天津"都旺新城"一体化示范项目

原国家经贸委与联合国基金会合作，于2002年5月在国内实施了“中国太阳热水器行业发展项目”。项目的主要内容是：支持太阳热水器生产企业技术改造，建设太阳热水器与建筑一体化结合示范工程，制定太阳热水器一体化建筑设计手册、技术规范及太阳热水器作为建筑部件的标准，培训太     

安徽太阳热水器与建筑一体化建设的发展

人类利用太阳能已有几千年的历史，但从现代意义上的开发利用只是近半个世纪的事情。随着人们环保、节能意识的不断提高，太阳热水器发展前景广阔，其与建筑物一体化结合已成为一种方向。所谓一体化结合是指把太阳热水器作为建筑构件之一，与房屋建筑统一规划、同时设计，使其成为建筑的有机组成部分，与建筑融为一体，达到太阳集热器排布科学、有序、安全、规范，进而充分发挥太阳热水器的环保节能效果，真正提高住宅的使用功能和改善居民的居住条件，实现“绿色家居、天人合一”。我国现正处于向小康水平迈进的重要阶段，每年都新建数以万…     

太阳能与建筑一体化沙龙

发展建筑节能事业推动建筑一体化建设随着政府《建筑法》的出台，太阳热水器与建筑完美结合是我们大家共同关心的问题，公司技术人员想方设法经常和有关建筑设计师一起探讨、研究如何从管道布局到屋顶合理放置，做了很多工作，并初见成效。例如：由上海同济大学设计、浙江省直房产开发的海宁精典小区———世纪花园５００多套商品房，较为成功地将美大太阳热水器与建筑融为一体。我们从房屋设计开始参与，到产品安装调试，层层把关，目前工程已全部安装完毕，从小区整体外观看，没有破坏斜屋面的效果，既实惠、又漂亮，老百姓高兴，房产商放…     

太阳热水器与建筑相结合的探讨

一太阳热水器的发展必将与建筑相结合建筑能耗在总能耗中占有很大份额，在发达国家它几乎占４０％左右。由于世界各国对环境和能源短缺的日益关注，持续发展必将成为今后建筑设计的重要指导思想。当前，将太阳热水、被动太阳采暖—降温、太阳电池发电应用于建筑，并与建筑一体化的新型太阳能建筑已在欧洲及美国、日本等国进行示范，公众反响强烈。在许多工业化国家中，太阳热水器早已列为与建筑配套的卫生设备的一部分。欧洲为推广太阳热水器，采取了“工程项目法”，以色列甚至通过法规规定新起建筑物必须安装太阳热水器，２０００年悉尼奥…     

太阳能产品标准化图集简述

在太阳能热水器建筑一体化进程中,传统的太阳热水器角色发生了根本变化,由相对独立、与建筑开发商毫无关联、可任意安装的一个装置,变换为与建筑密不可分的建筑构件。因此,太阳能热水系统的设计、营销、安装验收、售后服务等环节需要太阳能设备生产及安装厂家、建筑规划设计部门、建筑开发商等共同参与、探索及完善。住宅建设管理等职能部门将对太阳热水器的安装制定相关的法规,以引导太阳能热水器行业的健康发展。     

架空构架式太阳热水器系统

分析了当前太阳热水器和住宅建筑结合的现状,指出太阳热水器在住宅建筑上应用的限制因素;针对所存在的问题,提出了太阳热水器与住宅建筑结合的一种方式--"架空构架式".它和建筑一体化结合,构造、施工简单,对屋面使用没有影响,经济性好.因此必将成为今后高层住宅建筑太阳能一体化的发展趋势.     

德国太阳热水器与建筑的结合

德国太阳热水器与建筑的结合马丁·雷斯近年来，太阳集热器的应用在德国有较快的发展，根据政府机构的统计和预测，１９９０年德国已安装了２８．４万ｍ２太阳热水器，平均每千人拥有集热器面积为３．６ｍ２，市场销售额约合３．４亿人民币，到本世纪末，集热器的安装面积...     

