2005年《石化技术》第12卷总目次

研究·开发 汽轮机油氧化安定性能的影响因素……………………………………………………………………………李 薇f1一11 树脂催化分解过氧化氢异丙苯制苯酚丙酮…………………………………………………………赵英学 陆 阳f1—4) Nil／炭黑混炼胶平入口收敛的有限元模拟……………………………………………………………………钟明强f1—81 农用棚膜加速老化与大气曝露实验的相关性………………………………………………………苗翠霞 郑慧琴f1一111 丁基橡胶基本性能研究………………………………………………………………………………张学琪…     

“常用合成材料大气腐蚀(老化)数据积累及老化与防老化研究”已取得成果

<正> 化工部合成材料老化研究所承担的“常用合成材料大气腐蚀(老化)数据积累及老化与防老化研究”是国家科委、国家自然科学基金委员会共同组织的国家自然科学基金重大项目。该课题已通过国家级鉴定及验收。该课题的主要任务是积累常用合成材料在我国几个气候区域的大气老化数据和探索其规律。试验内容包括选材、组织原材料、制备标准试样、户外曝露试验、力学性能和电性能等检测以及数据整理、分     

热氧老化对聚合物改性沥青化学组分及物理特性的影响

研究了不同SBS和EVA掺量(如3%、5%和7%)下,改性沥青由于热氧老化而引起的特性的改变。分别采用SARA(饱和分,芳香分,胶质和沥青质)法、常规测试法及光学显微镜来确定和描述沥青的化学组分、物理性质及形态。结果表明,聚合物全面改善了基质沥青的针入度、软化点及温度敏感性,其效果取决于聚合物的类别和掺量。此外,SBS与EVA相比可以更好地改善基质沥青的性能。形态分析结果表明,SBS和EVA改性沥青间存在明显的不同,对3%SBS改性沥青,聚合物相均匀分散在连续沥青基体中,对相同掺量的EVA改性沥青,EVA微粒分散更细。热氧老化后,试样变硬,对基质沥青和EVA改性沥青更加明显。对所有的试样,老化降低了芳香分的含量,同时增加了胶质和沥青质的含量,而饱和分的变化几乎可以忽略。     

承压燃气聚乙烯管道热氧老化规律研究

由于聚乙烯(PE)管道具有优异的耐腐蚀性能,已成为城镇中、低压燃气管道的首选,然而,作为一种高分子有机材料,其热氧老化问题既不可避免,也是影响燃气管道寿命和使用安全性的重要因素之一。到目前为止,国内外对承压燃气PE管道老化规律的研究都较少。为此,首次搭建了接近工况的承压燃气PE管道热氧老化试验平台,进行了不同温度下的热氧老化试验,利用拉伸试验法进行热氧老化PE试件的拉伸力学性能测试。最后根据拉伸试验的分析结果,结合高分子有机材料寿命预测方法中常用的动力学曲线直线化法,分别得出了承压和无压燃气PE管道的热氧老化预测模型,并分别计算出常温下承压和无压燃气PE管道的寿命。研究结果表明:(1)燃气PE管道的拉伸力学性能随着热氧老化温度、管道内压、老化时间的增加而发生明显变化,断裂点载荷明显减小;(2)当拉伸性能降低20%时,常温下承压和无压燃气PE管道的寿命均大于50年,且承压燃气PE管道寿命低于无压燃气PE管道寿命;(3)当试验压力为0.1 MPa时,承压燃气PE管道比无压燃气PE管道寿命减少9.6%。     

