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1.
    
In the developing-country context of Nepal, farmers often incur seed losses of 15–30% due to improper storage. To evaluate the efficacy and costs of modern storage alternatives, experimental trials were set up among ten farmers each in two contrasting ecologies, i.e. Palpa (hills) and Rupandehi (terai plains) districts of Nepal in 2013. Several wheat seed storage options were contrasted including farmer practices (FP) such as reused fertilizer bags, polythene bags, household metal containers, and mud bins. Modern storage methods that were evaluated included plastic bags (with and without pesticide), metal bins, and hermetic ‘SuperGrain bag’ (SGB). Seed quality and losses were assessed after six months of storage (May–October) with parameters such as grain moisture content, insect damage, seed germination, and seedling vigor. The overall quality of seed with FPs was lower in the hills than in the terai plains. Among the treatments, SGBs were more effective in maintaining acceptable seed moisture levels, controlling insect damage (<1%), preserving germination (>90% lab, >65% field), and promoting seedling vigor. Metal bins and plastic bags without pesticide had higher insect damage (7–15%) compared to FP and plastic bags with pesticide (2–5%). In terms of storage costs, SGBs were comparable with the farmers' storage methods ($5–6 per 100 kg seed storage). Our findings demonstrate that SGBs are better at maintaining seed quality and more economical than not only FP but also the other modern storage methods evaluated in this study across production ecologies in Nepal.  相似文献   

2.
    
To predict the storability of grain, detailed information is required on the moisture distribution within the grain bulk since a significant variance can be expected in the moisture content between individual grain kernels during storage. Therefore, it is important to consider and determine the single kernel moisture content distribution. The aim of this work was to investigate mass transfer processes that occur during long-term and intermediate storage of grain. For it, the method of particle moisture distribution analysis by means of the Time Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy was used. For this purpose, fundamental laboratory-scale experiments were conducted in small storage containers. As these storage experiments revealed, the width of the particle moisture distribution decreased noticeably when there was enough air available in the container for moisture exchange. Thereafter, the storage experiments were extended to pilot-scale using barrels to store grain for months in the scope of about 90 kg per batch. These experiments were performed without ventilation so as to simulate dead zones of airflow that often occur under industrial-scale flat storage conditions. In the closed barrels, no equalization of the particle moisture content was observed even after eleven months of storage. The knowledge gained from the experiments conducted at the micro and meso levels facilitates the understanding of the mass transfer processes that occur during macro scale storage, which are difficult to examine as an entity.  相似文献   

3.
以郑单958玉米为原料,进行鼓风干燥和调质处理,将水分含量分别调为为14.5%、11.7%、9.9%和7.8%,在35℃下密闭储藏,研究在储藏过程中玉米生活力、电导率、过氧化氢酶活动度、脂肪酸值和品尝评分值的变化,探讨高温储藏玉米的水分含量与其储藏品质变化的规律。结果表明:在35℃条件下,水分含量为14.5%的玉米的生活力、过氧化氢酶活动度和品尝评分值降幅大,分别为100%、90.4 mg H2O2/g和42.1分;水分含量为7.8%的玉米的电导率、脂肪酸值增幅最小,分别为10.84μS·cm-1·g-1和12.8 mg KOH/100 g。  相似文献   

4.
Modelling moisture sorption isotherms for maize flour   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The sorption isotherm of food material is pertinent in the processing and storage of food products. Adsorption and desorption isotherms for maize flour were investigated using the static gravimetric method over the range of temperature (27–40 °C) and water activity (aw) (0.10–0.80) commonly experienced in the tropical environment. The experimental data were compared with five widely recommended models in the literature for food sorption isotherms (GAB, modified GAB (MGAB), modified Oswin (MOE), modified Henderson (MHDE), and modified Chung–Pfost (MCE)). The GAB, MGAB, and MOE models were found to be acceptable in predicting the moisture sorption isotherms for maize flour. Overall, the MGAB appears to be most suitable for fitting the adsorption and desorption moisture isotherms data for the maize flour.  相似文献   

