传热效率提高635%,焦饼中心温度提高14℃,废气温度降低了23℃。每年可节约焦炉煤气420.48×104m3,节能率为3.32%。炉窑统一热效率提高1.99%,炼焦耗热量降低了81.8kJ/kg（湿煤含质量分数7%的水）。每年CO2排放量减少1325×104 m3,获得了较为明显的经济效益和社会效益。并提出了进一步降低炼焦耗热量的途径。     

Influence of coke breeze particle size on quality of sinter

Abstract

Iron ore sintering is an extremely complex process involving fuel combustion to generate heat and reducing gases like CO. This heat allows physicochemical, solid and solid–liquid reactions to form liquids of complex components as fuel particles are consumed and cooling processes allow the formation of solid mineral phases. At JSW coke breeze from coke ovens is used as solid fuel in sinter. The properties (size) of the solid fuel play a very important role in determining the sinter microstructural properties and sinter quality. The microstructure of the sinter is a basic necessity and also the first step towards establishing the structural property relationship. Microstructural studies have been carried out to understand the effect of coke breeze particle size on sinter microstructure and sinter properties. The present paper is an attempt to understand and correlate the physical and metallurgical properties of sinter with varying size of the coke breeze particle in sinter mix. It was observed that as the proportion of coke breeze below 3 mm in the sinter mix increased from 53·0 to 90·0% the calcium ferrite phase increased, the number of bigger size pores decreased, and thereby decreased the reduction degradation index (?3·15 mm) of sinter from 39·7 to 23·5%. Superior sinter properties were obtained with the ?3 mm coke breeze size ～90% in the sinter mix.     

1/3焦煤和气煤在首钢的应用实践

为降低首钢京唐公司炼焦生产成本,采用300 kg试验焦炉分别对1/3焦煤和3种气煤进行了系统的配煤炼焦试验,分析了使用1/3焦煤和3种气煤后焦炭光学显微结构的变化,以及最终引起的焦炭强度的变化情况,通过试验得出在使用1/3焦煤或气煤替代强黏结性肥煤或焦煤时,1/3焦煤比例不大于10％,QM1、QM3(气煤1、气煤3)比...     

太钢焦化厂煤调湿工艺介绍

介绍了太钢7.63 m焦炉煤调湿的工艺流程。煤调湿工艺是一种炼焦用煤的预处理技术,即通过炼焦煤在焦炉外的来自干熄焦余热锅炉的蒸气干燥来降低并稳定装炉煤的水分。装炉煤水分的降低能够提高焦炉生产能力、减少结焦所需热量消耗、提高焦炭质量、保证焦炉连续稳定操作,具有较大的经济效益和社会效益。     

核子秤自动称量对配煤准确性的影响

采用核子秤自动配煤工艺代替原人工配煤，可以提高煤料的稳定性、均匀性，获得质量更加稳定的冶金焦，改善焦炭的各项指标，配煤准确性可提高３０％ ，从而稳定焦炉的生产。     

气煤替代1/3焦煤的配煤方案优化试验

为扩大炼焦煤资源、降低焦化企业配煤成本,通过坩埚焦试验和40 kg小焦炉试验考察了 3种气煤(分别记为QM1、QM2和QM3)替代某焦化企业工业配煤方案中1/3焦煤的可行性,并采用镜质体反射率分布图对气煤的适宜配入比例进行了优化.结果表明,在原生产配煤方案中,当气煤替换比为8％时,焦炭冷态强度变化较小,但其热态强度均有...     