车用耐光老化抗冲击聚丙烯树脂工业化开发

以工业化生产的聚丙烯(PP)粉料和自制的复配助剂包为原料,利用双螺杆挤出机制备了车用耐光老化高熔体流动速率PP树脂,研究了氙灯加速老化暴晒对PP树脂表面特性影响以及老化前后PP树脂残留挥发性有机物(VOC)的种类和含量。实验结果表明,常规抗冲击PP树脂耐光老化性能较差,加速老化暴晒5周期后,老化降解严重,颜色、外观、光泽度及色牢度等降低明显,残留VOC种类增多,且多为含氧基团类小分子化合物。改性后的PP树脂抗冲击性能和氧化诱导期(OIT)有一定提高,其他常规性能基本无变化,加速老化暴晒5周期后,树脂颜色仅略有变化,色牢度保持在4～5级,残留的VOC种类无明显增多,且无含氧基团类小分子化合物。氙灯加速老化暴晒后改性PP和常规PP中VOC种类和含量均不相同,大多数VOC有毒有害,但改性PP树脂中残留的烃类VOC多由聚合过程中低聚物以及加工过程中降解引起;常规PP的含氧基团类VOC主要由PP树脂在光照过程中氧化降解导致,是引起酸味等刺激性气味的主要原因。首次工业化生产的新牌号PPB-MW30-GH具有优异的耐光老化性能,符合汽车内饰件材料未来绿色环保发展的理念。     

防雾滴PE膜共混物的流变行为研究

为降低生产成本，提高产品强度，在PE三层共挤成型防雾滴大棚膜中加入LLDPE，并加入EVA以改善加工条件和制品耐候性；运用大量流变数据，对其进行流变行为研究，分析，应用表明：共混物中加入EVA改性后，不仅改善了混合物的流动性，且能降低加工温度，提高产品的产量和质量。     

原油老化对流变性的影响

对老化给原油流变性带来的影响进行了实验研究，以东黄线原油，中原原油为例，分别进行了自然状态下以及预处理后原油的老化实验，结果表明，原油的老化程度因原油的组成，原油状态，环境状况和老化时间等条件的不同会有所不同。不管是未经预处理的原油，还是已经预处理的原油，或是重复预处理的原油，都存在老化而使原油流变性恶化的问题，应引起科研和生产领域的重视。还对原油老化机理了探讨。     

原油老化对流变性的影响

对老化给原油流变性带来的影响进行了实验研究。以东黄线原油、中原原油为例，分别进行了自然状态下以及预处理后原油的老化实验，结果表明，原油的老化程度因原油的组成、原油状态、环境状况和老化时间等条件的不同会有所不同。不管是未经预处理的原油，还是已经预处理的原油，或是重复预处理的原油，都存在老化而使原油流变性恶化的问题，应引起科研和生产领域的重视。还对原油老化机理进行了探讨。     

基于测力延度试验的聚合物改性沥青低温拉伸性能研究(1)聚合物改性沥青测力延度性能及其影响因素

通过测力延度试验分别对SBS、SBR、EVA、PE四种改性沥青的低温拉伸性能进行了测试分析，研究了各种聚合物的种类、掺量、基质沥青、热老化等因素对聚合物改性沥青测力延度性能的影响。试验结果表明，测力延度试验可以比较全面的反映改性沥青的低温拉伸性能，是评价改性沥青低温性能的简单有效的方法。     

老化油负压脱水技术

老化油负压脱水处理是利用油、水沸点差,在真空状态下产生水闪蒸.利用真空干燥原理、热膜膨胀与凝聚分离技术确定装置实现的条件.通过实验得到老化油脱水效果与老化油含水、脱水温度、脱水真空度、进油速度及蒸发板面积之间的关系,确定负压脱水技术参数.老化油含水30％,进油温度适用范围为60 ～ 75 ℃,工作真空度为-0.08～-0.09 MPa,在不添加任何化学剂的条件下,可以实现净化油含水小于2％的要求.     

聚乙烯薄膜的光氧老化及影响因素

研究了光氧老化过程对聚乙烯薄膜物理性能的影响,对比考察了光稳定剂对不同种类、不同厚度聚乙烯薄膜耐光氧老化性能的影响。结果表明,这种薄膜的老化性能可用力学、热学、光谱参数表征;当薄膜厚度为30－150μm时,不加光稳定剂的薄膜厚度对光氧老化性能的影响不大,加光稳定剂后薄膜厚度对光氧老化性能的影响是随膜厚的增大而迅速增大。     

Laboratory evaluation of the effects of short-term aging on high temperature performance of asphalt binder modified with crumb rubber and rice husk ash

This Paper aims to analyze the influence of the short-term aging on the physical and rheological characteristics of asphalt containing a combination of crumb rubber and rice husk ash at high temperature. To simulate the aging on a short term in the laboratory, the rolling thin film oven test was conducted. Obtained results indicated that adding CR and RA had significant positive effect on the aging resistance of asphalt binder through increasing penetration aging ratio (PAR) values. Nevertheless, adding CR and RA reduced softening point increment (SPI), viscosity aging index (VAI), as well as the rutting factor aging index (AIOR).     

