STOCHASTIC OBJECT-ORIENTED PETRI NETS （SOPNS） AND ITS APPLICATION IN MODELING OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM RELIABILITY

Object-oriented Petri nets (OPNs) is extended into stochastic object-oriented Petri nets (SOPNs) by associating the OPN of an object with stochastic transitions and introducing stochastic places. The stochastic transition of the SOPNs of a production resources can be used to model its reliability, while the SOPN of a production resource can describe its performance with reliability considered. The SOPN model of a case production system is built to illustrate the relationship between the system's performances and the failures of individual production resources.     

基于Petri网理论的动态系统可靠性建模方法研究

利用Petri网对动态系统的描述能力，将Petri网应用于机械系统可靠性分析领域。研究了基于Petri网理论的故障事件及其逻辑关系的表达方法，探讨了将Petri网应用于复杂动态系统可靠性建模的方法，给出了应用示例。     

Scheduling FMS with alternative routings using Petri nets and near admissible heuristic search

This paper proposes and evaluates a near admissible heuristic search strategy and its application to a kind of flexible manufacturing system (FMS) scheduling in a Petri net framework. Petri nets can concisely model the strict precedence constraint, multiple kinds of resources, and concurrent activities. To cope with the complexities for scheduling of FMS with alternative routings, this paper proposes an admissible heuristic function based on the execution of P-timed Petri nets and presents an improved dynamic weighting A* strategy using the proposed heuristic function. The search scheme does not need to predict the depth of solution in advance and the quality of the search result is also controllable. Some numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate usefulness of the algorithm.     

模糊柔性制造系统的混杂Petri网建模与调度

对模糊柔性制造系统的建模和调度进行了研究.定义了一种具有模糊区间速率的混杂Petri网模型,提出了模型的迁移使能和迁移引发语义,定义了弱使能迁移的模糊使能规则,给出了模型动态演变算法.建立了模糊柔性制造系统调度的模糊线性规划模型,并对典型的工业实例进行了分析.研究结果表明,基于所定义的混杂Petri模型能够有效地描述和分析模糊柔性制造系统.     

基于对象Petri网的柔性制造仿真系统的建模与实现

利用Petri网对具有并发、同步、竞争、资源争用等特点的一类离散事件动态系统具有很好的描述和分析能力的优点,对其进行改进,得到对象Petri网。通过举例说明了对象Petri网的特点及建模过程,基本完成了FMS系统的架构,为下一步的工作提供了良好的基础。     

基于对象Petri网的柔性制造仿真系统的建模与实现

利用Petri网对具有并发、同步、竞争、资源争用等特点的一类离散事件动态系统具有很好的描述和分析能力的优点,对其进行改进,得到对象Petri网。通过举例说明了对象Petri网的特点及建模过程,基本完成了FMS系统的架构,为下一步的工作提供了良好的基础。     

RECONFIGURABLE PRODUCTION LINE MODELING AND SCHEDULING USING PETRI NETS AND GENETIC ALGORITHM

In response to the production capacity and functionality variations, a genetic algorithm (GA) embedded with deterministic timed Petri nets(DTPN) for reconfigurable production line(RPL) is proposed to solve its scheduling problem. The basic DTPN modules are presented to model the corresponding variable structures in RPL, and then the scheduling model of the whole RPL is constructed. And in the scheduling algorithm, firing sequences of the Petri nets model are used as chromosomes, thus the selection, crossover, and mutation operator do not deal with the elements in the problem space, but the elements of Petri nets model. Accordingly, all the algorithms for GA operations embedded with Petri nets model are proposed. Moreover, the new weighted single-objective optimization based on reconfiguration cost and E/T is used. The results of a DC motor RPL scheduling suggest that the presented DTPN-GA scheduling algorithm has a significant impact on RPL scheduling, and provide obvious improvements over the conventional scheduling method in practice that meets duedate, minimizes reconfiguration cost, and enhances cost effectivity.     

