以二氯甲烷为溶剂对乙酰基二茂铁Mannich反应的研究

利用乙酰基二茂铁的活性α-H的性质进行了乙酰基二茂铁Mannich反应研究,先以磷酸为催化剂,醋酐为酰化剂合成了乙酰基二茂铁,然后探讨在二氯甲烷为溶剂的情况下,乙酰基二茂铁与二乙胺、甲醛的Mannich反应。考察了反应温度、物料摩尔比和反应时间及催化剂的用量对反应条件的影响,并通过红外、质谱对产物进行了表征。确定了以二氯甲烷为溶剂乙酰基二茂铁Mannich反应的合成工艺:乙酰基二茂铁、甲醛、二乙胺的摩尔比为1.0∶2.0∶3.0;操作方式为先加入二乙胺和甲醛,10 min后滴加体积分数为36%盐酸调解pH值在4—6之间,20min后滴加乙酰基二茂铁的二氯甲烷溶液,控制反应温度为50—52℃,反应7 h,产率为77%。     

咪唑基多芳胺类化合物的合成

无氧条件下,环己烷作溶剂,以咪唑为酸性组分与芳香醛和芳香胺反应,通过多组分Mannich反应,“一锅法”合成7种新型咪唑基多芳胺类化合物,产率81％ ～88％.产物通过IR、1HNMR和元素分析确定.该方法具有操作简单、条件温和、产率高、选择性高等特点.     

氨基磺酸催化吲哚Mannich反应绿色合成芦竹碱

[目的]介绍芦竹碱的一种绿色合成方法。[方法]固体酸氨基磺酸作催化剂,吲哚、甲醛、二甲胺3组分在水溶液中发生Mannich反应,30~40℃下合成芦竹碱。[结果]经过实验优化了反应条件,产物经MS和1H NMR得到确认,产率达82%。[结论]该方法绿色环保,成本低,产率高,条件温和,工艺简单,适合工业化生产。     

氨基磺酸催化的Mannich反应合成β-氨基酮

采用廉价的氨基磺酸作为催化剂,芳香酮以及环己酮、3-戊酮与芳香醛、芳香胺可直接发生Mannich反应,生成相应的Mannich碱,产率均在60%～95%.氨基磺酸作为催化剂表现出高效的催化活性,优良的稳定性及良好的利用效率.     

硅胶支载氯磺酸催化以丙酮为酸组分的三组分“一锅法”Mannich反应

用催化产率高、可回收再利用的硅胶支载氯磺酸催化丙酮做酸组分与芳香醛和芳香胺的三组分‘一锅法’Mannich反应。此方案具有催化产率高、条件温和、不污染环境和操作步骤简单等特点。     

具有生物活性的曼尼希碱的合成研究

本文以苯甲醛、苯乙酮、苯胺为原料,在冰浴条件催化剂为浓盐酸的催化条件下反应生成曼尼希碱的反应。在传统的曼尼希碱合成方法的基础上对反应的催化剂、条件等各项指标进行了改进,力求寻找到最为合理有效的合成方法。利用单因素实验研究催化剂浓盐酸的用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应合成产率的影响。最终结果表明,反应物苯甲醛、苯乙酮、苯胺的物质的量比为1. 2∶1. 2∶1,浓盐酸为催化剂,反应温度10℃,反应时间16 h,反应的最高产率为73. 3%。     

盐酸催化缩氨基硫脲类化合物的合成反应研究

以一系列醛(酮)和氨基硫脲为原料,浓盐酸作催化剂,在室温条件下进行反应,合成了6个缩氨基硫脲类化合物,产品经元素分析、IR及1H NMR表征确定为目标化合物。将盐酸催化条件下的反应(Method A)与不使用催化剂条件下进行的反应(Method B)进行比较,结果表明,浓盐酸催化下的反应能够在1 h内完成,产品产率提高10%以上,达到90%,所以浓盐酸是合成该类化合物的高效催化剂。     

由喜树碱制备盐酸拓扑替康

以喜树碱(CPT)为原料,采用氧化、光化及Mannich3步反应的路线合成了盐酸拓扑替康(TPT),通过对反应条件的优化,确定氧化反应最佳条件为:反应时间4h、反应温度75℃、0 01mol喜树碱,w(H2O2)=30%的双氧水48mL、乙酸350mL;光化反应条件:V(1,4 二氧六环)∶V(乙腈)∶V(H2O)=5∶4∶1为溶剂,浓硫酸为催化剂;Mannich反应条件:n(羟基喜树碱)∶n(甲醛)∶n(二甲胺水溶液)=1∶9 3∶5 5,反应温度45℃。盐酸拓扑替康总收率35 9%(文献值[4]29%)、w(TPT)=98 50%、熔点213～217℃(文献值[6]213～218℃)。     

清洁氯化制备氯苯的实验研究

以磷钨酸作催化剂,采用浓盐酸和双氧水制取氯气,制得的氯气和苯反应生成氯苯。该方法对环境友好,清洁生产。经实验表明,当在相同的条件下时,保温时间为2 h时产率最高,达到48%;浓盐酸过量时,氯苯的产率将显著提高。     

盐酸催化苯甲醛缩氨基硫脲类化合物的合成反应研究

以一系列苯甲醛和N4-苯基氨基硫脲为原料,浓盐酸做催化剂,在室温条件下,进行反应合成了8个苯甲醛缩氨基硫脲类化合物,结果表明,浓盐酸催化下的反应能够在1 h内完成,并且产率在90%左右,是合成该类化合物的高效催化剂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.