高炉喷吹还原气操作的数学模拟研究

副产煤气的高效利用对钢铁产业的节能降耗和环境保护意义重大。为此,提出了一个新的高炉风口喷吹高炉、转炉和焦炉煤气技术,并利用多流体高炉模型对其进行了详细模拟研究,预测了炉内现象和操作性能的变化。在维持回旋区温度、炉腹煤气量及渣面处铁水温度一致的条件下,模拟结果表明与现行常规操作相比,风口喷吹煤气后炉身温度下降,但整个炉内H₂/CO浓度显著提高,炉身烧结矿间接还原加速,产量明显增加,热利用效率明显改善。其中喷吹焦炉煤气效果最为显著,高炉CO₂产生量大幅度降低。随工艺氧制备等技术的进步,高炉喷吹副产煤气技术具有广阔的应用前景。     

Effect of Indian Medium Coking Coal on Coke Quality in Non-recovery Stamp Charged Coke Oven

The maximum possibility of utilizing the Indian coking coals and inferior grade coking coal for producing metallurgical coke through non-recovery stamp charging technology was investigated.Indian indigenous coals contained low percent of vitrinite(50%)and higher content of ash(15%)compared to imported coking coal.Therefore,the selection of appropriate proportion of different types of coals was a major challenge for coke makers.Coal blend selection criterion based on a single coefficient,named as composite coking potential(CCP),was developed.The use of increased proportion of semi-soft coal(crucible swelling number of 2.5)and high ash(≥15%)indigenous coal in the range of 20%-35%and 20%-65%respectively in the blends resulted in good quality of coke.Plant data of a non-recovery coke oven were used for developing and validating the model.The results showed that the coke strength after reaction(CSR)varied in the range of 63.7%-67.7%and the M40value was between 81.8and 89.3in both the cases.     

以热损失最小为目标的焦炉工序分析与优化

基于焦炉工序的物料平衡和能量平衡,以工序热损失最小为目标,构建了焦炉工序的优化模型。以入炉煤配比、加热煤气配比、入炉煤含水量和推焦温度等9个参数为优化变量,考虑13个约束条件,利用焦化厂实际生产数据进行了优化,得到了最小热损失和最优变量值,并分析了优化变量对最小热损失的影响规律。研究表明:适当增加1/3焦煤和瘦煤的用量并减少气煤、肥煤和焦煤的用量可以降低焦炉工序的热损失;高炉煤气和焦炉煤气用量约为7∶1时,能够使焦炉工序的热损失达到最小值。提高脱硫工艺水平可提高硫分的约束上限,从而间接降低热损失。优化后,混合煤挥发分含量可降低3.3%,最小热损失可降低13.74%。实际生产过程中,应使各原料的用量处于使最小热损失变化较小的区间内,且应尽量接近最优配比,以保证焦炉工序连续平稳生产的同时降低热损失。     

2 kg试验焦炉炼焦过程传输行为的数值模拟

为了研究炼焦过程中煤传热传质现象的规律,建立2 kg试验炼焦过程流动、传热及传质过程的数学模型。模型中将装炉煤/焦饼假设为多孔介质,结合水分蒸发冷凝与挥发分析出子模型,模拟了配合煤焦化过程中的传热、水分传递、挥发分析出及荒煤气流动等现象,并分析水分含量对煤层中心温度的影响。结果表明,数学模型可反映试验焦炉炼焦过程中的传输现象。炼焦过程中,焦饼温度会受到烟道回流空气的影响,顶部装炉煤成焦所需时间较长。在水蒸气冷凝的作用下,装炉煤中心水分含量会在焦化过程中逐渐升高,并使装炉煤中心温度达到100 ℃时形成恒温平台。     

2 kg试验焦炉炼焦过程传输行为的数值模拟

为了研究炼焦过程中煤传热传质现象的规律,建立2 kg试验炼焦过程流动、传热及传质过程的数学模型。模型中将装炉煤/焦饼假设为多孔介质,结合水分蒸发冷凝与挥发分析出子模型,模拟了配合煤焦化过程中的传热、水分传递、挥发分析出及荒煤气流动等现象,并分析水分含量对煤层中心温度的影响。结果表明,数学模型可反映试验焦炉炼焦过程中的传输现象。炼焦过程中,焦饼温度会受到烟道回流空气的影响,顶部装炉煤成焦所需时间较长。在水蒸气冷凝的作用下,装炉煤中心水分含量会在焦化过程中逐渐升高,并使装炉煤中心温度达到100 ℃时形成恒温平台。     

武钢7.63m焦炉空间温度探讨及应对措施

武钢7.63 m焦炉投产后空间温度达到980 ℃,特别是焦炉处于超负荷生产期间给焦炉安全生产带来极大威胁.通过降低加热煤气支管压力、降低标准温度、调节α系数、提高煤线等技术手段可以将空问温度控制在900 ℃左右,对有效缓解焦炉石墨堆积、稳定焦炉生产起到重要作用.     

