Adaptive Robust Tracking Control of Pressure Trajectory Based on Kalman Filter

When adaptive robust control(ARC) strategy based on backstepping design is applied in pneumatic servo control, accurate pressure tracking in motion is especially necessary for both force and position trajectories tracking of rodless pneumatic cylinders, and therefore an adaptive robust pressure controller is developed in this paper to improve the tracking accuracy of pressure trajectory in the chamber when the pneumatic cylinder is moving. In the proposed adaptive robust pressure controller, off-line fitting of the orifice area and on-line parameter estimation of the flow coefficient are utilized to have improved model compensation, and meanwhile robust feedback and Kalman filter are used to have strong robustness against uncertain nonlinearities, parameter fluctuations and noise. Research results demonstrate that the adaptive robust pressure controller could not only track various pressure trajectories accurately even when the pneumatic cylinder is moving, but also obtain very smooth control input, which indicates the effectiveness of adaptive model compensation. Especially when a step pressure trajectory is tracked under the condition of the movement of a rodless pneumatic cylinder, maximum tracking error of ARC is 4.46 kPa and average tracking error is 0.99 kPa, and steady-state error of ARC could achieve 0.84 kPa, which is very close to the measurement accuracy of pressure transducer.     

Practical and intuitive controller design method for precision positioning of a pneumatic cylinder actuator stage

The present paper describes a practical and intuitive controller design method for precision positioning of pneumatic cylinder actuator stages. Pneumatic actuators are easy to use and have numerous advantages, which has led to these actuators having a wide variety of applications. However, pneumatic actuators have notable nonlinear characteristics, which make precision positioning difficult to achieve. The purpose of the present study is to clarify a practical and intuitive controller design procedure for precision positioning of a pneumatic cylinder actuator. In addition to positioning performance, the present study focuses on the realization of easy controller design without the need for the exact model parameters or knowledge in control theory for general-industrial-use pneumatic cylinder actuators with friction characteristics. These considerations are important in order to fully exploit the advantages of pneumatic cylinder actuators in a wide variety of applications. As such, three elements are added to the conventional continuous-motion nominal characteristic trajectory following (CM NCTF) controller. A new design procedure of the improved CM NCTF controller for pneumatic cylinder actuator stages is introduced, and the positioning performance of the designed control system is examined experimentally under several conditions. The positioning results generally indicate a positioning error of 50 nm, which is equal to the sensor resolution.     

利用磁性无活塞杆气缸的磁场检测气缸加速度的原理研究

简要介绍磁性无活塞杆气缸的结构以及现今磁性无活塞杆气缸的加速度检测手段；通过对其内部结构和磁场分布的分析研究，提出一种新的检测思想和实施方案，并原理性的推导出气缸加速度的计算公式。     

Using two servovalves to improve pneumatic force control in industrial cylinders

Pneumatic actuation systems present several advantages like low cost, high force/volume ratios, and the absence of significant heat or magnetic field generation. However, its use in complex control tasks is hindered by their highly nonlinear behavior. This drawback is caused not only by the nonlinear behavior of phenomena like friction but also by the large variation of some of the system proprieties with the system state. One of such proprieties is the fluidic stiffness of the actuator, which may suffer significant changes with the piston velocity when the pressure dynamics of both actuator chambers are coupled due to the use of only one servovalve. This dependency can be eliminated if the pressure (or pneumatic force) inside each chamber is independently controlled using two servovalves. In this paper, two pneumatic force allocation strategies are proposed and analyzed. In the first one, the stiffness of the actuator becomes independent of the pneumatic force reference. In the second one, the pneumatic forces are devised to avoid early pressure saturation of the cylinder chambers. Based on an experimental test rig, both strategies are compared against each other and against the use of only one servovalve.     

