PVDF传感器在整体叶盘叶片模态试验中的应用

为了研究某型发动机整体叶盘涡轮叶片的动态特性,分别采用了聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,简称PVDF)压电薄膜传感器、小质量加速度传感器以及非接触式的电涡流传感器进行了模态试验分析和频率检验,并通过有限元软件进行了仿真计算.试验结果与仿真计算结果表明,PVDF压电薄膜传感器具有附加质量小、灵敏度高、频响宽,易于安装、操作简便和成本低等特点.对于单个轻质薄壁构件或是零件分布较密集的复杂结构进行模态试验分析时,采用PVDF压电薄膜传感器具有明显的优越性.     

Analyzing the drivers of end-of-life tire management using interpretive structural modeling (ISM)

A sensor module that incorporates a thin film polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric strain sensor rosette as well as data logging and wireless transmitting electronics has been designed and implemented for monitoring dynamic cutting torque in the end milling process—a material removal process widely used in the aerospace industry. The dynamic shear strain produced in the rotating tool during the cutting process is picked up by the PVDF sensor rosette attached to the tool shank and can be either logged into the onboard micro secure digital card or wirelessly transmitted to a nearby base station. The PVDF sensor rosette is largely insensitive to the pyroelectric effect of the PVDF sensor and the other strain components such as bending strain and thermal strain. A physics-based model is used to relate the measured PVDF sensor signal to the dynamic milling torque. The proposed method is experimentally validated using reference milling torque signals computed from cutting force signals measured using a platform-type piezoelectric force dynamometer.     

脉冲压力条件下PVDF压电薄膜的动态响应特性

通过脉冲压力发生装置产生脉冲压力,研究PVDF压电薄膜的动态特性.使用PVDF压电薄膜制作一种测试脉冲压力的传感器,借助标准压阻传感器,测得PVDF压力传感器的灵敏度,计算出灵敏度的不确定度,并将PVDF压力传感器的线性度与压电传感器和压阻传感器作出对比,发现PVDF压力传感器输出稳定.通过比较PVDF压力传感器和标准的压阻传感器输出信号在时域和频域上的相关参数,证实PVDF压电薄膜具备测试动态压力的能力.     

Development of a tactile sensor array with flexible structure using piezoelectric film

This research is the development of a flexible tactile sensor array for service robots using PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) film for the detection of a contact state in real time. The prototype of the tactile sensor which has 8X8 array using PVDF film was fabricated. In the fabrication procedure, the electrode patterns and the common electrode of the thin conductive tape were attached to both sides of the 28/im thickness PVDF film using conductive adhesive. The sensor was covered with polyester film for insulation and attached to the rubber base for a stable structure. The proposed fabrication method is simple and easy to make the sensor. The sensor has the advantages in the implementing for practical applications because its structure is flexible and the shape of the each tactile element can be designed arbitrarily. The signals of a contact force to the tactile sensor were sensed and processed in the DSP system in which the signals are digitized and filtered. Finally, the signals were integrated for taking the force profile. The processed signals of the output of the sensor were visualized in a personal computer, and the shape and force distribution of the contact object were obtained. The reasonable performance for the detection of the contact state was verified through the sensing examples.     

Research on the parallel load sharing principle of a novel self-decoupled piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor

This paper presents a novel integrated piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor which can realize dynamic measurement of multi-dimensional space load. Firstly, the composition of the sensor, the spatial layout of force-sensitive components, and measurement principle are analyzed and designed. There is no interference of piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor in theoretical analysis. Based on the principle of actual work and deformation compatibility coherence, this paper deduces the parallel load sharing principle of the piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor. The main effect factors which affect the load sharing ratio are obtained. The finite element model of the piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor is established. In order to verify the load sharing principle of the sensor, a load sharing test device of piezoelectric force sensor is designed and fabricated. The load sharing experimental platform is set up. The experimental results are in accordance with the theoretical analysis and simulation results. The experiments show that the multi-dimensional and heavy force measurement can be realized by the parallel arrangement of the load sharing ring and the force sensitive element in the novel integrated piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor. The ideal load sharing effect of the sensor can be achieved by appropriate size parameters. This paper has an important guide for the design of the force measuring device according to the load sharing mode.     

