Modeling and distributed gain scheduling strategy for load frequency control in smart grids with communication topology changes

In this paper, we investigate the modeling and distributed control problems for the load frequency control (LFC) in a smart grid. In contrast with existing works, we consider more practical and real scenarios, where the communication topology of the smart grid changes because of either link failures or packet losses. These topology changes are modeled as a time-varying communication topology matrix. By using this matrix, a new closed-loop power system model is proposed to integrate the communication topology changes into the dynamics of a physical power system. The globally asymptotical stability of this closed-loop power system is analyzed. A distributed gain scheduling LFC strategy is proposed to compensate for the potential degradation of dynamic performance (mean square errors of state vectors) of the power system under communication topology changes. In comparison to conventional centralized control approaches, the proposed method can improve the robustness of the smart grid to the variation of the communication network as well as to reduce computation load. Simulation results show that the proposed distributed gain scheduling approach is capable to improve the robustness of the smart grid to communication topology changes.     

控制网络环境下高速铁路重型施工装备的运动综合与协调控制

在中国国家自然科学基金项目《网络环境下多通道电液比例控制系统的运动综合与协调控制》、中国国家高技术发展计划(863计划)项目《DCY850吨运梁车》和中国铁道部项目《高速铁路客运专线施工机械》共同资助下,讨论面向高速铁路和跨海大桥施工的重型构件搬运及施工装备(TCM HC)所涉及的分布式电液比例控制系统的运动综合、协调控制与功率传输问题,报告基于网络控制架构的解决方案所涉及的网络规划、控制策略和多任务分配与调度研究成果。提出面向工程应用的网络控制系统设计框架,强调在综合分析的基础上,进行网络规划和控制策略的分离设计。网络规划中,通过估计网络负载和引入频谱能量分析法粗拟出各控制回路的采样周期范围,基于非抢占RM算法设计带宽分配策略,确定各任务周期和优先级配置,满足网络的可调度性。针对有界长时延和随机短时延等两种情况,研究NCS节点级的滑模控制策略。采用确定性设计方法对有界长时延网络控制系统提出基于增广状态模型的滑模控制策略。对于输出反馈系统设计出带有状态估计器,且满足分离定理的滑模控制律。针对随机小时延网络控制系统提出TEE工作方式下的在线时延观测和估计方法,设计出基于在线回路时延估计的离散滑模控制器,可有效避免常规随机控制中大量存在的在线均值和方差运算。以DCY850运梁车的操纵与控制为对象,探讨大型分布式智能机械的运动综合与协调控制问题,提出网络控制与电液比例控制相结合的整体解决方案。针对多轴     

面向敏捷制造的智能制造单元框架结构的研究

分析了敏捷制造单元的构成和运行特征,提出建立敏捷制造单元智能自治体模型的原则,在此基础上建立了基于多智能自治体系统的敏捷制造单元运行控制框架结构。这种结构不仅很好地解决了敏捷制造单元分布式动态调度与控制问题,而且为制造系统集成和分布式、网络化制造环境下的多单元、多地点协调协作提供了集成框架和技术基础。     

Static-dynamic hybrid communication scheduling and control co-design for networked control systems

In this paper, the static-dynamic hybrid communication scheduling and control co-design is proposed for the networked control systems (NCSs) to solve the capacity limitation of the wireless communication network. The analytical most regular binary sequences (MRBSs) are used as the communication scheduling function for NCSs. When the communication conflicts yielded in the binary sequence MRBSs, a dynamic scheduling strategy is proposed to on-line reallocate the medium access status for each plant. Under such static-dynamic hybrid scheduling policy, plants in NCSs are described as the non-uniform sampled-control systems, whose controller have a group of controller gains and switch according to the sampling interval yielded by the binary sequence. A useful communication scheduling and control co-design framework is proposed for the NCSs to simultaneously decide the controller gains and the parameters used to generate the communication sequences MRBS. Numerical example and realistic example are respectively given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed co-design method.     

基于FXLMS算法的主动噪声控制降噪效果研究

分析了基于FXLMS算法的离线辨识与在线辨识主动噪声控制系统,通过Matlat对系统模型进行建模与仿真,着重比较在线辨识与离线辨识系统模型在稳定性和收敛性等方面的差异,及影响FXLMS算法性能的因素。     

Real-time tracking control of electro-hydraulic force servo systems using offline feedback control and adaptive control

This paper focuses on an application of an electro-hydraulic force tracking controller combined with an offline designed feedback controller (ODFC) and an online adaptive compensator in order to improve force tracking performance of an electro-hydraulic force servo system (EHFS). A proportional-integral controller has been employed and a parameter-based force closed-loop transfer function of the EHFS is identified by a continuous system identification algorithm. By taking the identified system model as a nominal plant model, an H_∞ offline design method is employed to establish an optimized feedback controller with consideration of the performance, control efforts, and robustness of the EHFS. In order to overcome the disadvantage of the offline designed controller and cope with the varying dynamics of the EHFS, an online adaptive compensator with a normalized least-mean-square algorithm is cascaded to the force closed-loop system of the EHFS compensated by the ODFC. Some comparative experiments are carried out on a real-time EHFS using an xPC rapid prototype technology, and the proposed controller yields a better force tracking performance improvement.     

