Adaptive backstepping slide mode control of pneumatic position servo system

With the price decreasing of the pneumatic proportional valve and the high performance micro controller, the simple structure and high tracking performance pneumatic servo system demonstrates more application potential in many fields. However, most existing control methods with high tracking performance need to know the model information and to use pressure sensor. This limits the application of the pneumatic servo system. An adaptive backstepping slide mode control method is proposed for pneumatic position servo system. The proposed method designs adaptive slide mode controller using backstepping design technique. The controller parameter adaptive law is derived from Lyapunov analysis to guarantee the stability of the system. A theorem is testified to show that the state of closed-loop system is uniformly bounded, and the closed-loop system is stable. The advantages of the proposed method include that system dynamic model parameters are not required for the controller design, uncertain parameters bounds are not need, and the bulk and expensive pressure sensor is not needed as well. Experimental results show that the designed controller can achieve better tracking performance, as compared with some existing methods.     

An enhanced tracking control of marine surface vessels based on adaptive integral sliding mode control and disturbance observer

In this paper, a new control methodology is developed to enhance the tracking performance of fully actuated surface vessels based on an integrating between an adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) and a disturbance observer (DO). First, an integral sliding mode control (ISMC), in which the backstepping control technique is used as the nominal controller, is designed for the system. The major features, i.e., benefits and drawbacks, of the ISMC are discussed thoroughly. Then, to enhance the tracking performance of the system, an adaptive technique and a new disturbance observer based on sliding mode technique are developed and integrated into the ISMC. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved based on Lyapunov criteria. Computer simulation is performed to illustrate the tracking performance of the proposed controller and compare with the existing controllers for the tracking control of a surface vessel. The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy.     

基于NDO的ROV滤波反步轨迹跟踪控制

针对作业型遥控水下机器人(ROV)在轨迹跟踪过程中存在模型非线性、强耦合、模型参数不确定和外界干扰不确定等问题,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器(NDO)的滤波自适应反步控制策略。使用NDO观测模型的不确定性和外界干扰,通过指令滤波器避免了直接对虚拟控制量解析求导的过程,利用自适应律补偿观测器观测残量。通过Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了跟踪误差系统的渐进稳定。仿真实验表明,设计的控制器能够实现精确的轨迹跟踪,具有较好的鲁棒特性。     

Robust adaptive integral backstepping control for opto-electronic tracking system based on modified LuGre friction model

This paper presents a robust adaptive integral backstepping control strategy with friction compensation for realizing accurate and stable control of opto-electronic tracking system in the presence of nonlinear friction and external disturbance. With the help of integral control term to decrease the steady-state error of the system and combining robust adaptive control approach with the backstepping design method, a novel control method is constructed. Nonlinear modified LuGre observer is designed to estimate friction behavior. Robust adaptive integral backstepping control strategy is developed to compensate the changes in friction behavior and external disturbance of the servo system. The stability of the opto-electronic tracking system is proved by Lyapunov criterion. The performance of robust adaptive integral backstepping controller is verified by the opto-electronic tracking system with modified LuGre model in simulation and practical experiments. Compared to the adaptive integral backstepping sliding mode control method, the root mean square of angle error is reduced by 26.6% when the proposed control method is used. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategy.     

Neural network adaptive position tracking control of underactuated autonomous surface vehicle

The present study investigates the position tracking control of the underactuated autonomous surface vehicle, which is subjected to parameters uncertainties and external disturbances. In this regard, the backstepping method, neural network, dynamic surface control and the sliding mode method are employed to design an adaptive robust controller. Moreover, a Lyapunov synthesis is utilized to verify the stability of the closed-loop control system. Following innovations are highlighted in this study: (i) The derivatives of the virtual control signals are obtained through the dynamic surface control, which overcomes the computational complexities of the conventional backstepping method. (ii) The designed controller can be easily applied in practical applications with no requirement to employ the neural network and state predictors to obtain model parameters. (iii) The prediction errors are combined with position tracking errors to construct the neural network updating laws, which improves the adaptation and the tracking performance. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed position tracking controller.