钢铁厂高能效利用副产煤气的可行途径

钢铁厂在生产过程中,副产了大量可燃煤气。副产煤气热值范围在3～20MJ/Nm3,所含的热量可被利用,如:电厂、焦炉、热风炉、热轧厂等所需燃料,可用副产煤气部分替代天然气,减少煤气放散,降低公司的能耗成本和环境污染。使用副产煤气虽能得益却也面临难题。副产煤气的产量和成分取决于生产和工艺状况,煤气用户必须随之调整其操作。用气设备的启停操作改变了煤气用量,造成煤气管网压力波动,副产煤气成分变化则会引起热值波动,一旦管网压力波动或成分改变,将对管网上用气单元的燃烧过程产生不利影响。针对副产煤气利用的复杂情况,AMB、AMEH和BFI公司开发了高能效利用副产煤气的途径,应用于部分钢铁厂,如:改善煤气管网压力和流量分布的技术,具备供需分布显示和预报功能的煤气管理系统。介绍了煤气管网压力波动控制以及副产煤气利用的结果和经验。     

A Mathematical Model of a Blast Furnace Injection Tuyere

One way to further utilise produced gases in an integrated metallurgical plant is to replace oil with gas as a reducing agent in a modern blast furnace. Accordingly, it is of great interest to study the injection of reducing gas into the blast furnace. Therefore, a three‐dimensional mathematical model has been developed which simulates the injection of the gas by lances into the tuyere. The model includes the coupled solution of the flow field and the chemical reaction of the gases in the tuyere. Two different types of fuel gas, coke oven gas (COG) and basic oxygen furnace gas (BOF) have been modelled using one injection lance. The modelling technique is presented and discussed as well as the implied results. Furthermore, process parameters such as different gas compositions etc. are investigated using the developed model. Not surprisingly, the main results show that the COG is combusted more completely than BOF gas, which leads to higher flame temperature of the blast putting demand forward to lower the heat load of the tuyere. However, the modelling of the raceway is as far not included in the model, hence the influence of the outlet boundary condition at the tuyere is not reflected in the presented results.     

焦炉炉顶空间温度偏高的原因分析及应对措施

从焦炉结构、装煤量以及装煤后的炉顶空间高度、加热煤气种类、配煤比等影响因素分析了JN-5.5型焦炉炉顶空间溫度偏高的原因。介绍了炉顶空间溫度对炼焦化工产品的影响和降低炉顶空间溫度的措施方法。     

瘦煤和长焰煤在捣固焦炉配煤中的优化配合

通过利用弱黏结性瘦煤、长焰煤的互补性在捣固焦炉上生产一级冶金焦的实践，节约了焦煤及低硫肥煤，从而为合理利用煤源提供了一个优化配煤方案。     

6m焦炉热平衡计算与节能降耗分析

对武钢焦化8#焦炉进行物料平衡和热平衡计算与热工分析.结果表明：8#焦炉热效率为82.56％、热工效率为72.99％;红焦带走的热量为37.30％,而荒煤气带走热量占焦炉输入总热量的35.69％,这两项之和占焦炉热量总支出的72.99％.根据测试与计算结果分析,指出了降低炼焦过程中的热损失、实现焦炉节能降耗的途径.其中,采用干熄焦和上升管余热利用技术回收红焦及荒煤气显热,成为焦炉热量回收利用的关键,其节能潜力巨大.