电控气动式AMT系统分析建模

为了实现自动机械变速器(AMT)快速、光滑地气动换挡,分析了AMT系统动力传动情况,结合影响换挡品质的主要因素,确定了AMT气动伺服控制的关键阶段。建立AMT气动系统非线性模型,包括气缸输出刚度动态模型。引入改进的LuGre摩擦模型,并通过试验辨识其相关的动、静态参数。提出了一种离合器负载特性估计的新方法,从而构建电控气动式AMT系统完整的数学模型。     

Large dynamic range nanopositioning using iterative learning control

This paper presents the control system design and tracking performance for a large range single-axis nanopositioning system that is based on a moving magnet actuator and a flexure bearing. While the physical system is designed to be free of friction and backlash, the nonlinearities in the electromagnetic actuator as well as the harmonic distortion in the drive amplifier degrade the tracking performance for dynamic commands. It is shown that linear feedback and feedforward proves to be inadequate to overcome these nonlinearities. This is due to the low open-loop bandwidth of the physical system, which limits the achievable closed-loop bandwidth given actuator saturation concerns. For periodic commands, like those used in scanning applications, the component of the tracking error due to the system nonlinearities exhibits a deterministic pattern and repeats every period. Therefore, a phase lead type iterative learning controller (ILC) is designed and implemented in conjunction with linear feedback and feedforward to reduce this periodic tracking error by more than two orders of magnitude. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of ILC in achieving 10 nm RMS tracking error over 8 mm motion range in response to a 2 Hz band-limited triangular command. This corresponds to a dynamic range of more than 10⁵ for speeds up to 32 mm/s, one of the highest reported in the literature so far, for a cost-effective desktop-sized single-axis motion system.     

气动恒力控制系统的自抗扰控制

针对磨削和抛光等对恒力控制装置的迫切需求,开展气动恒力控制系统研究。由于气动系统存在比例流量阀死区、气缸摩擦力以及气体可压缩等非线性问题,提出了一种二阶线性PID自抗扰控制器,并加入了死区补偿器。该控制器采用跟踪微分器对输入信号进行过渡,利用扩张状态观测器对非线性参数影响进行估计,并通过线性PID反馈控制律进行补偿,同时引入死区补偿器快速跳过死区范围。试验结果表明,相比传统PID控制和积分型线性自抗扰控制(I-LADRC),线性PID自抗扰控制具有更好的动态响应以及更强的鲁棒性,并且稳态误差小于2 N。     

气动人工肌肉驱动器的动态跟随控制研究

研究了气动人工肌肉驱动器的动态位置跟随控制技术,构建了控制实验系统,设计了控制系统软件,并运用BP神经网络PID控制算法对其进行实验控制研究。实验结果表明,能够较好地实现气动人工肌肉驱动器的位置定位控制和动态跟随控制。     

闭式泵控新型液压-机械执行器位置控制特性

滚珠丝杠具有高精度、阻力小、效率高等优点,是工业上常见的变回转运动为直线运动的执行机构。为使其充分结合液压系统功重比大的特点,提出了一种新型的液压-机械执行器系统,该系统在电动缸的基础上,采用液压马达替代电动机驱动滚珠丝杠,并推导出其数学模型。在多学科仿真软件SimulationX中建立了该系统的物理模型,对系统的闭环位置控制特性进行了仿真研究。结果表明:闭式泵控新型液压-机械执行器系统可以实现快速、准确、稳定的位置控制;当正弦信号的幅值为50 mm时,系统的带宽为0.52 Hz;系统具有良好的抗负载干扰能力。     

基于高速开关阀的气动执行器位置伺服控制研究

使用一种五点开关PWM控制算法对高速开关阀气动执行器进行位置伺服控制。分析了开关阀的启闭滞后现象．并提出了一种修正方法,该方法可有效地消除系统的静态误差。实验结果表明,用高速开关阀可以实现快速、精确的气动执行器位置伺服控制。     

Improving dynamic performances of PWM-driven servo-pneumatic systems via a novel pneumatic circuit

In this paper, the effect of pneumatic circuit design on the input–output behavior of PWM-driven servo-pneumatic systems is investigated and their control performances are improved using linear controllers instead of complex and costly nonlinear ones. Generally, servo-pneumatic systems are well known for their nonlinear behavior. However, PWM-driven servo-pneumatic systems have the advantage of flexibility in the design of pneumatic circuits which affects the input–output linearity of the whole system. A simple pneumatic circuit with only one fast switching valve is designed which leads to a quasi-linear input–output relation. The quasi-linear behavior of the proposed circuit is verified both experimentally and by simulations. Closed loop position control experiments are then carried out using linear P- and PD-controllers. Since the output position is noisy and cannot be directly differentiated, a Kalman filter is designed to estimate the velocity of the cylinder. Highly improved tracking performances are obtained using these linear controllers, compared to previous works with nonlinear controllers.     

