铝土矿硫酸焙烧与水浸提取铝铁

通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了铝土矿硫酸焙烧与水浸提铝铁过程中焙烧温度、焙烧时间和酸/矿摩尔比对铝和铁提取率的影响. 结果表明,在酸/矿摩尔比3.75:1、焙烧温度325℃,焙烧时间2.5 h的条件下,Al提取率达98%, Fe提取率达80%,各因素对铝铁提取率的影响顺序为：酸/矿摩尔比>焙烧温度>焙烧时间. 该工艺具有焙烧温度低、金属提取率高等特点,对铝土矿的开发利用具有重要的意义.     

低温磁化焙烧对高铁铝土矿溶出及磁选性能的影响

为实现高铁铝土矿铝铁元素的高效利用，采用“低温磁化焙烧-拜耳溶出-赤泥磁选”的方式处理高铁铝土矿，考察了焙烧温度、H₂浓度及通入时间对高铁铝土矿溶出及磁选性能的影响。结果表明，焙烧过程中一水硬铝石脱水转变为过渡态Al₂O₃，矿物发生热破裂现象，比表面积增大，氧化铝溶出活性增加，在焙烧条件为焙烧温度530℃、H₂浓度20vol%、H₂通入时间5 min时，氧化铝相对溶出率可达97.65%。磁化焙烧过程中，针铁矿转变为赤铁矿，再由赤铁矿转变为磁铁矿，通过溶出解除了铝铁元素之间的嵌布关系，对焙烧矿的赤泥进行磁选，其铁精矿品位达62.05wt%，铁回收率为86.36%。     

高硫铝土矿的焙烧预处理

采用回转窑对我国高硫铝土矿进行焙烧预处理,考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间对矿物中硫含量及氧化铝溶出性能的影响,利用SEM和XRD技术对焙烧矿的微观形貌、晶型结构变化进行了分析,并对高硫矿脱硫机理和焙烧机理作了探讨. 结果表明,焙烧脱硫处理高硫型铝土矿是可行的,焙烧温度为750℃、焙烧时间为60 min时,焙烧矿中硫含量低于0.7%,达到我国 氧化铝生产的工业要求;焙烧矿在溶出温度220℃、溶出时间60 min的条件下,氧化铝溶出率达到97%以上.     

高硫铝土矿流化焙烧预处理及溶出性能

对我国高硫型一水硬铝石矿进行流态化焙烧预处理.考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间和矿石粒度对焙烧矿矿中硫含量的影响以及对矿物溶出性能的影响.实验结果表明,通过流化焙烧的方法,铝土矿中的硫元素可以成功地以气体形态去除.焙烧温度为850℃,焙烧时间为40 min,矿石粒度为165μm时,焙烧后铝土矿中硫含量降低0.19%.经过流化焙烧预处理后,焙烧矿溶出性能得到改善.溶出温度由240℃下降至220℃下,配料分子比从1.5下降至1.4.     

含硫铝土矿预焙烧动力学研究

使用马弗炉、旋转管式炉及流化床对我国含硫一水硬铝石型铝土矿进行预焙烧脱硫性能的研究.考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间和矿石粒度对焙烧矿中硫含量的影响,并根据实验结果对750~800℃温度范围内不同焙烧方式下矿石脱硫预焙烧动力学进行分析.实验和计算结果表明,不同焙烧方式下焙烧矿中硫含量在750和800℃焙烧温度下均随焙烧时间的延长而下降,马弗炉、旋转管式炉焙烧矿在该焙烧条件下反应表观活化能分别为46.895l和33.090kJ/mol,流态化焙烧反应表观活化能为505.727kJ/mol.     

高硫高硅铝土矿焙烧–溶出性能研究

采用悬浮焙烧对高硫高硅铝土矿进行处理,考察了不同焙烧温度对矿石中硫含量的影响,通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析了不同温度条件下焙烧对铝土矿中物相变化及微观形貌的影响,研究了焙烧温度对矿石中氧化铝溶出性能的影响。结果表明,悬浮焙烧温度600℃及以上时,能够使铝土矿硫化型硫含量降至0.2wt%以下。焙烧使铝土矿中高岭石相发生分解生成非晶态的偏高岭石,同时破坏矿颗粒致密结构,出现晶粒细化,但温度过高(650℃)会出现局部烧结现象。焙烧使一水硬铝石晶体破坏而活化,600℃时晶体破坏最完全,使600℃焙烧矿在相同溶出条件下溶出效果较原矿及其他焙烧矿优势明显,在溶出温度270℃、苛碱浓度245 g/L、石灰添加量14wt%的条件下,相对溶出率能达96%以上。     

低品位铝土矿生产硫酸铝的研究

研究了低品位铝土矿生产硫酸铝及提高产率和产品质量的方法。考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸取温度、浸取时间、硫酸及活化剂的加入对产率的影响。提出最佳工艺条件，为工业生产提供了依据。     

高硫铝土矿脱硫浅析

我国铝土矿资源瓶颈制约的加剧,威胁我国铝工业的生存和发展。而我国大量的高硫铝土矿还没有获得工业应用,提高高硫铝土矿资源利用率显得非常迫切。本文对近年来研究的几种脱硫工艺,其中有浮选法脱硫、生产氧化铝湿法脱硫、焙烧预处理脱硫等几种脱硫技术,对不同脱硫工艺的效果分别进行了评述。     

高铁铝土矿除铁技术研究现状浅析

铝土矿是氧化铝生产过程中的重要原料。对于含铁量高的复杂型铝土矿,不适合常规的拜尔溶出处理。部分铁矿物在溶出过程中,会消耗苛碱量,影响氧化铝的溶出。简述了我国高铁铝土矿的除铁工艺研究现状,以便为高铁铝土矿铝铁分离技术的研究提供参考依据。     

陕西某碳酸盐型钒矿提钒工艺研究

对陕西某低品位钒矿进行了矿物分析及化学分析,并对其焙烧-浸出工艺进行了研究,通过对焙烧温度、焙烧时间、矿物粒径和添加剂作用、配比及浸出方式、浸出温度及浸出时间等因素的研究,得出了最适宜的焙烧温度、焙烧时间和添加剂配比范围及浸出温度、浸出时间。实验结果表明,采用空白焙烧-常温酸浸工艺,钒的转浸率可达97%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.