     

输入受限的非完整移动机器人的自适应模糊控制

提出了一种非完整移动机器人饱和自适应模糊轨迹跟踪控制方法,该方法基于反演技术分别设计了系统的运动学控制器和动力学控制器。运动学控制器通过引入分流控制技术解决了初始速度跳变引起的控制量突变问题,动力学控制器利用饱和函数和受限控制参数实现了其有界力矩控制。自适应模糊控制器将模糊逻辑系统与自适应方法相结合,有效消除了常规方法难以解决的系统未知不确定性对系统的影响。通过Lyapunov直接法证明了该系统是收敛且渐进稳定的。仿真结果验证了所设计控制器的良好控制性能和强鲁棒性。     

Robust adaptive precision motion control of hydraulic actuators with valve dead-zone compensation

This paper addresses the high performance motion control of hydraulic actuators with parametric uncertainties, unmodeled disturbances and unknown valve dead-zone. By constructing a smooth dead-zone inverse, a robust adaptive controller is proposed via backstepping method, in which adaptive law is synthesized to deal with parametric uncertainties and a continuous nonlinear robust control law to suppress unmodeled disturbances. Since the unknown dead-zone parameters can be estimated by adaptive law and then the effect of dead-zone can be compensated effectively via inverse operation, improved tracking performance can be expected. In addition, the disturbance upper bounds can also be updated online by adaptive laws, which increases the controller operability in practice. The Lyapunov based stability analysis shows that excellent asymptotic output tracking with zero steady-state error can be achieved by the developed controller even in the presence of unmodeled disturbance and unknown valve dead-zone. Finally, the proposed control strategy is experimentally tested on a servovalve controlled hydraulic actuation system subjected to an artificial valve dead-zone. Comparative experimental results are obtained to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

A new robust control for minirotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper presents a new robust control based on finite-time Lyapunov stability controller and proved with backstepping method for the position and the attitude of a small rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle subjected to bounded uncertainties and disturbances. The dynamical motion equations are obtained by the Newton–Euler formalism. The proposed controller combines the advantage of the backstepping approach with finite-time convergence techniques to generate a control laws to guarantee the faster convergence of the state variables to their desired values in short time and compensate for the bounded disturbances. A formal proof of the closed-loop stability and finite-time convergence of tracking errors is derived using the Lyapunov function technique. Simulation results are presented to corroborate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed control method.     

Decentralized adaptive neural prescribed performance control for high-order stochastic switched nonlinear interconnected systems with unknown system dynamics

In this paper, the problem of decentralized adaptive neural backstepping control is investigated for high-order stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown interconnected nonlinearity and prescribed performance under arbitrary switchings. For the control of high-order nonlinear interconnected systems, it is assumed that unknown system dynamics and arbitrary switching signals are unknown. First, by utilizing the prescribed performance control (PPC), the prescribed tracking control performance can be ensured, while the requirement for the initial error is removed. Second, at each recursive step, only one adaptive parameter is constructed to overcome the over-parameterization, and RBF neural networks are employed to tackle the difficulties caused by completely unknown system dynamics. At last, based on the common Lyapunov stability method, the decentralized adaptive neural control method is proposed, which decreases the number of learning parameters. It is shown that the designed common controller can ensure that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB), and the prescribed tracking control performance is guaranteed under arbitrary switchings. The simulation results are presented to further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

液压柔性机械臂等效模型的鲁棒控制

针对液压柔性机械臂的等效动力学模型——柔性负载电液位置伺服系统,提出了滑模控制和自适应反演控制相结合的鲁棒控制器设计方法。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论的系统稳定性分析,证明系统跟踪误差将收敛至零,同时控制了柔性负载的振动。仿真实例表明了设计方法的正确性。     