Aging Performance of SBS Modified Asphalt

Abstract

The penetration, softening point, and ductility of the aging basic asphalt and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt were studied, and the thin film oven aging behavior of them was researched by using infrared spectrum. The experimental results showed that the softening point was increased, the penetration and ductility were decreased after basic asphalt thin film oven aging; the results of aging SBS modified asphalt thin film oven aging was similar too. The research of infrared spectrum indicated that absorbing–oxygen oxidation reaction was taking place when basic asphalt film was aging, carbonyl and sulfoxide groups were increased after SBS modified asphalt thin film oven had been aging. The aging extent of SBS modified asphalt was bigger than basic asphalt and the ability of bearing low temperature was better. SBS modified asphalt could have worse anti-aging performances than that of base asphalt.     

紫外线添加剂对沥青紫外线老化的改善作用

采用沥青薄膜烘箱试验（TFOT）和紫外线老化试验，对壳牌90号重交通道路石油沥青，以及掺加添加剂后沥青的针入度、软化点、延度和粘度等指标进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，紫外线老化对沥青性能有比较明显的影响作用，但掺加合适剂量的某些添加剂后，沥青性能可以在一定程度上得到改善；此外，通过TFOT还表明紫外线添加剂对沥青热老化也有一定的改善作用。     

Aging Behavior of Colored Paving Asphalt

In this paper, the aging processes of colored paving asphalt conforming to GB/15180-94 standard were studied by rotate thin film oven (RTFO) test. The results show that the established two dynamics models can be use to describe the aging velocity of the two kinds of colored paving asphalt perfectly. After aging, asphaltene content increased, resins and aromatics content, as well as saturate content decreased. As a result, the original colloidal structure of colored paving asphalt is destroyed, which deteriorates performance of the colored paving asphalt. During aging, the Gastel index (Ic), which is sensitive to aging conditions, decreased with increase of aging temperature and extension of aging time. Therefore, the Gastel index can be used to evaluate the aging resistance of the colored paving asphalt.     

Changes in rheological properties during asphalt aging

The deterioration of asphalt binders rheological behaviors in different aging stages were investigated by using self-developed indoor aging equipment SAT (simple aging test), and the corresponding relationship between indoor simulated aging and field asphalt aging was established. It was found that SAT equipment can better simulate the aging process of asphalt on site, with asphalt film thickness of 2?mm, short-term aging temperature at 150?°C, long-term aging temperature at 95?°C.     

Improving the Aging Resistance of Bitumen by Reduction

The aging properties of bitumen evaluated by means of Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy. The effect of sodium borohydride as a reducing agent on the chemical structure of bitumen in aging process was studied. The bitumen was aged by means of the rolling thin film oven test then pressure aging vessel. Reduced modified bitumen were resistant to the formation of carbonyl and sulfoxide groups nearly unchanged, indicating the improvement of aging resistance of bitumen by the reduction process. As well as physical properties tests (penetration and softening point) of bitumen showed the more resistance of reduced modified bitumen against aging.     

管输温度对EVA型防蜡剂防蜡效果的影响

采用Couette蜡沉积实验装置研究了聚乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)型防蜡剂对长庆原油蜡沉积特性的影响,分析了不同管输温度条件下EVA型防蜡剂的防蜡效果。研究发现,与空白原油相比,加剂原油的蜡沉积速率大幅降低,同时蜡沉积物的老化速率升高。无论是在恒定油壁温差还是在恒定壁温条件下,EVA型防蜡剂的防蜡效率均随油温的升高而不断降低,EVA对蜡沉积物老化速率的提升幅度均随油温的升高而不断增大。通过分析EVA型防蜡剂对长庆原油流动特性、低温胶凝结构特性及微观蜡晶形貌的影响,阐明了EVA型防蜡剂对长庆原油蜡沉积特性的影响机理,并从蜡沉积物初始凝油层抗剪切强度及蜡分子扩散速率2个角度揭示了管输温度对EVA型防蜡剂防蜡效果的影响。