DER331/DDS/UBMI体系的固化行为研究

以EP(环氧树脂)为基体、UBMI[PU(聚氨酯)修饰的BMI(双马来酰亚胺)]为耐热改性剂、DDS(4,4′-二氨基二苯砜)为固化剂,制备了EP/DDS/UBMI胶粘剂,并着重考察了EP/DDS/UBMI体系的固化行为。研究结果表明:EP/DDS/UBMI体系的固化反应包含了UBMI/DDS的迈克加成反应、DDS中氨基与EP中环氧基的反应、生成的仲氨基继续与环氧基的反应、UBMI的均聚反应等,采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法可计算得该体系的表观活化能(Ea)和频率因子(A),并且确定了该体系的固化条件是"160℃处理2 h→200℃处理4 h→270℃处理4 h";EP经UBMI改性后,树脂固化物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)略有降低,而热稳定性基本未受影响。     

EP/POSS/SiO2纳米复合材料性能研究

以自制的两种不同黏度的环氧基倍半硅氧烷(POSS)为改性剂,对双酚A型环氧树脂(EP)/4,4’–二氨基二苯砜(DDS)进行改性,制备EP/POSS杂化材料。再以纳米SiO2为填料制备了EP/POSS/SiO2纳米复合材料。结果表明,与EP相比,杂化材料和纳米复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量都有所提高,其中纳米复合材料(分别添加低黏度和高黏度的POSS)的弯曲弹性模量分别提高了15.03%和9.44%,添加高黏度的POSS和纳米SiO2后其杂化材料和纳米复合材料体系的弯曲强度均有所提高,杂化材料和纳米复合材料的最大分解温度和在高温时的热残留量都有所提高。     

环氧树脂/超支化聚合物修饰碳纳米管复合材料的固化反应动力学研究

采用非等温差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究纯环氧树脂（EP）、环氧树脂/碳纳米管复合材料（EP/MWCNTs）、环氧树脂/超支化聚酯修饰碳纳米管复合材料（EP/MWCNTs-H204）和环氧树脂/超支化聚酰胺修饰碳纳米管复合材料（EP/MWCNTs-N103）4种体系的固化动力学。基于Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算了各体系反应的活化能。结果表明：经过超支化聚合物修饰的EP/MWCNTs-H204和EP/MWCNTs-N103体系比未经修饰的其余两个体系，具有较低的表观活化能，说明超支化聚合物的引入对环氧树脂复合材料的固化反应具有显著的促进作用。采用Málek方法得出自动催化模型（Sesták-Berggren），利用Sesták-Berggren对各体系进行理论计算，提出了描述固化过程的动力学参数和方程式。理论计算结果与实验结果进行对比相似度较高，说明Sesták-Berggren模型可以很好地描述4种不同环氧树脂体系的固化动力学行为。     

玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能研究

本文以环氧树脂为基体,经改性过的短切玻璃纤维为增强材料,制备了玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂(GF/EP)复合材料。探究了玻璃纤维与环氧树脂配比、固化条件对GF/EP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:当玻纤用量为20%、固化温度为120℃、固化时间为3.0 h时制备的GF/EP复合材料拉伸强度约为38.52 MPa、冲击强度约为6.46k J/m2;GF/EP复合材料经60℃、5%的食盐水浸泡48 h后力学性能下降,SEM显示纤维与树脂的粘结界面经腐蚀后被破坏。     

EP/BMI树脂基碳纤维复合材料的制备与性能表征

以环氧树脂(EP)、双马来酰亚胺(BMI)、4,4’-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)和短切碳纤维(SCF)等为主要原料制备了EP/BMI/DDS/SCF复合材料,并研究了SCF添加量对复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,当SCF添加量为0.25 %(质量分数,下同)时,EP/BMI/DDS/SCF复合材料的力学性能提高最大,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度比未添加SCF时的EP/BMI/DDS复合材料分别提高了48.52 %、32.15 %、25.77 %以及150.91 %;此外,SCF的加入有助于提高复合材料的热性能。     