太阳热水器技术讲座(一)太阳热水器发展概况及基本知识

1 太阳热水器发展概况。（1）国外太阳热水器发展概况。为了减轻环境污染和生态破坏给人类造成的危害，确保国民经济的持续发展，世界各国对太阳热水器的开发十分重视。世界各国纷纷制定太阳热水器技术产业的发展规划，实行一系列优惠扶持政策，大大地加速了该行业的发展。     

凝固的乐章——从游泳馆的设计看太阳能与建筑结合

太阳能多年来，我国太阳热水器行业发展迅速，并进入了建筑领域，国家建设部已将太阳热水器推广列入《建筑节能九三计划》和２０１０年规划。到１９９９年，我国太阳热水器累计拥有量２０００万平方米，但是，太阳热水器由于其本身特有的性质，在与建筑的结合过程中产生了大量地不协调。本文通过深圳体校游泳馆工程实例简单介绍一下太阳热水器如何与建筑物有机地结合。１工程概况深圳市体育运动学校，占地８．２公顷，总建筑面积３４０００平方米。游泳馆建筑面积４９１２平方米，馆内分别设游泳池和跳水池各一个，游泳池尺寸为：２５×２５…     

太阳能建筑构件--真空管集热保温板

我们认为要使太阳热水器真正与建筑有机地结合在一起，最好是从设计入手，把热水器作为建筑的一个组成部分，即建筑构件，以满足建筑的基本要求为前提进行设计，设计、生产出用于“建筑。的太阳热水器。     

Government policy uncertainty and stock prices: The case of Australia's uranium industry

We investigate effects of government policy uncertainty on stock prices, reflecting tension between ‘private interest’ (economic benefits) and ‘public interest’ arguments over uranium mining. Using a sample of Australian-listed uranium firms from January 2005 through June 2008, we document a positive contemporaneous correlation between stock returns and volatility and two measures of government policy uncertainty, proxied by the spread in voters' opinion polls between the two major political parties and a news-based sentiment index. Event-study results show significant stock price reactions to key uranium-related policy events, with cross-sectional variation in event returns predicted by models incorporating firm- and project-level characteristics. Our research design and findings may inform future research on the capital market effects of government policy uncertainty in other regulated industries.     

The UK domestic photovoltaics industry and the role of central government

Microgeneration technologies, such as solar photovoltaics, are an increasingly popular alternative for policy makers looking to address security of supply, fuel poverty, and environmental concerns. In the UK, this industry has benefited from government support in the form of grants but there is uncertainty about how microgeneration policy will evolve in the coming years. This paper uses interviews with stakeholders from across the UK PV industry to describe the current business and policy environment before exploring microgeneration policy as a question of joined-up government. Using a policy ‘streams’ framework, it is shown that microgeneration policy in the UK remains largely the domain of one ministry and while there is potential for cross-government promotion of microgeneration, departments must be convinced that microgeneration is a solution to “their” problems before policy coordination and consistency can be improved. While the paper focuses primarily on central government, the increasingly important role of local government in microgeneration policy is also briefly discussed.     

After Sleipner A policy for UK gas supplies

The decision by the UK government to reject the import of Norwegian gas from the Sleipner field, has determined the sources of UK gas supplies up to the early 1990s. Incredibly, the single most important British energy policy decision of the mid-1980s (and perhaps of the entire decade), failed to arouse any significant public interest. Moreover, the excitement which followed the announcement of the intention to privatize the British Gas Corporation (BGC) within the lifetime of the present government, obscured the much more important issue of future UK gas supplies. In spite of its avowed disdain for energy policy making, the government has arrived at a policy for UK gas supplies. This article looks at the reasons behind the Sleipner decision and its consequences for the UK gas market in the 1990s.     

Why is South Korea's renewable energy policy failing? A qualitative evaluation

This study explores the causes of the South Korean government's failure to successfully deploy its renewable energy policy. Despite the South Korean government’s ongoing efforts since 2002 to promote the deployment of renewable energy, the established deployment target has not been met and the share of renewable energy supply in total primary energy supply is poor compared to peer countries with a similar level of economic development. Therefore, we attempt to find the causes of this policy failure using qualitative evaluation methods. Through the analyses, conducted using focused interviews and secondary data, we found that the domination of the fossil fuel and nuclear power industry's interests, inconsistent policy shifts, policy design that lacks sufficient support schemes, poorly coordinated government activities, and unsystemic and untimely monitoring and feedback have led to the failure of renewable energy deployment policies in South Korea. To overcome these problems, we suggest that the South Korean government should set more ambitious policy goals, establish a new independent organization that focuses on energy policy issues, use a varied policy mix, and secure political support from diverse policy actors.     

