成形表面超精度在线测量仪的研制

设计研制一种用于成形表面接触式在线测量的超精度测量仪.它的优点如下:①测量力很小,(约0.001～0.0015N),对被测表面不会产生划伤、刮痕;②测量精度高,测量仪测头的倾斜与滑动引起的测量误差很小,且其运动通过极小型的激光干涉差分传感器进行检测,因此,其测量数据的相关性和重复性比传统的传感器要好得多,测量数据的重复性3σ小于0.1μm;③可实时进行测量,从测量仪测得的数据通过电脑同步输出,生产效率高.     

Development of efficient production routes based on strip casting for advanced high strength steels for crash-relevant parts

Twin roll strip casting can be an effective alternative to produce high manganese TWIP steel, which provides extraordinary mechanical properties. In the work presented, 1.5–3 mm thin hot strips with up to 30 wt% manganese were produced directly from the melt and further processed to cold strip. An adapted thermo-mechanical treatment, consisting of cold rolling with or without subsequent annealing, enables to adjust different material states, such as recrystallised or strengthened state, and thus to tailor the mechanical properties. As an example for the superior crash behaviour of high manganese TWIP steels, dynamic crash tests were carried out using cold rolled Fe–29Mn–0.3C steel in different material states.     

焊接电源接触电流测试装置的研发

介绍一种焊接电源专用的接触电流自动测试装置的工作原理。给出其原理分析、比对测试、硬件组成和软件框图。该测试装置具有自动化程度高、测试准确、使用方便等优点。     

Ultra precision positioning system for servo motor–piezo actuator using the dual servo loop and digital filter implementation

The ultra precision positioning technique has become one of the important parts in the development of precision machines. For positioning systems having a long stroke with ultra precision, a combined system including a global stage (coarse stage) and a micro stage (fine stage) is designed in this paper. A ball screw based servo motor is used as the global stage and a piezo actuator as the micro stage, in which some design parameters are analysed. To improve positional accuracy and remove the noise components of motion, the digital Chebyshev filter has been designed and implemented. The implemented digital filter has been found to improve accuracy by as much as three times. Positional accuracy has been readily achieved within 10 nm over the typical 200 mm stroke, and therefore this technique can be applied to develop high precision semiconductor equipment such as lithography steppers and probers.     

线材尺寸精度控制专家系统的开发

分析了影响线材尺寸精度的主要因素，介绍了用于高速线材轧机产品尺寸精度控制的计算机专家系统的开发过程。通过计算机计算及优化调整压下和速度参数等，可使不同钢种、规格的产品均能确保尺寸精度。     

冲压模具用零件智能CAD系统的开发

从冲压模结构设计来看,所涉及的零部件多为凸模、凹模、导正销、导柱和导套等已经系列化标准化的零件。为了提高设计效率,研究开发标准件库及智能设计辅助工具,采用VC＋＋编程,将零部件检索、选型、参数校核和3D模型浏览等有关功能和界面制作成标准的COM组件或DLL,使之与各CAD模块的开发独立开来,从而不受平台限制,便于在各CAD平台上移植以及标准件库的推广应用。     

Development of an on-machine profile measurement system in ELID grinding for machining aspheric surface with software compensation

Efficient manufacture of dimensionally accurate optical surface on hard and brittle materials is a major concern for optoelectronic industry. Electrolytic in process dressing (ELID) grinding is proved as a reliable process to achieve this optical quality nano-surface finish on hard and brittle materials. Besides surface finish it is important to ensure dimensional accuracy by improving profile and form accuracy of the ground aspheric surface. Kinematic factors are commonly considered the reasons for the dimensional inaccuracy in a machined part. Software compensation is a direct and economical method to overcome several kinematic factors and improve the dimensional accuracy. Last, but most important, is the monitoring of achieved surface profile to ensure more accurate profile radius in the finished part. So an on-machine profile measurement system based on coordinate measuring machine (CMM) principle has been developed to check the profile radius of the ground surface. In this study software compensation was applied in ELID grinding of an aspheric surface in order to compensate the wheel wear until the measured surface profile machined on BK7 glass reaches within tolerable limit.     