基于遗传算法的网络控制系统调度优化研究

网络控制系统NCS(Networked Control system)是基于网络的分布式控制系统,具有强实时性。结合控制网络的实时调度与系统控制性能,应用单调速率RM(Rate Monotonic)方法对一组周期性的网络控制传输任务进行调度,采用遗传算法实现NCS的调度优化,同时满足了网络传输的优化调度与控制系统传输误差最小化的要求,提高了网络控制系统的性能,最后给出了优化实例。     

Holonic Concept Based Methodology for Part Routeing on Flexible Manufacturing Systems

A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is designed to achieve good productivity and low cost. The success of an FMS depends largely on effective production scheduling and control. However, it has been found that current manufacturing scheduling and control algorithms lack the flexibility to handle interruptions or resource breakdowns; hence, system performance drops dramatically and abruptly when interruptions occur. This research develops a computer-simulation-based framework of FMS scheduling and control system using the holonic concept. This framework can maintain stability and flexibility while accommodating system disturbance, increase throughput, reduce part flow-time and work-in-process inventory, and balance workload among identical workstations. The significance of this research is the investigation of an innovative approach to revolutionary advances of control technologies for advanced manufacturing systems, and to the revitalisation of control and scheduling algorithms used by existing FMSs. A case study has been provided to substantiate the effectiveness of this proposed framework.     

基于时间窗口的网络控制系统调度算法

由于网络控制系统中各个控制设备共享物理传输介质,造成了控制设备争用总线的问题,从而引起了控制数据传输的延时,而反馈控制系统的稳定性能由环延时决定,需要研究一种调度算法对网络中消息的传输进行调度,使消息可以满足其实时性要求。该调度算法从控制系统稳定性能角度出发,利用控制环的最大允许环延时确定控制环的采样周期,同时基于时间窗口得出控制环中各个节点的起始传输时刻,最终确定了系统静态调度表的结构。最后分析了该调度算法在CAN总线应用中需解决的问题以及未来的研究工作。     

网络控制系统中信息调度的研究进展

由于网络带宽的限制以及控制系统的时限要求，网络控制系统的性能不仅取决于控制算法的设计，而且取决于网络信息的调度，以实现各个网络节点资源分配。文中综述了网络控制系统中信息调度的研究进展，主要内容：首先比较了单处理器的任务调度与网络控制系统的信息调度；介绍了单处理器的RM和EDF两种实时调度算法以及多处理器的调度算法；讨论了调度的单独设计和调度与控制的共同设计；最后探讨了若干待解决的问题及发展趋势。     

基于DSP/BIOS的视频监控系统多线程调度研究

为了提高视频监控系统的实时性,提出了一种基于TMS320DM642实时内核DSP/BIOS的多线程调度软件框架实现方式,采用多线程的优先级BIOS下静态配置和信号灯(SEM)、邮箱(MBX)等多通信模块API函数动态调用的方法,并结合串口硬件中断来响应外部控制事件,实现了整个视频监控系统多线程之间的相互通信和数据共享,多种通信模块配合实时的完成了系统多线程的合理调度。在满足系统实时性和可靠性需求的前提下,经林区现场实验验证,此监控系统具有较高的准确性和实效性,系统设计和资源分配正确合理。     

基于物联网技术的智能电网输配电检测系统设计

近十年来,随着物联网和人工智能的飞速发展,电力部门通过引入“智能电网”来补偿当今电力供应的需求,有效利用电力资源。此背景下,利用物联网对智能电网进行监测、控制,是智能输配电的发展方向。本文所设计的检测系统基于物联网的应用通信思想和输配电监控框架,采用GPRS技术和ZigBee模块相结合的方式,实现传感器数据的传输。实验表明,该智能电网输配电检测系统通过物联网技术,满足通信数据、实时和远程监控系统的基本要求,可以在PC机甚至智能手机上直观显示输配电参数,将促进电力输送服务的健壮性、响应性和交互性。     

自动气象站的实时数据传输控制策略

针对自动气象站数据采集的实时性和及时性要求,考虑GPRS传输网络在线状况、数据丢包、乱序以及蓄电池欠压、中心站监控负担等情况,从数据传输实时检测机制和蓄电池欠压情况下的动态电源管理模式两个方面,提出一种气象数据实时传输控制策略,提高数据传输的实时性和及时率。实践证明该策略实施的可行性和有效性,为应急气象灾害预报服务获取实时的、及时的气象采集数据提供有效保障。     

CVT下线测试质量问题分析及在线返修策略研究

无极变速器(CVT)总成下线测试是无极变速器完成主要零部件装配后将无极变速器通过线体运输至总成下线测试台架内,使用总成下线测试台架的输入伺服电机模拟发动机为变速器提供动力源;使用总成下线测试台架的输出伺服电机模拟整车负载,通过高精度传感器检测整个过程中无极变速器各功能油道测试油压、伺服电机的转速、扭矩等测试结果判断无极变速器是否满足下线测试标准。通过测试软件查询测试过程的油压、转速、扭矩的测试信号曲线可以确定无极变速器的具体缺陷,根据具体的缺陷项目在线或离线返修。总成下线测试确保无极变速器的缺陷不会逃逸工厂,提高了产品的质量。     