两非对称液压缸同步举升系统的自适应跟踪控制

针对由两个非对称液压缸组成的电液伺服同步举升系统,首先建立了该系统的非线性耦合模型,并在该模型的基础上设计出一种鲁棒自适应跟踪控制器。该控制器利用多变量后推设计方法实现了液压缸对目标轨迹的跟踪控制以及同步控制,并结合参数自适应律解决系统中某些参数的不确定性问题。整个控制律的设计过程通过Lyapunov函数方法保证系统的稳定性。为验证该控制律,使用AMESim软件构建两非对称液压缸同步举升系统仿真模型,仿真结果验证了提出方法的有效性。     

Disturbance observer-based backstepping sliding mode fault-tolerant control for the hydro-turbine governing system with dead-zone input

This paper investigates a backstepping sliding mode fault-tolerant tracking control problem for a hydro-turbine governing system with consideration of external disturbances, actuator faults and dead-zone input. To reduce the effects of the unknown random disturbances, the nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to identify and estimate the disturbance term. To drastically decrease the complexity of stability functions selection and controller design, the recursive processes of the backstepping technique are employed. Additionally, based on the nonlinear disturbance observer and the backstepping technique, the sliding mode fault-tolerant tracking control approach is developed for the hydro-turbine governing system (HTGS). The stability of HTGS is rigorously demonstrated through Lyapunov analysis which is capable to satisfy a tracking control performance. Finally, comprehensive simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme.     

汽车悬架系统混沌运动的自适应反演滑模控制

从存在干扰作用的不确定性汽车悬架系统出发,结合反演设计理论,提出悬架系统混沌运动的自适应滑模控制方法。该方法利用自适应律对系统所受不确定性因素进行估计,采用Lyapunov函数理论证明该控制器的渐进稳定性。仿真结果表明：即使存在悬架系统参数时变、模型不确定以及不同等级路面激励干扰情况,该控制方法也能对悬架系统混沌运动进行有效控制,使无序的振动位移和速度向稳定状态转变,且其数值大幅降低,同时悬架系统的垂直振动加速度也明显减小,车辆行驶的平顺性和安全性提高。由于控制器不依赖汽车悬架系统模型中的非线性项,且控制器中的自适应干扰估计能有效抵消不确定性因素所带来的影响,具有良好的自适应性和鲁棒性,因此研究结果可望为设计汽车可控悬架系统、提高乘坐舒适性,提供有用的控制方法参考。     

一种基于Lyapunov约束的学习控制方法及应用

针对非线性系统的稳定控制器直接设计问题,提出一种基于Lyapunov稳定性条件的学习控制器设计方法框架,将传统的控制器设计与稳定性证明分析问题转化为以控制器为求解项,Lyapunov稳定条件为约束的最优化问题,提供了一种直接求解全局稳定的最优控制器的新途径。首先建立了以系统跟踪误为目标函数与以Lyapunov稳定条件为约束的最优化问题,接着给出了一类基于神经网络实现的PID结合前馈控制器设计形式,最后分析并设计了学习控制器求解方法,采用相关深度学习技术以提升求解能力。二阶线性与非线性系统仿真测试与一级旋转倒立摆模拟实验表明所提方法具有快速收敛、低误差、控制输出平滑且低幅值等特点;在加入扰动、噪声、参数不确定性和不同的测试期望输出条件下的反步法对比测试结果表明所提方法对扰动与噪声具有强抑制能力,同时学习控制器具有高泛化能力。基于V-Rep的一级旋转倒立摆模拟与四旋翼单轴控制实物实验结果验证了所提方法对物理系统控制问题具有高控制精度与强抗扰能力。     

无模型机械臂BP神经网络状态观测及反演跟踪控制

针对摩擦阻尼及模型参数不确定的情况,运用反演控制设计策略,针对多连杆机械臂提出了一种基于神经网络观测器的无模型轨迹跟踪控制方法。运用带有修正项的自适应BP神经网络观测器对不可测状态量进行观测,同时对系统模型进行在线逼近。在此基础上设计了基于观测状态和逼近模型的反演跟踪控制器, Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了该控制器能够保证跟踪误差的有界和闭环系统中所有信号的有界。跟踪给定轨迹的仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