Modeling and scheduling for manufacturing grid workflows using timed Petri nets

A manufacturing grid workflow can be viewed as the composition of activities that execute on heterogeneous, distributed, and job-dependent resources in a virtual organization to accomplish a specific manufacturing goal. Scheduling emerges as a key issue in manufacturing grid workflows since it assigns manufacturing resources to perform the required activities such that the optimal service is obtained. However, scheduling problems prove to be NP-hard due to the inherent combination explosion vices adhered to discrete event systems, such as the grid manufacturing. To crack such a hard nut, we focus on the formulation of a heuristic search algorithm based on timed Petri nets. When the activities involved in the manufacturing grid workflow can be executed by more than one resource, this scheduling algorithm selects the optimal one so as to minimize the makespan. Furthermore, the proposed scheduling policy in this paper aims to be dynamic rather than static such that the whole algorithm can be applied in a dynamic manufacturing grid environment. Both the theoretical and experimental results validate the legitimacy of the proposed approach.     

基于智能代理的网格服务调度研究

为有效解决网格计算环境中的负载平衡和容错问题,提出了面向传统和服务执行方式的分布式调度模型。在该模型中,采用冗余和智能代理技术,以解决网格服务级的负载平衡和容错,同时兼顾了任务级的运行情况。通过引入并定义信誉度的概念,简洁地表征网格资源和网格服务的可用性,同时将其作为调度决策和代理实施的重要工作参数。系统利用环境监测代理检测网格环境,设计平衡代理以辅助调度器来完成动态负载调整和容错。各代理之间利用代理通信语言来进行信息交换。进行相宜的模拟试验,结果表明此模型及其辅助机制能较好地适应网格环境。     

一种基于Petri网的顺序共享资源AMS＊s

Ｐｅｔｒｉ网控制器自动设计及控制程序自动生成方法的研究是自动制造系统ＡＭＳｓ和柔性制造系统ＦＭＳｓ领域研究的热点问题之一〔２～６〕。本文以ＡＭＳｓ计划和调度产生的生产序列ＰＳ和资源需求序列ＲＲＳ为基础，为顺序共资源ＡＭＳｓ设计了一种规格说明语言，以自动生成ＡＭＳｓＰｅｔｒｉ网模型的矩阵形式，并给出了转换步骤。由于引入了资源状态反馈，故生成的Ｐｅｔｒｉ网模型是无死锁的。最后，用一个实例说明了设计过程。     

基于广义随机Petri网的系统可靠性建模与仿真软件开发

研究了基于Petri网理论的系统可靠性建模及求解问题.采用广义随机Petri网(GSPN)建立系统可靠性模型.针对因状态空间爆炸带来的模型求解难题,开发基于GSPN模型的可靠性仿真软件.分析了仿真软件功能,给出了软件架构及其使用流程,介绍了软件的实现技术.以挖掘机回转工况的液压回路为例,给出仿真软件的应用.     

Finite element modeling for maximum temperature in friction stir welding and its validation

This paper presents a new scheduling method for a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) in a Petri net framework. Petri nets can concisely model multiple lot sizes for each job, the strict precedence constraint, multiple kinds of resources, and concurrent activities. To decrease the likelihood of rejecting the critical markings, our algorithm adopts an improved checking method for previous generated marking. To reduce the computation complexity, an elaborate scheme is applied, which performs A* search locally and backtracking search globally in the reachability graph of the Petri net. Some numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate usefulness of the algorithm.     

基于设计结构矩阵和着色Petri网的产品设计过程建模与仿真

将设计结构矩阵与着色Petri网结合后,进行了产品设计过程建模与仿真的研究。首先利用设计结构矩阵对产品设计过程进行建模,从产品设计过程特点出发,为支持基本过程逻辑的描述定义了着色Petri网基本网模型结构,将设计结构矩阵映射为着色Petri网,建立了产品设计过程着色Petri网模型。在此基础上建立了对设计资源进行有效分配的动态分配模型,通过定量仿真分析,实现了产品开发过程资源冲突的检测及资源的重新分配和调整。桥式起重机小车设计的实例说明了该方法的有效性。     

基于扩展随机Petri网的可重组制造系统建模与分析方法

可重组制造系统(Reconfigurable manufacturing system,RMS)可根据市场变化进行组态调整和组元升级,系统的建模与分析方法必须能适应上述特点。提出基于扩展随机Petri网(Extended stochastic Petri nets,ESPN)的模块化建模方法,将RMS不同的加工资源对应于相应的ESPN基本模块,并通过过渡变迁合成ESPN模型,该模型能适应任意分布的制造系统,可更加精确地反映生产过程。在此基础上采用基于行为表达式的分析方法,得到系统性能指标,该分析方法可不必画出可达图而直接得到系统性能关系函数,使分析过程更加直观、简洁。可重组电动机生产线的实例证明了该建模与分析方法的有效性。     

一种模糊petri网仿真工具的设计实现

文章将面向对象思想应用于模糊Petri网仿真工具的设计和实现过程,探讨了模糊Petri网建模与仿真的可视化问题,提出了基于网格可视化技术解决方案及具体实现方法。通过对变速箱的自动建模和诊断仿真实例,证明该系统具有良好的实用性,为模糊Petri网理论的普遍应用提供了工具平台。     

Application of Petri Nets and a Genetic Algorithm to Multi-Mode Multi-Resource Constrained Project Scheduling

Multi-mode and multi-resource constrained scheduling of a project is a complex task. This paper addresses the use of a Petri net as a modelling and scheduling tool in this context. The benefits of Petri nets in project scheduling are discussed. We propose extensions to Petri nets to suit scheduling of activities in a decision CPM. We also propose the use of a P-matrix for token movements in Petri nets. A genetic algorithm is used to find a better solution. Petri-net-aided software including genetic-algorithm-based search and heuristics is described to deal with a multi-mode, multi-constrained scheduling problem with pre-emption of activities.     

基于动态机器故障率的并联加工系统资源多目标调度

针对并联加工系统,为处理生产过程中因机器故障导致的加工资源动态调度问题,考虑系统资源负荷和故障率存在的动态相互制约关系,依据子周期划分的不同策略,对调度后的加工总时间、预防维修时间和系统可靠度进行量化研究,构建多目标动态调度模型。采用基于Pareto熵的多目标粒子群算法对模型进行求解,通过改进个体最优解选择策略,提升最优解选取的多样性;通过差熵来估计种群所处进化状态,改进算法的搜索能力。以某企业的加工系统为实例,利用该模型进行加工资源调度方案设计,通过模糊决策得到的多目标权重,选取最优调度方案,并进行多个参数对比,验证在加工资源调度过程中,集成考虑动态机器故障率和基于机器最大役龄约束划分子周期的可行性,不仅可以完成订单准时交付,还可以使企业有更好的柔性去应对可能到来的紧急订单。     

基于随机故障序列的制造系统动态可靠性仿真

采用随机故障序列、Petri网理论和蒙特卡洛仿真评估制造系统的动态可靠性.给出随机故障序列、序列重要度以及关键部件的定义,阐述随机故障序列的分析流程.基于随机Petri网理论建立系统可靠性分析模型,得到系统状态标识表:由状态标识表构建可达树,根据可达树求得系统的随机故障序列集.利用最小路集方法判定系统故障与否,分析仿真过程中避免部件过度故障问题及其解决方法;利用蒙特卡洛仿真计算随机故障序列的发生规律,评估系统的动态可靠性.通过计算每一个故障序列发生的次数、频率和持续时间等指标,确定影响系统可靠性的关键部件和瓶颈环节,为系统可靠性增长提供了理论依据.完成某供油系统动态可靠性案例分析,仿真结果验证所提出方法的正确性和有效性.     

基于广义随机Petri网的可重组制造单元建模与分析方法

为揭示可重组制造单元的重组过程并计算重组方式对系统性能的影响,根据可重组制造单元的特征,提出了基于广义随机Petri网的模块化建模及分析方法。该方法将制造单元的不同资源及重组生产过程对应于相应的广义随机Petri网基本模块,并通过过渡变迁合成广义随机Petri网模型。在此基础上,采用马尔可夫理论及相关数学方法,分析可重组制造系统的性能指标,并通过实际应用,验证了该建模与分析方法的有效性。     

Stochastic coloured Petri nets for modelling and evaluation,and heuristic rule base for scheduling of FMS

This paper addresses scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems considering stochastic behaviour such as failure and repair of machines, and variation in processing times. Stochastic coloured Petri nets have been used for obtaining a compact model of the system. A heuristic rule base has been proposed for resolving conflicts in the allocation of jobs to machines. The superiority of the proposed approach has been exemplified with a case study.