复合功率分流系统发动机起动模型预测控制

复合功率分流混合动力系统从纯电动模式至电子无级变速（Electronic-continuously variable transmission,E-CVT）混合动力模式的切换过程,伴随发动机的起动。由于发动机在整个起动过程始终与传动系相连,其低速往复脉动阻力矩特性对车辆模式切换过程的驾驶平顺性有直接影响,若控制不当,常引起较大的车辆纵向冲击。针对复合功率分流混合动力系统模式切换过程,基于Matlab/Simulink平台建立传动系动态模型和发动机阻力矩模型;提出一种发动机起动模型预测优化控制策略,在线计算电机转矩拖转发动机跟踪目标最优转速曲线并补偿输出端转矩波动。离线仿真及硬件在环台架试验结果表明,所开发的发动机模型预测转速跟踪控制策略能够快速起动发动机并使车辆平稳切换,将整车纵向冲击度限制在11.0 m/s³以内,且对整车参数摄动具有较好的鲁棒抑制效果。     

基于神经网络的直线电磁阀式怠速系统预测控制方法研究

基于汽油发动机怠速系统的非线性、时变性和不确定性等特点,构建了神经网络与预测算法相结合的控制系统。利用预测控制算法的滚动优化和反馈校正的特性,采用神经网络建立系统的动态模型作为预测控制器的预测模型;提供怠速系统的开环输入输出数据离线训练神经网络,再在线对神经网络模型的权值和阀值进行调整,获得精确的预测模型,实现了对怠速系统的自适应控制。仿真结果表明,这种方法有效地提高了发动机怠速系统的控制精度、可靠性和转速的稳定性。     

Real-time control and scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems: An ordinal optimisation based approach

A unique real-time control and scheduling framework for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) is presented in this paper. The framework enables the adoption of different scheduling policies for short-term intervals when responding to the dynamic changes of the FMS shop floor status. Each time when rescheduling is called for, standard clock (SC) simulation is first employed to evaluate the performance of a set of scheduling policies for a short planning horizon. The ordinal optimisation concept is then used to choose quickly the most desirable scheduling policy. Owing to the use of the standard clock technique and the ordinal optimisation concept, this framework accomplishes a dramatic reduction in the time needed for decision making, the essential requirement for real-time control. It is also found that as the scale of the problem increases, the decision-making time increases linearly rather than exponentially. These two important features indicate that this framework has the potential for being successfully implemented in real FMS settings. Although the framework cannot always guarantee the global best performance, the case study indicates that satisfactory performance results are always achieved by using this framework.     

基于制造网格的虚拟企业组织变更与制造资源调度问题研究

为提高虚拟企业的组织和运营效率,引入网格技术,基于制造网格构建面向应用的虚拟企业架构。在虚拟企业环境下,根据制造资源不同的调度阶段,分别建立基于外网格的虚拟企业制造系统和基于内网格的成员企业制造子系统;提出以制造资源特征匹配为核心的虚拟企业分布式调度策略和成员企业本地调度策略。针对特征匹配过程,建立制造资源特征集,对每个特征集制订相应的匹配准则,以保证特征匹配的可行性,进而完成调度过程。最后,通过定制型人工关节产品开发实例,阐述了基于制造网格的虚拟企业组织和制造资源调度过程。     

核电循泵齿轮箱在线油液监测系统研究

以核电厂CRF循泵齿轮箱系统为对象,对油液在线监测系统的监测结果及可靠性开展分析。基于工况环境和特点,选择监测指标并设计相应的监测系统进行现场部署。通过对齿轮箱的在用油指标监测,系统分析水分、黏度、温度、污染度及各指标间的相关性,并与离线检测的数据进行对比分析。结果表明：设计的CRF循泵油液在线监测系统能真实反映油液各指标的实时状态,各指标变化趋势符合油液实际规律,与离线检测数据偏差在正常范围内。设计的油液在线监测系统在核电循泵中的应用可靠性高,能以此为依据进行故障预警及诊断。     

Direct power control of DFIG wind turbine systems based on an intelligent proportional-integral sliding mode control

This paper presents an intelligent proportional-integral sliding mode control (iPISMC) for direct power control of variable speed-constant frequency wind turbine system. This approach deals with optimal power production (in the maximum power point tracking sense) under several disturbance factors such as turbulent wind. This controller is made of two sub-components: (i) an intelligent proportional-integral module for online disturbance compensation and (ii) a sliding mode module for circumventing disturbance estimation errors. This iPISMC method has been tested on FAST/Simulink platform of a 5 MW wind turbine system. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed iPISMC method outperforms the classical PI and intelligent proportional-integral control (iPI) in terms of both active power and response time.