Analysis of the policy effects of downstream Feed-In Tariff on China’s solar photovoltaic industry

The Chinese government initiated the Feed-In Tariff (“FIT”) policy for downstream power generation in August 2013. The effectiveness of the downstream FIT policy has attracted the attention of academia and government. Using the quarterly data of listed solar PV companies between 2009 and 2015, this paper provides an empirical analysis regarding the effects of the downstream FIT policy. We find that (1) the FIT policy has significantly enhanced the inventory turnover of listed PV firms and improved their profitability; (2) the FIT policy has significant effects on the inventory turnover of midstream companies and mixed industry-chain companies mainly engaged in downstream operations; (3) FIT policy is more favorable towards increasing the inventory turnover of private enterprises. Our results indicate that the FIT policy can have substantial effects on the sustainable development of China's solar photovoltaic industry.     

我国鼓励节能的财税政策思路和建议

未来我国政府对能源的管理应由能源供应转向供应与终端消费并重,要从行政手段为主转向经济政策调控手段为主。在操作层面上,政府应该通过采取有效的经济激励政策,建立终端用能设备能效标准和标识体系,鼓励生产和使用各类节能设备,以减少能源消费、促进市场竞争、减少污染物排放,从而逐步建立起有效的节能性社会。财税政策是国家鼓励节能经济政策的重要方面,本文主要从税收政策、政府预算政策、政府采购政策等方面提出相应的思路和对策建议。     

China׳s precarious synthetic natural gas demonstration

In 2013, China׳s national government abandoned its previous cautious policy and started to promote large-scale deployment of coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG). Coal-based SNG is both carbon-intensive and very water-intensive. Driven by a smog crisis and the recession of coal industry, China׳s 2013 policy change is major setback in its long-term efforts in carbon mitigation and water conservation. The government of China made the policy change before the commercial commencement of China׳s first SNG demonstration plant. Since the commencement of China׳s SNG demonstration plant, many problems have started to appear. In this article, I discuss the nature of demonstration project and explain the danger in starting a crash program without evaluating the demonstration comprehensively and transparently.     

The process of government and UK oil participation policy

The creation and subsequent abolition of the British National Oil Corporation is analysed using the methodological framework of the economic theories of politics and bureaucracies. The oil policy process is examined with special attention to the nature of government intervention in the oil extraction sector and the impact of various pressures on the development and implementation of oil policy. The paper concludes that bureaucratic and political influences on government oil participation policy have led to distortions and imperfections which have added to uncertainty and undermined efficiency in the offshore sector.     

Comparing climate policies to reduce carbon emissions in China

Currently, China is the largest carbon emitter mainly due to growing consumption of fossil fuels. In 2009, the Chinese government committed itself to reducing domestic carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 40–45% by 2020 compared to 2005 levels. Therefore, it is a top priority for the Chinese government to adopt efficient policy instruments to reduce its carbon intensity. Against this background, this paper develops a general equilibrium model and seeks to provide empirical contributions by comparing the potential impacts of several different policy options to reduce China's carbon emissions. The main findings are as follows. Firstly, these climate policies would affect the structure of economy and contribute to carbon emissions reduction and carbon intensity reduction. Secondly, there would be significant differences in the economic and environmental effects among different climate policies and hence, the government would trade-off among different economic objectives to overcome any potential resistances. Thirdly, there would be considerable differences in the emissions effects of absolute and intensity-based carbon emissions controls, implying that the government might adopt different climate policies for absolute or intensity-based carbon emissions controls. Looking ahead, the government should trade-off among different objectives when designing climate reforms.     

Adoption of green electricity policies: Investigating the role of environmental attitudes via big data-driven search-queries

Despite the rising influence of public opinion on government energy policy formulation and implementation, the roles of pro and/or anti-environmental attitudes among residents have not been empirically examined. To quantify time-varying environmental attitudes among local residents, we exploit geo-specific Google search-query data derived from Internet-based “big data” and verify through ordinary least squares regression outcomes regarding environmental behavior. For the purpose of drawing policy implications, we revisit decisions by state governments of the United States to adopt three well-known green electricity policies: renewable energy portfolio, net metering rules, and public benefit funds. As some states have not yet adopted some (or any) of these policies, unlike previous studies, we handle the issue by examining right-censored data and applying a duration-based econometric method called the accelerated failure time model. We found state residents’ environmental attitudes to have statistically significant roles, after controlling for other traditional time-varying policy adoption factors. Interestingly, the extent to which anti-environmental attitudes affect a state’s policy adoption differs across green energy policies, and knowing this can help a local government formulate better-tailored environmental policy. In particular, researchers can use our method of incorporating citizens’ environmental attitudes to discuss relevant issues in the field of energy policy.