5.
为研究北方特色蔬菜的介电特性与其主要品质:糖度、水分、色泽、硬度之间的数学关系。本研究采用矢量网络分析仪测量干燥过程中胡萝卜、辣椒在0~3 500 MHz范围内275个频率点下的相对介电常数和介质损耗因子,并测量了干燥过程中胡萝卜、辣椒的可溶性固形物含量、水分、色泽和硬度等参数。结果表明,介电特性与其理化品质之间均存在着显著的相关性。研究结果为利用介电常数检测干燥过程中蔬菜的理化品质奠定了基础,同时也为研发蔬菜理化性质的快速无损检测技术提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
含水量对小麦麦仁膨化品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
分析了小麦麦仁的含水量对麦仁膨化品质的影响,为小麦麦仁的精深加工提供科学依据。将小麦麦仁含水量调节到8%,10%,12%1,4%,16%,18%和20%7个水平,测定麦仁膨化品质。结果表明,在小麦麦仁品质和膨化压力等因素一致的条件下,小麦麦仁含水量对麦仁膨化品质的影响非常明显。最大的膨胀体积,鳞片大小和最小的未膨胀率在麦仁分含水量为16%取得。另外,膨化后的麦仁粉峰值黏度,谷值黏度,末值黏度,衰减值和回生值都比未膨化麦仁粉低,膨化后的麦仁粉凝胶硬度和咀嚼性比原麦仁粉降低。  相似文献   

7.
以发芽率为指标,研究了40份甘蓝型、白菜型和芥菜型油菜在-20℃、4℃、25℃、37℃、60℃温度储藏3个月、6个月、12个月后种子生活力的变化。结果显示:-20℃和4℃储藏下,不同基因型间种子发芽率变异较小,而25℃、37℃和60℃储藏下,基因型间种子生活力存在明显差异,选择60℃高温储藏不同时间的种子进行生活力鉴定,从甘蓝型、白菜型和芥菜型油菜中均筛选得到耐储藏的基因型。  相似文献   

8.
    
In this present study, seed vigor was tested after different storage durations (0, 60, 120, 180 days; maximum 420 days) in air-conditioning cabinets set to various temperatures (4, 10, 20 °C) and free-temperature at room condition. After seven days for each of the storage durations, germination rate (GR), mean germination time (MGT), germination speed (GS), seed vigor index (SVI), shoot and root length (SL, RL), shoot and root dry weight (SDW, RDW), root number (RN), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH for all seed lots were recorded. The average GR at room temperature storage decreased from 86% recorded on the 60th day, to 59% by the end of the 420th day, while germination rate was still around 70% with the seeds stored at 4 °C. The decrease in GS was recorded after the 300th day till the end of 420 days of storage (ranging between 9.8 and 9.4 seed day−1). The lowest SVI was 7.9 at the beginning of storage (day 0) and increased gradually within 60 days of storage for all temperatures tested. Irrespective of storage duration, the SL and RN showed the highest overall mean of 10.7 cm and 4.8 root for the seeds stored at 4 °C. EC sharply decreased overall to a mean of 18.9 μScm−1 g−1 for all temperatures within the first 60 days of storage. The highest correlation (r = 0.937) was determined between GS and MGT. This study provides a new insight to the farmers for better understanding that concerns practical implications of einkorn farming as follows: storage at 4 °C is best way of the maintanence of highest seed vigor. For the storage duration regardless of the temperatures, it can be kept minimum 60 days, since the seed deterioration can be effective after 180 days of storage depending on storage temperature.  相似文献   

9.
试验证明:收获期甜菜含水量与还原糖含量成正相关,含水量和还原糖含量高的甜菜不耐贮藏。生产上可以通过收获前限制灌水及施氮肥等栽培措施,降低收获前甜菜的含水量和还原糖含量。贮藏中随着时间的推移甜菜的含水量下降,而还原糖含量增加,二者成负相关,实践中采取相应减少贮藏甜菜失水的措施,使含水量下降速度缓慢,适当的大堆贮藏效果好于小堆贮藏。  相似文献   

10.
为了解不同含水量面条蒸煮时间差异和煮后面条口感不同的内在机制,以相同小麦粉为原料,制作了4种含水量的面条,与半干面(29.3%、25.1%水质量分数)、干面(13.8%水质量分数)相比,鲜面(32.6%水质量分数)的最佳蒸煮时间较短(是干面所需时间的26%),吸水率较低且蒸煮损失小(7.91%),煮后面条内部面筋蛋白网络结构致密、孔隙度小且连续性好,弹性和咀嚼性较好,感官评价得分最高,其次为半干面、干面。4种面条的水分组成在煮之前内部仅有较低比例的自由水(T23),主要以结合水(T21、T22)为主,其来自和面过程中加入的水分;蒸煮中从外部吸收水分;煮后面条水分组成均以自由水(T23)为主,结合水(T21、T22)比例减小,而鲜面(32.6%水质量分数)内部还保留一大部分弱结合水(T22),其来自和面过程中加入的水分;随着面条自身水质量分数减少,面筋网络结构致密度降低,质构和口感降低。因为蒸煮过程中从锅中吸收水分量大、煮面时间长、蒸煮损失大,干面的蒸煮品质比生鲜面差。  相似文献   

