基于快速谱峭度图的EEMD内禀模态分量选取方法

针对在总体平均经验模式分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)的多个内禀模态分量(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)中,如何选取出反应故障特征的敏感IMF的问题,提出一种基于快速谱峭度图的敏感IMF选取方法。由EEMD分解获得的一组无模式混淆的IMF,计算原信号及各个IMF的快速谱峭度图,选择每个快速谱峭度图中谱峭度最大值所处的频带作为参考频带,比较各个IMF的参考频带与原信号谱峭度最大值所处频带之间的从属关系,筛选出反应故障特征的敏感IMF,为后续故障诊断提供特征信息。将该方法应用于模拟仿真信号及滚动轴承滚动体故障信号,验证了方法的有效性。     

基于谱峭度和CEEMD的滚动轴承声信号故障诊断研究

使用声信号来诊断轴承故障越来越受到重视。针对滚动轴承故障信号的强背景噪声特点,提出一种基于谱峭度和互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)的故障特征提取方法。该方法首先对滚动轴承声信号进行快速谱峭度计算并进行带通滤波预处理,使滚动轴承声信号变得简单且噪声小,故障冲击成分明显;然后利用CEEMD将滤波信号进行分解运算,得到一系列本征模态(IMF)分量;再利用相关系数法和时域特征指标峰值因子选取包含故障信息最丰富的IMF分量;最后用Hilbert算法包络解调分析选取的IMF分量,得到清晰的故障特征频率。经滚动轴承故障实验分析,该方法可以对滚动轴承故障进行有效的诊断。     

基于改进EMD和谱峭度法滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承故障信号的强背景噪声特点,提出一种基于改进经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)与谱峭度法的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法.首先,利用EMD方法对原故障信号进行分解,得到若干平稳固有模态分量(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF);然后,采用灰色关联度与互信息相结合方法剔除传统EMD分解结果中存在的虚假分量;最后,运用谱峭度法和包络解调方法对真实IMF分量进行分析,提取故障特征频率.通过对实际滚动轴承故障信号的应用表明,该方法可有效地提取滚动轴承故障特征,且能够取得比传统包络解调分析更好的效果.     

An improved complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and its application to rolling element bearing fault diagnosis

A novel time–frequency analysis method called complementary complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) with adaptive noise (CCEEMDAN) is proposed to analyze nonstationary vibration signals. CCEEMDAN combines the advantages of improved EEMD with adaptive noise and complementary EEMD, and it improves decomposition performance by reducing reconstruction error and mitigating the effect of mode mixing. However, because white noise mixed in with the raw vibration signal covers the whole frequency bandwidth, each mode inevitably contains some mode noise, which can easily inundate the fault-related information. This paper proposes a time–frequency analysis method based on CCEEMDAN and minimum entropy deconvolution (MED) for fault detection of rolling element bearings. First, a raw signal is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using the CCEEMDAN method. Then a sensitive parameter (SP) based on adjusted kurtosis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient is applied to select a sensitive mode that contains the most fault-related information. Finally, the MED is applied to enhance the fault-related impulses in the selected IMF. The fault signals of high-speed train axle-box bearing are applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method can effectively reveal axle-bearing defects’ fault information. The comparisons illustrate the superiority of SP over kurtosis for selecting the sensitive mode from the resulted signal of CCEEMEDAN. Further, we conducted comparisons that highlight the superiority of our proposed method over individual CCEEMDAN and MED methods and over two other popular signal-processing methods, variational mode decomposition and fast kurtogram.     

基于参数自适应特征模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对强背景噪声下轴承故障信息难以有效提取的问题,提出一种基于参数自适应特征模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,为了克服原始特征模态分解(FMD)需要依赖人为经验设定关键参数而不具有自适应性的缺点,提出基于平方包络谱特征能量比(FER-SES)的网格搜索方法自动地确定FMD的模态个数n和滤波器长度L;随后,采用参数优化的FMD将原轴承振动信号划分为n个模态分量,并选取具有最大FER-SES的模态分量为敏感模态分量;最后,通过计算敏感模态分量的平方包络谱来提取故障特征频率,从而判别轴承故障类型。通过仿真信号和工程案例分析验证了提出方法的有效性。与变分模态分解(VMD)和谱峭度方法(SK)相比,提出方法具有更好的故障特征提取性能。     

基于EMD和峭度的Hilbert包络解调在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用分析

针对直接运用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）无法有效提取具有非线性非平稳特性的滚动轴承振动信号故障特征频率的问题,提出了一种基于经验模式分解和峭度指标的Hilbert包络解调方法.首先对滚动轴承的振动信号进行了经验模式分解（EMD）,得到了包含轴承故障特征信息的各阶本征模态函数（IMF）,再计算各阶IMF的峭度值,选取了峭度值较大的几阶IMF分量重构信号,并对重构信号进行了Hilbert包络解调分析,从而获得了滚动轴承的准确故障特征信息.分别对仿真模拟信号和实际滚动轴承发生内圈故障的振动信号进行了分析,清晰地得到了故障特征频率.研究结果表明,利用融合EMD、峭度系数和Hilbert包络解调的诊断方法能够快速、准确地提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率,从而可以对滚动轴承进行有效地故障诊断.     

基于EMD和信息熵的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于EMD和信息熵的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。利用EMD将滚动轴承振动信号分解为多个IMF分量,计算各个IMF分量的信息熵,设定有效的熵阈值来取舍IMF分量,利用保留的IMF分量重构信号,并对重构信号进行Hilbert包络谱分析,提取滚动轴承故障特征频率。对实测滚动轴承振动信号分析表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率。     

A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on IMF envelope spectrum and SVM

Targeting the modulation characteristics of roller bearing fault vibration signals, a method of fault feature extraction based on intrinsic mode function (IMF) envelope spectrum is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional envelope analysis method. By utilizing the proposed feature extraction method, the disadvantages of conventional envelope analysis method such as the chosen of central frequency of filter with experience in advance, looking for spectral line of fault characteristic frequencies in envelope spectrum and so on could be overcome. Firstly, the original modulation signals are decomposed into a number of IMFs by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. Secondly, the ratios of amplitudes at the different fault characteristic frequencies in the envelope spectra of some IMFs that include dominant fault information are defined as the characteristic amplitude ratios. Finally, the characteristic amplitude ratios serve as the fault characteristic vectors to be input to the support vector machine (SVM) classifiers and the work condition and fault patterns of the roller bearings are identified. Since the recognition results are available directly from the output of the SVM classifiers, the proposed diagnosis method provides the possibility to fulfill the automatic recognition to machinery faults.     

改进小波去噪Teager算子的齿轮微弱故障提取方法

针对齿轮箱在强噪声背景下齿轮微弱故障振动信号的特征不易被提取的问题,提出将改进小波去噪和Teager能量算子相结合的微弱故障特征提取方法。采用改进小波阈值函数对振动信号进行去噪处理,与形态学滤波和传统小波阈值函数相比能够有效地提高信号的信噪比。对去噪后的信号进行集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)得到若干本征模式函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),计算各IMF分量与原信号的相关系数并结合各IMF分量的频谱剔除虚假分量。对有效的IMF分量计算其Teager能量算子,并重构得到Teager能量谱,对重构信号进行时频分析并将其结果与原信号的希尔伯特黄变换(HilbertHuang transform,简称HHT)得到的边际谱进行对比。实验研究结果表明,本研究方法相比HHT能够对齿轮微弱故障特征进行更为有效地提取,验证了本研究方法在齿轮箱微弱故障诊断中的可行性。     

基于EEMD奇异值熵的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

为充分利用振动信号进行故障辨识,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)奇异值熵判据的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对滚动轴承的振动信号进行EEMD分解获得若干个本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),并根据一种IMF分量故障信息含量的评价指标(即峭度、均方差和欧氏距离)选出能够表征原始信号状态的分量进行信号重构;其次,利用奇异值分解技术对重构信号进行处理,结合信息熵算法求取其奇异值熵;最后,利用奇异值熵的大小判断滚动轴承的故障类别。用美国西储大学滚动轴承振动信号对所述方法进行验证的结果表明,相比传统的EMD奇异值熵故障诊断方法,本方法能够清晰的划分出滚动轴承不同工作状态的类别特征区间,而且具有更高的故障诊断精度。     

基于DT-CWT自适应Teager能量谱的轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征信息难以识别以及带通滤波器参数设置依赖使用者经验等造成共振带不能有效确定并自适应提取的问题,提出了频带幅值熵的概念。在此基础上,将双树复小波变换和Teager能量谱结合,提出了基于双树复小波自适应Teager能量谱的早期故障诊断方法。首先,利用双树复小波将采集到的振动信号分解为不同频带的子信号,并计算各子带的频带幅值熵;然后,将熵值按升序排列后依次作为阈值,提取频带幅值熵大于阈值的子带,依据峭度指标确定最佳阈值,从而自适应并且有效地提取出共振带;最后,对共振带进行Teager能量谱分析,即可从中准确地识别出轴承的故障特征频率。通过信号仿真与实验数据分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于小波簇的包络解调方法及其在故障诊断中的应用

本文提出了一种基于小波簇的带通滤波和包络解调方法。通过合理地选择小波参数，用多个单类Morlet小波组成的小波簇可构成具有零相移、平顶通带及快速衰减过渡带特性的带通滤波器，可用于提取振动信号的高频自然频率成分。由于该小波簇的虚部是实部的Hilbert变换，可用于实现包络解调提取振动信号在高频谐振带的包络成分。将该方法用于干式真空泵轴承故障的诊断中，结果表明可有效地提取故障特征频率，实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Early fault feature extraction of bearings based on Teager energy operator and optimal VMD

As the fault shock component in vibration signals is extremely sparse and weak, it is difficult to extract the fault features when large-scale, low-speed and heavy-duty mechanical equipment is in the early stage of failure. To solve this problem, an early fault feature extraction method based on the Teager energy operator, combined with optimal variational mode decomposition (VMD) is presented in this study. First, the Teager energy operator was used to strengthen the weak shock component of the original signal. Next, a logistic–sine complex chaotic mapping with variable dimensions was constructed to enhance the global search ability and convergence speed of the pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm, which is named the variable dimension chaotic pigeon-inspired optimization (VDCPIO) algorithm. Then, the VDCPIO algorithm is used to search for the optimal combination value of key parameters of VMD. The enhanced vibration signal is decomposed into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by the optimized VMD, and then kurtosis for every IMF and mean kurtosis of all IMFs are extracted. According to the average kurtosis, several IMFs, whose kurtosis value is greater than the average kurtosis value, are selected to reconstruct a new signal. Then, envelope spectrum analysis of the reconstructed signal is carried out to extract the early fault features. Finally, experimental verification of the method was performed using the simulated signal and measured signal from a rolling bearing; the experimental results indicate that the method presented in this paper is more effective to extract the early fault features of this kind of mechanical equipment.     

大跨越输电线路Beta阻尼线消振特性试验研究

针对传统极限学习机预测滚动轴承故障时,存在信号模式混叠、人为参数选取造成预测精度低下的问题,提出了正态分布-经验小波变换变换结合偏最小二乘法的极限学习机（partial least squares-extreme learning machines,简称PLS-ELM）的故障预测方法。首先,提出正态分布 经验小波变换信号降噪方法,通过正态分布划分频率带界限,在各频率带上构建带通滤波器进行降噪;其次,提出PLS-ELM的故障预测方法,应用偏最小二乘法（partial least squares,简称PLS）中主成分数和加载权重分别改进极限学习机(extreme learning machines,简称ELM）隐含层节点数和网络权值,激活函数选取Softmax以提高数据的拟合精度;最后,应用无量纲指标峭度来反映故障程度,实现故障趋势预测。试验结果表明,该方法能够准确划分频谱和克服模式混叠等问题,并实现滚动轴承性能衰退趋势预测。     

基于自适应最优Morlet小波的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承早期故障信号中故障信息比较微弱常常被强噪声所掩盖,增加了对滚动轴承故障诊断的难度。针对这一问题,笔者提出了基于自适应最优Morlet小波变换的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用粒子群优化算法对Morlet小波变换的核心参数进行自适应寻优,在获得最优Morlet小波的同时保证了良好的带通滤波性能;然后,将最优Morlet小波对滚动轴承早期故障信号进行滤波去噪,提高信号的信噪比;最后,对最优Morlet小波滤波信号进行包络谱分析,通过包络谱中的主导频率成分与滚动轴承各元件的故障特征频率对比从而判断轴承的故障位置。仿真数据和实测数据分析结果证明,笔者所提方法能够有效提取故障信号中的特征信息,具有一定的有效性。     

基于平方包络谱相关峭度的最优共振解调诊断滚动轴承故障

利用峭度指标识别滚动轴承共振频带,结合包络分析解调故障特征,是滚动轴承故障诊断的常用方法。峭度指标虽然能够表征瞬态冲击特征的强弱,却无法利用瞬态冲击特征循环发生的特点,导致其难以区分脉冲噪声和循环瞬态冲击,无法准确识别共振频带,进而容易导致错误的故障诊断结果。受峭度和信号自相关的启发,重新定义相关峭度,提出平方包络谱相关峭度新指标;并结合Morlet小波滤波和粒子群优化算法,提出一种滚动轴承最优共振解调方法。通过与峭度、谱峭度等进行对比,仿真和试验分析结果表明平方包络谱相关峭度能够准确识别循环瞬态冲击;最优共振解调能够稳健确定共振频带的最优中心频率和带宽,准确解调诊断滚动轴承故障,验证了平方包络谱相关峭度在检测循环瞬态冲击和识别最优共振频带中的有效性和优越性。     

基于MCKD和改进HHT多尺度模糊熵的齿轮故障诊断方法

针对齿轮故障信号常伴有大量噪声,故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)和改进希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)多尺度模糊熵的故障诊断方法。首先采用MCKD算法对采集到的齿轮振动信号进行降噪处理,以提高信号的信噪比;然后利用自适应白噪声完备经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)对降噪后信号进行分解,获得一系列不同尺度的固有模态函数(IMF),并通过相关系数-能量的虚假IMF评价方法选取对故障敏感的模态分量;最后计算敏感IMF分量的模糊熵,将获得的原信号多尺度的模糊熵作为状态特征参数输入最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)中,对齿轮的故障类型进行诊断。实测信号的诊断结果表明,该方法可实现齿轮故障的有效诊断。     

Faulty bearing signal recovery from large noise using a hybrid method based on spectral kurtosis and ensemble empirical mode decomposition

Time–frequency analyses are commonly used to diagnose the health of bearings by processing vibration signals captured from the bearings. However, these analyses cannot be guaranteed to be robust if the bearing signals are overwhelmed by large noise. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was developed from the popular empirical mode decomposition (EMD). However, if there is large noise, it may be difficult to recover impulses from large noise. In this paper, we develop a hybrid signal processing method that combines spectral kurtosis (SK) with EEMD. First, the raw vibration signal is filtered using an optimal band-pass filter based on SK. EEMD method is then applied to decompose the filtered signal. Various bearing signals are used to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the hybrid signal processing method can successfully recover the impulses generated by bearing faults from the raw signal, even when overwhelmed by large noise.     

基于WAEEMD和MSB的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对调制信号双谱（MSB）方法仅能处理平稳信号的不足,提出了一种基于加权平均集成经验模态分解（WAEEMD）和MSB的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。首先,利用WAEEMD将滚动轴承的非平稳振动信号分解成一系列具有平稳特性的固有模态函数（IMF）;然后,开发了一种基于Teager能量峭度（TEK）的加权平均方法以强调敏感IMF的重要性,并将加权后的IMF重构为WAEEMD滤波信号;最后,应用MSB分解WAEEMD滤波信号中的调制分量并提取故障特征频率。仿真和实验结果表明,相对于快速谱峭度（FK）和EEMD-MSB方法,WAEEMD-MSB方法能更准确地获取故障特征,从而验证了WAEEMD-MSB方法的有效性。     

运用小波包峭度包络的滚动轴承故障诊断

根据滚动轴承振动信号的性质,提出了一种基于小波包系数、峭度最大值原则及包络谱分析的滚动轴承故障自动诊断方法.首先,用小波包将信号分解到不同的频段上,再对不同频段的小波包系数计算其峭度值;然后,根据峭度值最大原则,自动确定由轴承缺陷所引起的共振频率所在的频带;最后,对该频带的小波包系数进行包络谱分析,以确定故障频率.此方法能够提高滚动轴承故障诊断的可靠性和便捷性.