玉米醇溶蛋白改性及食品中应用研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白性质独特,是良好的食品原料。本文综述了玉米醇溶蛋白提取方法、蛋白改性途径及在食品中的应用状况。虽然醇溶蛋白的应用受成本、性能等因素制约,但随着技术的不断进步,玉米醇溶蛋白应用前景广阔。     

玉米醇溶蛋白核壳结构微粒的制备及应用研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白是一种来自玉米的储存蛋白,因其良好的成膜性、独特的溶解性和自组装性能在食品、制药和生物技术等领域具有广泛的应用。基于玉米醇溶蛋白在不同溶剂体系的溶解特性和自组装特性,可采用多种方法制备具有核壳结构特征的玉米醇溶蛋白微粒,该微粒可作为生物活性物质的递送载体、乳液稳定剂和纳米纤维材料等。本文综述了玉米醇溶蛋白核壳结构微粒的不同制备方法及其功能特性,旨在为玉米醇溶蛋白核壳结构微粒的制备及其在食品领域的应用提供理论依据和实际指导。     

玉米醇溶蛋白肽的超滤膜分级及产物的体外生物活性

为探究分子质量对玉米醇溶蛋白肽体外生物活性的影响,以玉米醇溶蛋白为原料,采用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase酶解制备玉米醇溶蛋白肽,采用截留分子质量为5、3 ku和1 ku的超滤膜对玉米醇溶蛋白肽进行顺次分级分离,获得分子质量大于5 ku、3~5 ku、1~3 ku和小于1 ku 4个组分,通过测定各组分的抗氧化活性和乙醇脱氢酶激活活性,表征超滤膜分级对玉米醇溶蛋白肽体外生物活性的影响。结果表明：用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase酶解玉米醇溶蛋白2 h时,清除DPPH自由基的玉米醇溶蛋白肽组分分子质量分布在1~5 ku范围内;螯合亚铁离子、清除羟自由基和激活乙醇脱氢酶的玉米醇溶蛋白肽组分的分子质量集中在小于1 ku;而玉米醇溶蛋白肽的超氧阴离子自由基清除活性和还原力受其分子质量大小影响较小。综上,分子质量对玉米醇溶蛋白肽的生物活性影响较大,可以选用超滤膜对玉米醇溶蛋白肽活性组分进行分级和富集。     

玉米醇溶蛋白基纳米颗粒的制备及应用研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白是玉米中的主要储藏蛋白,是天然的两亲性高分子材料,因其具有自主装特性及在不同溶液中呈现不同的溶解特性,可通过多种方式构建成纳米颗粒,进而对生物活性物质进行荷载和输送,或用来稳定乳液。近年来,玉米醇溶蛋白基纳米颗粒在食品和营养物质运输领域的研究不断深入。研究发现,利用玉米醇溶蛋白与蛋白质、多糖、多酚、表面活性剂等物质进行复合,可以得到更加稳定且对生物活性物质包埋率、荷载量更高的玉米醇溶蛋白基纳米颗粒。本文对玉米醇溶蛋白基纳米颗粒的制备方法与种类、应用情况和目前存在的问题进行了综述,为玉米醇溶蛋白在食品领域的实际应用提供理论参考。     

TGase催化玉米醇溶蛋白糖基化改性

利用转谷氨酰胺酶（transglutaminase,TGase）催化玉米醇溶蛋白与氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐（glucosamine hydrochloride,GAH）发生交联反应。通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳确认玉米醇溶蛋白与GAH发生交联反应。以玉米醇溶蛋白糖基化修饰产物中GAH导入量为指标,优化糖基化反应条件,并对玉米醇溶蛋白糖基化修饰样品的溶解性进行了表征。结果表明,最适的糖基化反应条件为底物质量浓度5 g/100 mL、TGase添加量50 U/g（以玉米醇溶蛋白计）、玉米醇溶蛋白中酰基供体与GAH中的酰基受体物质的量比1∶6、初始pH 8.0、反应温度44 ℃、反应时间7 h;此反应条件下,玉米醇溶蛋白中GAH的最大导入量为（11.34±0.21） mg/g（以玉米醇溶蛋白计）。与玉米醇溶蛋白相比,玉米醇溶蛋白交联样品与糖基化修饰样品的溶解性均得到提高,玉米醇溶蛋白糖基化修饰样品的溶解性最高。     