一种新型PZT压薄膜应力传感器的设计仿真

针对目前应力传感器不能兼顾柔性、动态测量及无法测量曲面接触应力特征信息等难题,设计了一种新型的PZT压电薄膜柔性应力传感器。主要有由PZT压电薄膜、导线、特殊的压敏涂层等构成。传感器的受力信息可以通过检测PZT压电薄膜传感器的电荷变化来获取,可应用于测量各种接触面之间的应力。为研究测量轮胎路面等具有复杂曲面接触结构的应力分布提供了新的思路和方法,分析了压电传式感器的工作原理,压电薄膜的传感特性,建立有限元分析模型,进行仿真分析,结果表明该传感器结构简单、体积小,相对于传统测量方法更加可靠,适用于曲面应力的测量。     

变截面压电单晶梁发电性能研究

为研究变截面悬臂梁形压电振动能量收集装置的发电能力,建立了变截面压电单晶梁的有限元计算模型,分析了压电梁结构参数对其发电能力的影响,并通过实验验证了有限元仿真结果。仿真结果表明,压电陶瓷片厚度和压电梁长度的增加将引起压电梁产生开路电压的升高;压电梁宽度的增加将引起压电梁产生开路电压的不断减小;压电梁夹角的增加将使得其开路电压先增大后减小;铍青铜基片压电梁要优于钢基片压电梁。     

电纺压电聚偏二氟乙烯有序纳米纤维及其在压力传感器中的应用

针对传统静电纺丝法制备聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电纤维工艺复杂和效率低等问题,提出了采用滚筒收集方式制备PVDF有序纳米纤维的方法。通过改变滚筒转速收集纤维,得到了有序程度不同的PVDF纤维膜。用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了有序纤维膜β晶相的含量,并利用NI数据采集卡在相同条件下测试了纤维膜的压电特性。结果表明:随着滚筒转速提高,纤维有序度增强,β相的含量提高,压电电压输出也明显增大,由此得知滚筒转速变化对β晶相的含量及压电输出电压的影响规律基本一致。基于得到的结果,设计制作了利用该有序PVDF纤维膜的压力传感器,并在不同气压下进行了动态响应测试。结果显示:所制备的PVDF有序纤维压力传感器在0.145~0.165 MPa下的电压输出随气压的增加呈线性增大,表现出了良好的线性度,其灵敏度达179mV/kPa。采用该种方法制备PVDF纤维对研制动态压力传感器极有意义。     

Dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric six-dimensional heavy force/moment sensor for large-load robotic manipulator

This paper presents research on dynamic characteristics of a piezoelectric six-dimensional heavy force/moment sensor for a large-load robotic manipulator. The theory on dynamic characteristics of the sensor structure is analyzed, and a mathematical model of the sensor dynamics, decoupled into separate vibration modes, is provided. This model is complemented by dynamic mode analysis of the sensor by finite-element modeling (FEM; ANSYS software). A dynamic calibration experiment is designed, and methods and principles for measurements and data analysis are provided. The characteristic dynamic vibration modes of the piezoelectric force/moment sensor are extracted by analyzing experimental data, yielding amplitude frequency and phase frequency curves of the transfer function linking the excitation loads with the output signals of the transducer. The results of the dynamic calibration experiment demonstrate the good dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric six-dimensional heavy force/moment sensor. The natural frequencies in the three force directions are high, with values close 2000 Hz. This demonstrates the applicability of the presented six-dimensional heavy force/moment sensor to large industrial robotic manipulators.     