卷烟包装设备专用零件参数化CAD系统开发

在Pro／E软件环境下,利用二次开发工具Pro／Tookit结合Pro／E的布局功能开发了一套针对卷烟包装设备的专用零件参数化CAD系统。该系统具有便捷的用户菜单,通过修改布局文件中烟包、烟条规格参数,可以对卷烟包装设备专用零件进行自动参数化设计,并输出相应的三维零件图、三维装配图和二维工程图。同时,系统实现了零件的自动设计和装配检验,大大缩短了产品的开发时间,提高了设计效率。     

基于PMAC的大型超精密车铣机床数控系统开发

以自行研制的基于工业PC机和PMAC卡的大型超精密车铣机床的开放式数控系统为对象,详细介绍了其硬件构成及控制、通讯原理,以及软件的结构和功能,简述了系统软件的编程。并分析了系统超精密定位和反馈检测性能,其能很好满足所装备的大型车铣机床的超精密定位和位置跟踪要求,实现机床的超精密、大行程的车铣加工。     

框肋零件弯边回弹补偿系统的开发与应用

针对框肋零件弯边回弹问题,基于CATIA V5平台,利用其二次开发工具CAA,开发了框肋零件弯边离散与信息提取模块、弯边重构模块;开发了基于知识库展现于Web浏览器的弯边回弹预测与补偿模块.工艺设计人员可以直接在CATIA环境与Web浏览器中,快速实现框肋零件弯边的回弹补偿.应用所开发的系统,对某一典型框肋零件弯边进行回弹补偿,并采用试验验证.     

小H型钢轧后控制冷却系统的开发与应用

通过对热轧后小H型钢立即进行强制冷却,实现型钢组织从奥氏体向铁素体转变过程中的晶粒细化,从而很大程度提高小H型钢的屈服强度。根据这个理论和温度场模拟计算以及现场实际条件设计的在线控制冷却系统在马钢小H型钢生产线上得到应用。应用结果显示,Q235材质的小H型钢屈服强度比空冷条件下提高50 MPa以上。     

Development of a grinding-drilling technique for holing optical grade glass

This study presents the development of a grinding-drilling technique for an innovative bench-top drill that combines micro-EDM with grinding and drilling to fabricate micro-holes in optical grade glass. Firstly, a novel diamond-tool, made with copper-based sintered alloy, is designed and fabricated on-line into a harbor-shaped structure with a hollow shaft and negative back rake-angles. Constructed reverse co-centric micro-hole EDM-drilling and reverse w-EDM facilitate on-line machining of the diamond-tool, which can then be directly utilized to drill micro-holes in optical glass and quartz. Application of a load-cell that detects the drilling force in real-time, providing feedback for fine tuning the feed-rate of the tool is proposed. Experimental results show that excellent geometric and dimensional accuracy of micro-holes can be achieved. The estimated reasonable tool life is determined at a machining number of 30 times. The proposed grinding-drilling technique is simple, cost effective, and can significantly contribute to the precision micromachining industry.     

便携式钢轨疲劳裂纹检测装置的研制

基于脉冲涡流理论和应用信号处理技术等研制出一款便携式钢轨疲劳裂纹检测装置。对该装置各功能模块的技术特点和整体性能加以描述。试验表明，该装置在显著降低检测装置功耗的同时，仍可有效抑制提离现象对检测的影响，即在一个足够宽的提离范围内，仍可快速检测到被测件表面的裂纹。     

A three-probe system for measuring the parallelism and straightness of a pair of rails for ultra-precision guideways

This paper describes a three-probe system that can be used to measure the parallelism and straightness of a pair of rails simultaneously. The parallelism is measured using a modified reversal method, while the straightness is measured using a sequential two-point method. The measurement algorithms were analyzed numerically using a pair of functionally defined rails to validate the three-probe system. Tests were also performed on a pair of straightedge rails with a length of 250 mm and a maximum straightness deviation of 0.05 μm, as certified by the supplier. The experimental results demonstrated that the parallelism measurement algorithm had a cancellation effect on the probe stage motion error. They also confirmed that the proposed system could measure the slope of a pair of rails with an accuracy of about 0.06 μrad. Therefore, by combining this technique with a sequential differential method to measure the straightness of the rails simultaneously, the surface profiles can be determined accurately and the stage error eliminated. The measured straightness deviation of each straightedge was less than 0.05 μm, consistent with the certified value.     