11.
探索高水分粳稻大米(含水量16. 2%)在三种不同储藏条件下的品质变化规律。这三种储藏条件分别为15℃,相对湿度(Relative humidity,RH) 65%~70%; 20℃,RH 68%; 25℃,RH 55%。在储藏过程中,大米L值降低,b值升高;蒸煮米饭的硬度增大,黏性和弹性下降。大米自身的水分与L值呈显著正相关,与蒸煮米饭的硬度呈显著负相关,与黏性、弹性呈极显著正相关。脂肪酸值与L值、黏性、弹性呈极显著负相关,与b值、硬度、内聚性呈极显著正相关。蒸煮米饭的硬度与黏性、弹性呈极显著负相关,与内聚性呈极显著正相关。大米胚乳横切面的复合淀粉体周围有很多小孔,随着储藏时间的延长,小孔增多变大,且复合淀粉体之间的界限变得模糊。20℃以上储存大米时,微观结构发生了明显的变化。  相似文献   

12.
水分含量对鲜湿米粉品质影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究不同水分含量对鲜湿米粉成品感官品质,蒸煮特性方面影响;并研究水分含量对鲜湿米粉储藏期内感官品质、微生物指标、蒸煮特性(蒸煮损失率和熟断条率)和酸度影响。结果表明,水分含量为65%鲜湿米粉成品感官评分最高;在储藏期内,随水分含量增加,鲜湿米粉感官品质变劣速度、微生物指标超标、蒸煮损失率和熟断条率及酸度增加也越快。经综合考虑,选鲜湿米粉最宜水分含量为65%。  相似文献   

13.
为考察水分含量对冻结金线鱼肉香肠品质影响,将水分质量分数分别为76%、78%、80%、82%、84%的金线鱼肉香肠在-20 ℃条件下冻结,并以4 ℃冷藏样品为对照组,以冻结曲线、解冻损失、持水性、水分分布及存在状态、质构特性、微观结构、感官评价作为评定指标。结果显示:在-20 ℃冻结条件下,随着金线鱼肉香肠水分含量的增加,冻结点升高,解冻损失增大。鱼肉香肠的持水性、质构特性及感官评价均随着水分含量的增加而下降,不易流动水转变为自由水,凝胶网络结构对水分的束缚能力减弱,微观结构松散多孔,且-20 ℃冻结的金线鱼肉香肠各指标低于4 ℃冷藏组。表明降低冻结金线鱼肉香肠的水分含量可提高鱼肠的品质。  相似文献   

14.
枸杞平衡含水率的测定及其干燥工艺的优化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
枸杞的平衡含水率是研究枸杞干燥特性和干燥工艺优化的基础。本文采用静态称重法,利用LHS-250HC-II型恒温恒湿试验箱和DHG-9240A型电热鼓风干燥箱,测得枸杞在温度为40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃,相对湿度为40%、50%、60%、70%的平衡含水率。通过对干燥特性曲线的分析,得出干燥快速阶段干燥工艺参数为温度40℃,相对湿度40%,干燥恒速阶段干燥工艺参数为温度50℃,相对湿度40%,干燥降速阶段干燥工艺参数为温度60℃,相对湿度40%的工艺参数组合,此干燥工艺干燥时间最短,干燥品质最好。  相似文献   

15.
    
The harvested paddy rice grains are normally stored by growers under normal conditions. Paddy rice grains are natural food for storage pests like Sitotroga. cerealella, a major insect that appears during paddy storage. The changes in grain composition due to such insect infestation in relation to human health especially the alteration in their Glycemic Index (GI) value have not been studied so far. The present investigation was aimed at studying the effect of S. cerealella infestation on rice grain quality and glycemic index of stored paddy grains. Five diverse rice genotypes with different quality traits were evaluated for grain quality after S. cerealella infestation. The tolerance to insect and variation of grain quality varied with rice genotype significantly. The glycemic index, glycemic load, total carbohydrate, amylose content and resistant starch were affected to a great extent. The consumption of affected grains may create health issue due to imbalance in nutrition and unhygienic condition. Improper storage of paddy after harvesting and processing results in infestation by pests at a large scale. Thus, the grain quality needs to be evaluated to judge the suitability of affected grain for consumption.  相似文献   

16.
研究了贮存温度引起牛乳亚硝酸盐含量的变化。结果表明,牛乳亚硝酸盐的含量变化主要受贮存温度和受污染情况的影响、次之是pH值、贮存时间、贮存时微生物数量的多少而变化。研究表明,对牛乳亚硝酸盐的控制首先使新榨出的乳尽快地降到5℃,同时尽量避免外界污染及缩短贮存时间是避免原料牛乳亚硝酸盐升高的最好措施。  相似文献   

17.
红地球、巨峰葡萄采后果实品质变化的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了红地球和巨峰葡萄采后果实品质的变化规律。结果表明:无论在常温下还是在贮藏过程中,红地球和巨峰葡萄中还原糖、可滴定酸、VC含量逐渐减少,其中可滴定酸VC含量变化与贮藏时间呈显著的负相关;保鲜剂处理能明显降低还原糖、可滴定酸、VC的降解和损失。红地球葡萄的耐藏性明显好于巨峰葡萄,在0℃ CT-2 聚乙烯塑料包装条件下,巨峰葡萄贮至135d好果率为87.8%,而红地球葡萄贮至150d好果率仍达92.7%。  相似文献   

18.
To explore the complex relationship between processing conditions and functional and nutritional properties of food products containing whey protein isolate (WPI), we investigated the effect of extrusion texturization at various temperatures (50, 75, and 100°C) and varying moisture levels of the feed (20, 30, 40, and 50%) on changes in the composition, molecular structure, and protein quality of the extrudates. Bradford assay methods were used to determine protein solubility of the extruded WPI as a function of changing level of moisture. Protein compositional changes as a function of extrusion conditions were quantitatively characterized and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE and reversed-phase-HPLC techniques. We showed that at a given temperature, increasing the extrusion moisture content resulted in a slight increase in the overall protein water solubility (at 50 and 75°C), averaging approximately 5% per 10% increase in moisture content. A reduction in β-lactoglobulin content was observed at 50°C with increasing moisture content, indicative of the sensitive nature of β-lactoglobulin to extrusion treatment, whereas the amount of α-lactalbumin remained unchanged at all moisture contents used at a set temperature. The protein quality of the extruded WPI, determined chemically by available sulfhydryl and primary and secondary amines, remained relatively unchanged as a function of moisture level. Circular dichroism and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopic studies revealed considerable structural changes, both at the secondary structural level and the tertiary contacts as a function of increasing temperature, and higher moisture levels can slightly preserve secondary structures but not the tertiary contacts of the protein molecules. Atomic force microscopy provided direct visualization of the fine difference of the protein particles caused by changing extrusion moisture contents, which is in close agreement with the results obtained using other techniques in this work.  相似文献   

19.
本研究分别测定经过快速、常规、延迟冷排酸处理后不同时间点滩羊肉的p H、色泽、系水力、冷却失重等指标,运用低场核磁共振仪检测宰后滩羊肉样品水分的变化规律。结果表明:随着成熟时间的延长,延迟冷排酸处理组的p H下降速率较快,L*值先升高后降低,a*值先降低后升高,冷却失重较大,不易流动水的含量较低;快速冷排酸处理组的p H下降速率较慢,系水力呈先增大后减小的趋势,冷却失重较小,不易流动的水分含量较高,且不易流动水的弛豫时间显著高于其他两组(p<0.05);三组滩羊肉的T21、T22、T23、T24的峰面积之间差异显著(p<0.05);低场核磁图像能够快速反应滩羊肉的水分含量。综合指标看,快速冷却排酸处理组羊肉具有冷却失重小、系水力高的优点,明显优于其他两种排酸方式。   相似文献   

20.
容重是评价粮食质量的一项重要指标,本文首先分析了几种主要粮食作物容重与水分的相关关系,进而确立了通过容重预测玉米水分的主题。然后在自制的干燥试验台上,模拟干燥机的干燥方式获得如下实验数据:几种风速下不同风温时玉米容重与水分的关系曲线,以及几种风温下不同风速时玉米容重与水分的关系曲线,然后对得到的不同干燥条件下的试验数据利用Design-expert8.0.5软件进行处理与分析,并采用Matlab对大量实验数据进行拟合,得到了玉米含水率(M)和干燥过程热风温度(T)两个因素与玉米容重(ρ)之间相互关系的较为合理的数学模型,并自主设计了容重法在线检测玉米水分的实验装置,最后将该装置安装在粮食干燥机的出口处进行了性能试验,并进行误差分析。说明通过粮食容重预测水分是可行的,为粮食水分在线检测提供了又一种新方法。  相似文献   

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