气动执行器位置伺服控制研究

本文使用一种五点开关PWM控制算法对高速开关阀控气动执行器进行位置伺服控制。分析了开关阀的启闭滞后现象,并提出了一种修正方法,该方法可有效地消除系统的静态误差。实验结果表明,用高速开关阀可以实现快速、精确的气动执行器位置伺服控制。     

气动执行机构封闭层与塞盘间阻力对动作效果的影响与研究

双作用气动执行机构因其出色的经济性和可靠性被广泛应用于工业领域,但也因为其控制精度较低而使用范围受限;研究主要利用流体力学和牛顿力学原理针对可调节气动执行机构控制精度低的缺点,使用Comsol软件对其气缸进行建模,在不考虑其他因素情况下利用施加封闭层与塞盘之间阻力的方法,对气动执行机构内塞盘动作效果影响进行模拟,研究其阻力大小的改变对于塞盘动作效果的影响,达到降低可调节气动执行机构控制误差的目的。     

气动张力控制系统在放卷装置中的应用

为解决纸张放卷过程中断纸、跑偏等问题,将气动技术应用到纸张放卷装置中,开展了纸张恒张力控制过程分析,提出了采用气缸浮辊位移的变化来检测纸张中的张力变化的方法,结合变速积分PID控制算法,完成了对纸张的恒张力控制。设计了以MCS-51单片机为主控芯片,位移传感器为反馈环节,电控气动比例阀为执行机构的气动张力控制系统。系统运行结果表明,气缸浮辊位移变化能快速响应张力变化,具有稳定性好、位移偏差低、控制精度高、鲁棒性强等优点,对收放卷系统恒张力控制具有重要的借鉴意义。     

气动应用领域的CAD,CAE和计算机数据库技术

本文概括介绍FESTO公司在气动技术上的一些软件。其中像气动回路选型及仿真验算软件,目前在气动领域尚属首例。     

多模式柔顺膝关节康复器设计及力分析

研究开发了一种多模式柔顺膝关节康复器,提出了无杆气缸+气动柔性驱动器的复合驱动技术,保证了对膝关节康复训练柔顺性和大行程的要求.设计了康复器的结构和控制系统的软、硬件,并对康复器的驱动力进行了分析.所研发的康复器可实现膝关节主动、被动等多种模式的康复训练.     

气动人工肌肉系统动态特性研究

提出将气动人工肌肉视为带有弹性负载的变截面气缸的观点，方便地建立了气动人工肌肉系统动态数学模型。将气动人工肌肉的工作过程划分为等客充气、充气收缩、排气伸长和等容排气四个部分，通过仿真和实验研究对气动人工肌肉进行了特性分析。实验结果表明了所建立的动态数学模型的正确性，为气动人工肌肉应用研究奠定了基础。     

介绍一种气动新产品--仿生气动肌肉腱

一种非常特殊、又极其“简单”的气动执行元件带来了气动技术的一场革命。它模仿自然界的肌肉运动。与常规气缸相比 ,它无活塞、活塞杆、密封圈、缸体、端盖等零部件 ,却能产生同类缸径 10倍的拉伸力     

起重机泵阀协同系统模式切换压力冲击研究

现有的起重机泵阀协同压力流量复合液压控制系统,降低了快速大流量时的系统能耗,提高了微动时流量的控制精度;但是该系统在快速模式和微动模式之间切换时,液压缸无杆腔内会产生流量和压力的剧烈波动,原因是电液比例泵和电液比例多路阀的控制不协调.为有效解决这一问题,建立一种泵阀协同压力复合液压控制系统的AMESim和Simulin...     

多缸同步提升电液系统建模和控制

针对多缸同步提升电液系统,在分析系统运动的数学模型和液压缸的冗余性问题后,提出一种具有二级的非线性系统控制器。该控制器的外环级采用线性多输入多输出系统的定量反馈控制理论和冗余性分析策略,以获得多缸同步运动所需的各缸期望负载压力；内环级由n个基于扰动观测的单输入单输出液压缸非线性负载压力控制器组成,用于在有扰动情况下实现对每个提升缸期望负载压力的精确跟踪控制。以四缸同步提升系统为实例的运行结果表明,该控制策略可以有效地实现多缸运动同步控制。