焊接材料数据库管理系统的开发

为了解决目前实验室材料管理过程中工作效率低、工作量大等问题,利用Access作为后台数据库管理语言,C+作为开发语言,开发出一套实验室焊接材料数据库管理系统。该系统能够对焊接材料的相关信息进行科学的分类管理,提供高效的查询方法,实现焊接材料数据的添加、修改、删除和保存,并能提供焊接材料供应厂家的相关信息。程序运行快捷、准确,提高了工作效率。     

Development of a directly-driven thread whirling unit with advanced tool materials for mass-production of implantable medical parts

Medical screws are a common mass-produced implantable medical component made of Titanium. To machine the threads of these types of components, thread whirling with carbide tools is typically used. However, tool wear and low cutting speed limit the productivity and increase the manufacturing cost of such medical parts. In this study, a direct motor driven thread whirling unit for an advanced Swiss-type CNC lathe was developed and it was used with advanced tool materials such as low binder content Cubic boron nitride (CBN) and Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) to find a cost-effective and more productive alternative to carbide tools.     

Development of a tool wear-monitoring system for hard turning

This paper describes an in-depth study on the development of a system for monitoring tool wear in hard turning. Hard turning is used in the manufacturing industry as an economic alternative to grinding, but the reliability of hard turning processes is often unpredictable. One of the main factors affecting the reliability of hard turning is tool wear. Conventional wear-monitoring systems for turning operations cannot be used for monitoring tools used in hard turning because a conglomeration of phenomena, such as chip formation, tool wear and surface finish during hard turning, exhibits unique behavior not found in regular turning operations. In this study, various aspects associated with hard turning were investigated with the aim of designing an accurate tool wear-monitoring system for hard turning. The findings of the investigation showed that the best method to monitor tool wear during hard turning would be by means of force-based monitoring with an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model. The novel formulation of the proposed AI model enables it to provide an accurate solution for monitoring crater and flank wear during hard turning. The suggested wear-monitoring system is simple and flexible enough for online implementation, which will allow more reliable hard turning in industry.     

Development of a new combined corrosion protection system for chloride‐contaminated reinforced concrete structures

Chloride‐induced damage of reinforcing steel is especially for parking garages and bridges often very severe as large amounts of chlorides act on horizontal surfaces which could lead to fast ingress of these detrimental ions up to the level of the reinforcement and subsequently to high rates of corrosion. In order to avoid the disadvantages of conventional rehabilitation (unreliable prognosis with patch repair or high costs and regular maintenance with cathodic protection using impressed current) a new combined protection system was developed where the principle of drying out the concrete (by means of a surface protection system) is combined with a temporary cathodic protection (by means of a sprayed zinc layer) during the transitional period of the drying out process. This new system was tested both in the laboratory and on‐site at a pilot application. Based on the results obtained the possibilities and limitations of the new system are discussed in this paper.     

Development of a technology orientated programming system for industrial robots

The disassembly of used goods is characterized by strongly varying quantities and a wide range of different kinds and states of products. Furthermore, the requirements of a disassembly system are determined by the disassembly object, by the process as well as by the disassembly system itself. As a result of the high labor costs in industrial countries and the huge amount of used goods, an automated disassembly is favored for the industrial disassembly. New methods for the programming of industrial robots have to be developed because the costs for a programming of small lot sizes are a key factor of the economic efficiency of small and medium sized enterprises (SME). In this paper an off-line programming environment for programming of industrial robots in the field of automated disassembly is presented. The exemplary implementation is realized at a pilot disassembly system, which was built up at the Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb (IWF) of the Technische Universität Berlin.     

油气管道缺陷漏磁检测地面标记器研制

漏磁检测是目前最常用的管道缺陷检测方法之一,它针对管道壁变薄、有腐蚀或者凹坑等缺陷有很好的检测效果。漏磁检测系统通常分为管内检测、管外定位、数据处理三个部分,其中地面标记器是管外定位的核心设备。文章根据油气管道漏磁检测的实际需要,研制出一种操作简洁、定位精度高的地面标记器。在对地面标记器的工作特性和性能要求进行较全面分析的基础上,完成了地面标记器系统的硬件电路设计和制作,其中包括充电电路、供电电路、信号调理电路和MCU控制电路;完成了数据采集和计时程序的编写,并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,标记器能够有效监测到强度相当于地表以下3m处的管道中经过的检测机器人发出的漏磁信号。