角接触球轴承多体动力学分析

利用ADAMS软件建立了套圈、钢球和保持架的角接触球轴承多体接触动力学仿真模型,在不同转速、径向力和引导游隙下,运用ADAMS软件仿真分析了角接触球轴承的动力学性能、保持架的波动冲击和稳定性,讨论了角接触球轴承的接触力、保持架的角加速度及其质心运动轨迹等的仿真结果。研究结果表明,保持架的波动和稳定性与角接触球轴承的运动速度、引导间隙和载荷等因素相关。多体动力学模型和分析结果为不同工况下使用的角接触球轴承的动态设计和疲劳寿命提供了参考方法。     

Design and testing of a hybrid polymeric electrostrictive/piezoelectric beam with bang–bang control

Electrostrictive materials, hard ceramics and soft polymers, have been used as precision actuators in many engineering applications. This study is to examine bang–bang control performance of a hybrid Plexiglas beam laminated with polymeric electrostrictive (RTV 270) actuator and piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor layers using both analytical and experimental techniques. Material characteristics are calibrated via static testing first; a hybrid beam model is then fabricated and an experiment set-up, consisting of a bang–bang controller, high-voltage amplifier, data acquisition system and the hybrid beam system, is designed to evaluate vibration control characteristics (i.e., damping ratio estimation) of the hybrid beam subjected to various control conditions. Due to the quadratic behaviour of electrostrictive materials, the controller activates the electrostrictive actuator only in upward motion of the beam, with reference to signals generated from the piezoelectric sensor. Base on constitutive equations and dynamic/control characteristics, a mathematic hybrid beam model is also derived from the electrostrictive thin shell theory and its dynamic responses, based on the finite difference discretization, are simulated to predict damping ratios resulting from control forces induced by the electrostrictive actuators. Dynamic responses (with and without control) of the physical beam model are measured and compared with simulation results. Favourable comparison suggests that the mathematical model describes the experimental model very well and its application to other advanced structures can be proceeded.     

基于PVDF压电传感器的高压输电塔健康监测研究

针对高压输电塔的健康监测问题,该文设计了一种聚偏氟乙烯薄膜(PVDF)压电传感器,可检测高压输电塔的固有频率,将测得的固有频率与健康时的固有频率对比,分辨出高压输电塔是否受到了损伤。测试结果显示,该PVDF压电传感器表现优良,可以用于实际的信息采集。     

不锈耐酸钢球冷镦过程有限元分析

针对现有的不锈耐酸钢球冷敦过程中,球坯在顶端损伤明显,冷镦工具磨损严重.利用有限元分析软件来模拟钢球冷镦过程,对不锈耐酸钢棒材进行加温处理,降低其变形抗力.结果表明:新工艺冷镦最大应力相对旧工艺降低了9.9％,工具磨损也较均匀.     

Fluid-dynamic analysis and multi-objective design optimization of piezoelectric servo valves

This paper proposes an effective methodology for the fluid-dynamic design optimization of the main spool of a piezoelectric servo valve. The aim is to improve global performances of the piezoelectric servo valve by reducing the flow force acting on the main spool and the mass of the main spool. The main disturbance forces acting the main spool were analyzed. The steady-state flow force acting on the main spool was derived and the relationship between the flow force and the design parameters of the main spool was established. The design problem of the main spool was formulated mathematically as a multi-objective optimization problem. The minimum steady-state flow force and the minimum mass of main spool were considered as optimization objectives. The elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied and a set of Pareto-optimal solutions was calculated. The optimized results were analyzed and the final design parameters of the main spool were selected for the simulation analysis and experimental research. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was employed to calculate the forces acting on the main spool. Simulation results show the flow force acting on the optimized main spool is significantly reduced. The unoptimized and optimized main spools were machined and experimental study was performed. Results show that the piezoelectric servo valve equipped with the optimized main spool has better response performance and dynamic bandwidth. The dynamic bandwidth is measured to 172 Hz under the amplitude attenuation of −3 dB. Compared with the piezoelectric servo valve with unoptimized main spool, the dynamic bandwidth of the piezoelectric servo valve with optimized main spool is increased by 26%.     

冷镦机主箱体有限元分析

冷镦机主箱体作为冷镦机的主要构成部件。在冷镦机工作时的变形对整机的精度有着重要的影响。基于机械系统动力学分析软件ADAMS,得出箱体轴承孔处的受力,在ANSYSWorkbench环境下对主箱体进行了静态结构以及模态分析．得出箱体的变形最大值以及前6阶固有频率。     

基于PVDF的欠驱动多指手滑触觉硬件系统

为解决传统果蔬采摘欠驱动多指手抓取力控制精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜技术的新型欠驱动多指手滑触觉系统,该系统由信号采集和信号处理两个模块组成;分别设计了滑触觉传感器,电荷放大、低通滤波、工频限波、电压放大等电路,并进行了捏取和抓取实验.实验结果表明,该系统能较好地控制多指手的抓取精度,实现无损伤抓取,且具有广阔的应用前景.     

Research on force-sensing element's spatial arrangement of piezoelectric six-component force/torque sensor

This paper proposes a novel piezoelectric six-component force/torque sensor with four-point supporting structure, and makes research on force-sensing element's spatial arrangement of the novel sensor. Two kinds of different spatial arrangements are advanced, lozenge and square arrangement. The mathematical models are built and calculated. The influence on using performance of the two kinds of different spatial arrangements of the sensor is analyzed by FEM (ANSYS software). In order to investigate the validity of the proposed method, a prototype of piezoelectric six-component force/moment sensor is developed with two kinds of different spatial arrangements, and characteristic tests of the piezoelectric six-component force/moment sensor are performed. The test shows that both of the different spatial arrangement sensors could be used to measure six-component force/torque, but the square arrangement piezoelectric six-component force/moment sensor is more suitable for measurement of six-component force/torque on axis. The interference errors of square arrangement sensor are less than 5%, which are lower than those of the lozenge arrangement sensor. The natural frequencies in six directions are analyzed and discussed.     

WRIST FORCE SENSOR'S DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE CALIBRATION BASED ON NEGATIVE STEP RESPONSE

Negative step response experimental method is used in wrist force sensor＇s dynamic performance calibration. The exciting manner of negative step response method is the same as wrist force sensor＇s load in working. This experimental method needn＇t special experiment equipments. Experiment＇s dynamic repeatability is good. So wrist force sensor＇s dynamic performance is suitable to be calibrated by negative step response method. A new correlation wavelet transfer method is studied. By wavelet transfer method, the signal is decomposed into two dimensional spaces of time-frequency. So the problem of negative step exciting energy concentrating in the low frequency band is solved. Correlation wavelet transfer doesn＇t require that wavelet primary function be orthogonal and needn＇t wavelet reconstruction. So analyzing efficiency is high. An experimental bench is designed and manufactured to load the wrist force sensor orthogonal excitation force/moment. A piezoelectric force sensor is used to setup soft trigger and calculate the value of negative step excitation. A wrist force sensor is calibrated. The pulse response function is calculated after negative step excitation and step response have been transformed to positive step excitation and step response. The pulse response function is transferred to frequency response function. The wrist force sensor＇s dynamic characteristics are identified by the frequency response function.     

A PVDF transducer for low-frequency acceleration measurements

A unique acceleration transducer, using piezoelectric PVDF, has been developed for low-frequency vibration monitoring. The paper develops the theoretical model for this low-cost, robust sensor. The theoretical model is validated using experimental results from laboratory tests. The sensor was also installed in an underground potash mine alongside a commercial geophone for a three-month in-mine test producing results that show a close correspondence between the two transducers.     

基于Lamb波的压电陶瓷/环氧树脂复合材料传感器制备及应用

风力机叶片、飞机机翼等结构均为大面积曲面板类结构,基于Lamb波的结构健康检测技术对细微损伤比较敏感,是目前最具应用前景的技术之一。传统的Lamb波传感器大都采用PZT陶瓷制成,质地脆且硬度大,不能适应于曲面结构检测。将PZT陶瓷粉末与环氧树脂复合制备了一种新型柔性0-3型压电复合材料,研究了质量比、极化电场、极化温度和极化时间等因素对压电复合材料性能参数的影响,开展了多因素正交实验来确定材料制备的最优极化工艺参数。实验研究了该压电复合材料制成的传感器对Lamb波的传感响应特性,与现有的MFC、PVDF和传统压电片等传感元件的响应特性进行了对比分析。将制备的传感器应用于翼型曲面板,利用椭圆定位方法进行损伤检测。研究结果表明,PZT陶瓷/环氧树脂压电复合材料传感器具有良好的传感响应特性,能够很好地贴合于曲面板表面,与只能部分耦合于曲面板的传统压电片相比,采集的Lamb波信号更加准确,从而为曲面板类结构健康监测提供一种新型的柔性压电传感技术。