环烯烃共聚物太赫兹透镜的设计尧制备及特性分析

研究了一种新型光学聚合物,环烯烃共聚物在0.1～3 THz波段的折射率和透过率特性。借助Solid works软件设计了一款焦距为100 mm、有效孔径为1.75英寸的双凸球面透镜,并设计了制造透镜的模具。通过热压塑成型工艺制造了Topas COC太赫兹透镜,分析了温度和加热时间对透镜面型的影响。利用Zemax软件模拟分析了透镜在太赫兹波段150 m、300 m和600 m的波长、厚度、曲率半径和折射率对焦距的影响。研究表明:利用该技术制造的Topas COC透镜面型光滑、精度高、结构无缺陷、性能优良满足系统线性和紧凑的设计要求,在可见光区和太赫兹波段能够发挥准直和聚焦的作用。     

（英）高效锥形太赫兹耦合器

设计了将太赫兹波耦合进入波导的耦合器.耦合器由金属材料铝制成,形状为中空圆锥形和圆柱形的结合.在宽带的脉冲太赫兹信号和单频的连续太赫兹信号两种情况下,模拟并实验测试了耦合器将自由空间传输的平行太赫兹波耦合进入反谐振波导,结果显示该耦合器是宽带太赫兹波耦合器.通过优化耦合器几何参数,在太赫兹时域系统下得到振幅耦合率达到71%,振幅增强因子为6.125.     

高效锥形太赫兹耦合器（英文）

设计了将太赫兹波耦合进入波导的耦合器.耦合器由金属材料铝制成,形状为中空圆锥形和圆柱形的结合.在宽带的脉冲太赫兹信号和单频的连续太赫兹信号两种情况下,模拟并实验测试了耦合器将自由空间传输的平行太赫兹波耦合进入反谐振波导,结果显示该耦合器是宽带太赫兹波耦合器.通过优化耦合器几何参数,在太赫兹时域系统下得到振幅耦合率达到71%,振幅增强因子为6.125.     

大面元太赫兹热释电探测器

针对太赫兹光束的光斑直径较大和传输途径不同的现状,提出大面元太赫兹热释电探测器和多用途探测器结构研究,用于自由空间和波导传输太赫兹光束功率的测试。首先使用有限元分析软件建立太赫兹热释电探测器模型,开展热电耦合仿真设计;其次使用精密研磨抛光工艺、平面集成电路微纳米加工技术、匀胶与剥离工艺、砂轮划片技术等工艺技术,开展太赫兹热释电探测器研制;最后创新设计装配在探测器结构上的套筒与波导适配器。理论分析和实验结果表明:该方法设计的太赫兹热释电探测器具有噪声等效功率低、重复性高特点,并且解决了自由空间与波导传输太赫兹辐射功率兼容测试问题。     

多孔耦合型太赫兹波导定向耦合器的设计

设计了一种结构紧凑、工作频带较宽、耦合平稳、高方向性的十字形多孔耦合的太赫兹波导定向耦合器。基于多孔耦合原理,利用HFSS软件对太赫兹波导定向耦合器进行了模型仿真和结构优化。仿真结果表明:在325~475 GHz带宽范围内,该多孔耦合太赫兹波导定向耦合器耦合度达到7.50.8 dB,隔离度达到30 dB,即方向性优于20 dB,各端口回波损耗小于-20 dB。通过对该波导定向耦合器进行高温高压模拟仿真,确定了使用负性光刻胶SU-8作为结构材料的可行性,提出应用MEMS工艺在硅衬底上进行加工,将牺牲层工艺应用到波导腔结构的制作中。利用光刻在直通波导和耦合波导公共宽壁上形成的十字形等间距排列耦合孔结构,可以实现较宽的带宽和良好的耦合平坦度。该方法提高了耦合孔尺寸和位置的精度,减小了反射损耗,为太赫兹波导结构的加工提供了新思路。     

一种宽带高增益太赫兹透镜天线及其组阵设计

给出了一种宽带高增益的太赫兹介质透镜天线的设计方法，该太赫兹透镜的中心工作频率为220 GHz,工作带宽超过20 GHz,透镜外形为边长118 mm的方形。太赫兹透镜采用平凸透镜形式，透镜材料选用低损耗的氧化铝陶瓷，介质透镜前后表面带有阻抗匹配层，起到减小空气-介质交界面电磁波反射的作用。综合采用上述3种设计手段的太赫兹透镜天线实现了高增益和高效率。在太赫兹透镜天线容差分析的基础上，加工了太赫兹馈源网络和透镜样机，并进行了实物测试。实测太赫兹馈源网络的驻波、极化隔离度、天线增益和天线方向图均与仿真较为接近。进一步，将该阵列单元用于组阵以继续提高太赫兹天线增益，给出了周期组阵和非周期组阵2种布阵设计。计算结果表明，通过非周期组阵设计的透镜阵列天线，可以将栅瓣电平由-8.38 dB抑制到-13.69 dB。     

太赫兹传输波导器件研究进展

随着太赫兹技术的发展,太赫兹传输波导器件的研究成为待解决的重要问题之一。太赫兹波位于微波与红外光之间,寻找高效的传输、耦合器件一直是研究人员的目标。主要介绍了太赫兹传输波导研究现状,并总结了各类型太赫兹波导的优势与不足。根据材料与结构分别对金属波导、介质波导的研究进展进行了分析。其中金属波导包括裸金属线波导、微结构波导、空芯波导以及平板波导,介质波导包括介质空芯波导、多孔芯波导以及微结构波导。最后分别对太赫兹传输波导未来需要解决的研究方向进行了展望。     

0.67 THz宽带谐波混频器设计

为研制太赫兹多频段高灵敏度探测仪,依靠太赫兹砷化镓平面肖特基二极管的非线性特性,结合石英薄膜工艺,设计了宽带0.67 THz谐波混频器,并分析了砷化镓平面肖特基二极管性能表征参数指标对太赫兹混频器性能的影响。0.67 THz谐波混频器采用整体综合的设计方法,结合电气仿真软件ADS和电磁仿真软件HFSS,优化电路中不连续性微带与波导之间的电磁空间耦合效率,以混频器的变频损耗为优化目标,最终实现0.67 THz谐波混频器仿真设计。0.62~ 0.72 THz射频范围内,混频器单边带最低变频损耗小于8 dB,本振功率小于4 mW,本振端口与中频端口、射频端口与中频端口之间隔离度大于-30 dB。     

太赫兹大孔径折射透镜的焦移特性研究（英文）

研究了利用大孔径折射透镜对太赫兹波进行聚焦时产生的焦移效应。焦移效应所引起的焦点位置偏差会对太赫兹系统的成像或测量质量产生不利影响。通过理论计算和有限元分析仿真,研究并讨论了与透镜孔径、焦距和工作频率有关的焦移参考值。当使用商用透镜时,实际焦点位置需要通过焦移效应来确定,以保证太赫兹系统的工作效率。对于定制透镜的设计,焦移需要根据工作频率,在焦距的设计中进行补偿。这两个途径可以保障太赫兹系统的良好性能。     

太赫兹波在金属镀层空芯圆波导中的传输特性

文章理论分析了太赫兹波在金属镀层空芯圆波导中的传输特性.比较了在内直径为2mm的空芯圆波导中分别镀金、铅、镍不同金属时不同入射频率的太赫兹波的理论衰减常数,计算了镀不同金属而入射波波长一定的情况下波导中主模即最低模TE11模的衰减常数随波导内直径的变化情况.进一步研究表明Au,Ag,Cu均可作为空芯圆波导中优良的金属镀层以用于太赫兹波的低损耗传输.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks