共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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基于国家碳中和背景,生物质作为一种重要的可再生资源,其有效利用至关重要。生物质热解制油具有规模化潜力,成为目前生物质利用的主要方式。生物质热解技术按照液化方式不同分为直接液化和间接液化,但生物质直接液化所得生物油组分不稳定,间接液化所得生物油品质取决于反应器型式、反应温度及催化剂类型等,不同制备方法的生物油品质差别较大,生物油改性提质成为其实际应用的必要条件。归纳比较了生物质热解过程中提高生物油品质的催化剂类型,着重综述了原生物油分离为轻质组分和重质组分后分别改性提质的技术路线,可转化为燃气、燃油甚至化学品,实现生物油的高值化。针对轻质油组分的改性方法有水蒸气重整制氢、催化裂解、加氢脱氧、催化酯化等,催化剂类型以分子筛及贵金属为主;而重质油组分水含量低、黏性大,相关提质研究较少,目前报道以加氢、裂化、酯化、添加溶剂、气化为主。生物油提质改性方法中,催化剂、氢源、耗能是限制其规模化、工业化应用的主要原因,降低催化剂成本及提高催化剂寿命、减少氢源使用或利用低成本氢源、简化工艺及降低反应温度是生物油提质技术发展方向。 相似文献
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根据热力学理论,通过产物和反应物的生成焓计算了催化裂化汽油在降烯烃改质以及催化裂解过程中的反应热,并根据不同反应过程的实验结果考察了反应温度、停留时间和剂油比对反应热的影响。计算结果表明,催化裂化汽油降烯烃改质和催化裂解过程都是吸热反应体系,降烯烃改质过程的反应热为80~150 kJ·kg-1,催化裂解过程的反应热为370~620 kJ·kg-1;反应条件对反应热的影响通过改变反应物的转化率和产物分布实现。在实验条件范围内,随着反应温度的升高、剂油比的增大和停留时间的延长,反应热逐渐增大;当剂油比增大到一定程度时,反应热随剂油比的增加趋势变缓。 相似文献
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快速热解是生物质高效转化利用的重要方法之一,然而其目标产物生物油因含氧量高、组分复杂等不足而难以直接利用。通过在热解体系中引入碱土金属氧化物基催化剂,可以将热解产物中的氧元素以CO2和H2O等方式脱除,从而实现生物油品质的提升。总结了典型碱土金属氧化物基催化剂对生物质催化热解过程中发生的酮基化、羟醛缩合、开环和侧链断裂反应及机理,讨论了催化剂类型(CaO、MgO、基于碱土金属氧化物的分子筛和活性炭等)、生物质原料、温度、催化剂用量、停留时间、催化方式、催化剂失活等因素对生物油产率与品质的影响,并对生物质催化热解制备高品质生物油及其应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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生物质热解制备高品质生物油研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物质热解制备生物油是能源富集的有效途径,是实现碳闭路循环的重要方式,作为一种环境友好型技术受到广泛关注和研究。然而,生物质热解反应过程复杂,生成的生物油热值低、含氧量高及强酸性等特点,制约了生物油的分离提纯、制备合成气以及燃烧等方面的应用,生物油品质的提升迫在眉睫。本文从生物质三组分、原料预处理、反应参数、催化剂、反应器等方面综述了影响生物油品质的主要因素,分析了生物油的特点,不同预处理下生物质特性的变化与生物油的关系,催化剂参与的热解行为对提升生物油品质的导向作用以及常用生物质热解反应器的特点,并对影响生物油品质的主要因素进行了总结。最后,针对影响制备高品质生物油的诸多因素提出建议,以期为制备高品质生物油提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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以水合CaO为催化剂,在管式炉内研究了微拟球藻的催化热解.考察了催化剂用量对微拟球藻热解产物及油品组成的影响,并通过直接再生和强化再生研究了催化剂的再生特性.结果表明:随着水合CaO用量逐渐加大,生物油性能明显改善.在催化剂/藻质量比为1:3时催化热解得到的生物油产率为28.5%,具有含氧量低、热值高、运动黏度低、含水率低等优点.与直接热解油相比,催化热解油中羧基化合物和羟基化合物含量均有明显下降,而脂肪烃和芳香烃含量均显著增加.第1次和第2次循环再生实验中,直接再生催化剂依然具有较高的催化活性.通过在直接再生过程中引入水洗强化步骤,可对再生催化剂表面进行更新,并降低其表面的碱金属含量,明显改善再生催化剂所催化热解的油品质量,提高再生催化剂活性. 相似文献
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Dewi Selvia Fardhyanti Bayu Triwibowo Heri Istanto Muhammad Khusni Anajib Amalia Larasati Windy Oktaviani 《中国化学工程学报》2019,27(2):391-399
Utilization of biomass as a new and renewable energy source is being actively conducted by various parties. One of the technologies for utilizing or converting biomass as an energy source is pyrolysis, to convert biomass into a more valuable product which is bio-oil. Bio-oil is a condensed liquid from the vapor phase of biomass pyrolysis such as coconut shells and coffee shells. Biomass composition consisting of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin will oxidize to phenol which is the main content in bio-oil. The total phenolic compounds contained in bio-oil are 47.03% (coconut shell) and 45% (coffee shell). The content of phenol compounds in corrosive bio-oils still quite high, the use of this bio-oil directly will cause various difficulties in the combustion system due to high viscosity, low calorific value, corrosivity, and instability. Phenol compounds have some benefits as one of the compounds for floor cleaners and disinfectants which are contained in bio-oil.The correlation between experimental data and calculations shows that the UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) equilibrium model can be used to predict the liquid–liquid equilibrium in the phenol extraction process of the coconut shell pyrolysis bio-oil. While the Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) equilibrium model can be used to predict liquid–liquid equilibrium in the extraction process of phenol from bio-oil pyrolysis of coffee shells. 相似文献
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Xiaoxiang Jiang Naoko Ellis Zhaoping Zhong 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2011,28(1):133-137
There has been an increasing interest in alternative fuels made from biomass which is abundant and renewable. Bio-oil and bio-diesel seem to be such promising liquid fuels. Bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass is highly viscous, acidic, and has high water content. To overcome these problems as a fuel, a method of emulsifying bio-oil with bio-diesel was performed in the previous paper, and a stable mixture of bio-oil and bio-diesel was successfully prepared. In this paper, several properties of the mixture are discussed by using TG, FTIR and 1H NMR. The results show us that, compared with crude bio-oil, some properties of bio-oil/bio-diesel mixture such as water content, acid number, viscosity are much improved. The thermal decomposition of the mixture under air/nitrogen is shown using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Further information about the functional groups is exhibited through Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR). 相似文献
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在小型固定床反应器中以Ni-Cu/ZrO2为催化剂,对小球藻热解油进行催化加氢脱氧,以改善生物油性能。利用XRD、H2-TPR、TG、NH3-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了结构表征。结果表明,Cu的加入有效促进了Ni-Cu/ZrO2催化剂活性相的表面分散,提高了该催化剂对小球藻热解油加氢脱氧反应的催化活性。在2 MPa、350 ℃反应条件下,随Cu/Ni的增大,Ni-Cu/ZrO2的催化活性先升高后降低,Cu/Ni质量比为0.40时的催化性能最好,连续运行3 h后所得精制生物油脱氧率达82.0%。Ni-Cu/ZrO2催化剂在反应过程中,表面结焦少,活性粒子及催化剂性能稳定,连续运行24 h后所得精制生物油脱氧率依然维持在77.0%以上。小球藻热解油经催化加氢脱氧所得的精制生物油,低位热值由31.5 MJ·kg-1提高至35.0 MJ·kg-1,40℃运动黏度由20.5 mm2·s-1降至9.5 mm2·s-1,且油品中水分更易于脱除。精制生物油中高级脂肪酸的含量减少,油品稳定性大幅提高。 相似文献
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我国的生物质资源丰富,将其快速热解成生物油,作为优质化工原料应用,可实现其高值高效应用。本文对以生物油制备的环境友好型生物油淀粉胶黏剂基本性能进行研究,结果表明,其湿胶合强度可达到国标Ⅱ类胶合板标准,其黏度可以满足胶合板工业化生产需求;生物油淀粉胶黏剂流变行为呈现出明显的剪切变稀特征,是典型的假塑性流体,流动活化能△Eη为9.67 kJ·mol-1,表明其具有良好的流动性和应用潜力;通过对比不同生物油加入量的BOS胶黏剂湿胶合强度、流变性和热稳定性的研究发现,生物油的加入可改善BOS胶黏剂的耐水性,促进其固化,并增强其热稳定性。 相似文献
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Hoon Chae Park Hang Seok Choi Ji Eun Lee 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2016,33(4):1159-1169
Rapid quenching of volatiles in fast pyrolysis is important for achieving high yield and quality of the bio-oil product, but few studies have examined the condensation of volatiles and their related heat exchangers. Accordingly, we have studied the condensation characteristics of volatiles by varying heat transfer conditions in a direct contact heat exchanger. As the mass flow rate ratio of quenching oil to pyrolysis gas increased, the heat transfer rate and yield of bio-oil increased. The heat transfer rate and yield of bio-oil reached a maximum value at an intermediate air-to-quenching oil mass flow rate ratio. Additionally, the heat transfer rate and yield of bio-oil decreased as the temperature of the quenching oil increased. Experiments were also conducted to derive an empirical relationship for the volumetric heat transfer coefficient for direct contact heat exchangers. 相似文献