玉米醇溶蛋白膜研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白膜作为一种绿色环保包装材料,具有良好的阻气性、阻湿性。因材料的可食性及可降解性使玉米醇溶蛋白膜在包装材料或可降解薄膜方面具有潜在商业价值,为其在食品、医药和化工等方面的应用奠定基础。文章对玉米醇溶蛋白的提取工艺、成膜工艺、膜的性能及存在的问题等方面进行了综述,为进一步扩大玉米醇溶蛋白膜的应用范围提供依据。     

玉米醇溶蛋白的改性方法研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白是一种广泛存在于植物中的食物蛋白,但因其溶解性的限制,制约了其在食品工业中的应用。文章主要论述了玉米醇溶蛋白的组成、功能特性、研究现状以及改性方法。在综述国内外玉米醇溶蛋白改性研究进展的基础上,提出玉米醇溶蛋白改性存在的问题及展望。     

原料热处理对玉米醇溶蛋白结构性质和酶解效率的影响

以玉米黄粉为原料,在100℃和110℃温度下分别处理10 min、20 min和30 min后提取玉米醇溶蛋白,研究了原料热处理温度和处理时间对玉米醇溶蛋白提取率和部分结构性质的影响。同时,经加热处理的玉米醇溶蛋白用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase酶解,研究了热处理条件对醇溶蛋白酶解效率的影响。实验结果表明:随着加热温度的升高与处理时间的延长,玉米醇溶蛋白的提取率、游离巯基含量、表面疏水性和变性温度均升高。随着热处理时间的进一步延长,玉米醇溶蛋白聚集体的表面形貌发生改变,聚集体含量、游离巯基含量和变性温度持续升高,而玉米醇溶蛋白的提取率、表面疏水性和总变性焓降低。碱性蛋白酶Alcalase酶解经110℃处理30 min的玉米醇溶蛋白时,水解度比未处理玉米醇溶蛋白提高了9.80%。     

壳寡糖酶法糖基化修饰对玉米醇溶蛋白功能性质的影响

为了提高玉米醇溶蛋白的生物利用率,以微生物转谷氨酰胺酶为催化剂,壳寡糖(分子质量为1 500 Da)作为酰基受体,通过糖基化反应修饰玉米醇溶蛋白,分析糖基化修饰对玉米醇溶蛋白物化性质和抗氧化活性的影响。红外光谱和游离氨基含量的测定结果表明,在转谷氨酰胺酶的催化下,玉米醇溶蛋白与壳寡糖发生了共价结合。与玉米醇溶蛋白和交联玉米醇溶蛋白相比,糖基化玉米醇溶蛋白的表面疏水性显著降低,表明其水溶性显著改善;糖基化玉米醇溶蛋白的抗氧化活性(包括1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基清除活性,还原力和亚铁离子螯合能力)显著提高,尤其是DPPH自由基清除活性,其EC50值为0.945 mg/m L;糖基化玉米醇溶蛋白的持水性、吸油性、乳化性和Zeta电位的绝对值均显著降低。实验结果可为糖基化玉米醇溶蛋白在食品工业的应用提供参考。     

玉米醇溶蛋白制备与应用研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白是玉米中主要的贮藏蛋白质,约占总蛋白质的45%~50%。近年来随着对玉米醇溶蛋白研究的深入,它的应用范围逐步扩大。对玉米醇溶蛋白的提取、脱色、纯化等制备方法进行了介绍。同时根据它独具的特性,在塑料、涂膜剂、可食性薄膜等应用方面作相应的阐述。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the