自主式水下机器人自适应区域跟踪控制

研究自主式水下机器人的区域跟踪控制问题,提出一种基于PD神经滑模的自适应区域跟踪控制方法。针对自主式水下机器人自适应控制器中仅在线调整网络权值的径向基函数神经网络存在收敛性能差的问题,给出同时对径向基函数神经网络权值、径向基函数中心与方差进行自适应调整的方法,使径向基函数神经网络无须离线选取径向基函数中心与方差,即可进行在线自适应学习。考虑到控制器中滑模控制项易引起系统抖振的问题,提出一种基于指数函数的滑模切换增益调节方法,使滑模切换增益能够依据跟踪误差实时调节以降低系统抖振。基于Lyapunov理论对所提自适应区域跟踪控制方法的稳定性进行分析。通过自主式水下机器人的仿真试验与水池试验验证所提方法的有效性。     

具有状态约束的电液伺服系统模型参考鲁棒自适应控制

针对电液伺服系统中的模型不确定性和状态约束问题,设计了一种模型参考鲁棒自适应控制(MRRAC)方法。将电液伺服系统的近似模型作为模型预测控制(MPC)的设计对象,在设计过程中考虑状态约束,并生成受约束的状态期望,作为后续伺服控制方法的参考指令。为了克服液压系统中的模型不确定性,基于反步法设计了鲁棒自适应控制器(RAC),实现了兼顾模型不确定性和状态约束的伺服控制。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计控制策略的闭环渐近稳定性,且系统所有信号均有界。仿真结果表明,控制器对于系统模型不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性,且可实现对指定状态的有效约束,充分验证了该控制策略的有效性。     

电液主动悬架灵敏度分析与自适应跟踪控制

应急救援车辆载重量大、行驶路面复杂,电液主动悬架输出力的响应和控制精度对衰减振动至关重要。建立了电液主动悬架单元数学模型,给出了系统的轨迹灵敏度方程,并得到力阶跃响应对应各主要参数的灵敏度,为悬架性能优化提供理论依据;针对电液主动悬架负载质量大的特点,结合灵敏度分析结果,设计模型参考自适应控制器。最后,通过实验对自适应控制效果进行验证,结果表明所提出的控制方法可有效提高电液主动悬架单元的跟踪性能和对输出力的控制精度,助力整车主动悬架系统实现各种先进控制算法。     

Adaptive output control of a mobile manipulator hanging from a quadcopter unmanned vehicle

This article summarizes the comprehensive design of an adaptive control that solves the trajectory tracking of a four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle supplied by an own-designed grasping device. The controller design uses the regular proportional–derivative (PD) structure which is common to solve regulation, as well as tracking problems for robotic systems. The PD structure needs the estimation of the time-derivative to be exerted on-line. The super-twisting algorithm served to operate as a decentralized estimator of the derivatives for the tracking errors. The controller gains were adjusted by the differential laws aimed to track attainable reference trajectories. The adaptive strategy adjusts the controller gains enforcing the convergence of both the estimation and the tracking errors. A numerical example showed the observer/controller performance. A comparison with a classic non-adaptive PD controller confirms the effectiveness on the tracking task by the proposed design. In addition, a set of virtual numerical evaluations using the parameters of a real quadcopter system confirmed the performance benefits of the adaptive controller based on the PD structure aided with the estimation of the velocity obtained by the observer.     

基于自适应滑模控制器的机械臂运动控制方法

由于无法消除机械臂运动过程中存在的高频振动,导致运动控制方法存在跟踪精度低、控制稳定性差和控制性能差等问题。对此,提出一种基于自适应滑膜控制器的机械臂运动控制方法,在机械臂动力学模型的基础上设计非线性观测器,对机械臂控制系统中存在的干扰信号进行观测,设计自适应滑膜控制器对干扰信号进行补偿。将补偿器引入自适应滑膜控制器中,其主要作用是抑制机械臂在运动过程中存在的高频振动,以提高控制稳定性,通过 Lyapunov 函数设计自适应滑膜控制器的总控制律,根据总控制律利用改进后的自适应滑膜控制器完成机械臂的运动控制。实验结果表明,所提方法的跟踪精度高、稳定性好、控制性能高。