炭黑对酸酐固化环氧体系的反应及性能影响

利用填充混合法制备了环氧树脂（EP）／炭黑（CB）复合材料，研究了CB对体系反应及性能的影响。使用扫描电镜对拉伸断口形貌进行了观察；利用透射电镜观察了CB在EP中的分散状态。结果表明：CB的加入使体系固化时的最高放热温度从179℃降到169℃，凝胶化时间变短；适量CB的引入提高了材料的拉仲强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度，CB用量在2％时材料的综合力学性能最佳；随着CB用量的增加，复合材料的玻璃化温度也随之提高。     

三乙烯四胺固化有机蒙脱土/环氧树脂复合体系的研究

以三乙烯四胺作为EP(环氧树脂)的常温固化剂制备EP/OMMT(有机蒙脱土)/三乙烯四胺纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)法,差示扫描量热(DSC)法等手段研究了不同配方对EP/OMMT/三乙烯四胺固化体系的凝胶时间、力学性能、热性能及OMMT的插层剥离行为等影响。结果表明:对EP/OMMT/三乙烯四胺复合材料而言,90~120℃固化体系的OMMT剥离与插层效果优于室温固化体系;当固化温度为120℃时,EP/OMMT/三乙烯四胺复合材料的耐湿热性能和弯曲强度均优于常温固化体系;EP/OMMT/三乙烯四胺复合材料经常温固化24 h后,其冲击强度比纯EP体系提高了7%~12%。     

改性EP/S–GF单向复合材料缠绕成型工艺及性能

以4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、苯酚和甲醛为原料合成二胺型苯并恶嗪(MDA–BOZ),并用其改性环氧树脂(EP)。采用湿法缠绕成型方法制备单向高强玻璃纤维(S–GF)增强改性EP基复合材料。用T–β外推法和凝胶化时间法确定了复合材料的成型工艺,并测试了其在室温和高温下的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、层间剪切强度等力学性能。与EP/4,4’–二氨基二苯砜(DDS)/S–GF复合材料相比,EP/MDA–BOZ/DDS/S–GF复合材料综合力学性能有较大提高。EP/MDA–BOZ/DDS/S–GF复合材料室温弯曲强度达1 428.3 MPa,层间剪切强度达79.92 MPa,纵向拉伸强度1 134.1 MPa,拉伸弹性模量为40.15 GPa。复合材料在100℃时,弯曲强度保持率为78.95%,层间剪切强度保持率为81.06%。扫描电子显微镜分析发现,改性树脂与玻璃纤维界面粘结性较好。     

纳米氧化铝/环氧树脂/二氨基二苯砜复合体系性能研究

对纳米氧化铝(nano-Al2O3)/环氧树脂(EP)/二氨基二苯砜(DDS)体系的性能进行了研究,考察了nano-Al2O3用量及制备工艺对复合材料力学性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了nano-Al2O3/EP/DDS复合材料的断面形貌。结果表明:当w(nano-Al2O3)=5份时,复合材料的力学性能相对最高;经偶联剂和超声波分散处理后制取的nano-Al2O3/EP/DDS复合材料,其力学性能最好,高温剪切强度提高了4.01MPa,弯曲强度提高了7.63MPa,弯曲挠度提高了0.65mm,拉伸强度提高了9.30MPa,断裂伸长率提高了2.04%;SEM分析结果表明,一定量的nano-Al2O3可以明显提高EP的韧性。     

聚砜树脂功能化二硫化钼纳米片及其环氧胶粘剂的制备与动力学研究

首先采用超声、机械搅拌等方式制备PSF表面功能化Mo S₂纳米片（PSF-Mo S₂）。再将制备的PSF-Mo S₂/CE悬浮液与环氧树脂（EP）均匀混合,组成PSF-Mo S₂/CE/EP纳米复合胶粘剂体系。采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）对该体系固化动力学进行了研究,测试了不同升温速率下（5K/min,10K/min,15K/min,20K/min）的DSC曲线。通过比较分析,确定该体系的特征固化温度为150℃/1h+235℃/3h+245℃/1h;采用Kissinger法、Crane法、Arrhenius法对DSC曲线进行计算,确定了胶粘剂固化反应的表观活化能E和指前因子lnA分别为82.18k J/mol和17.53s^-1,体系的反应级数为0.9029,高温160℃以上对固化反应速率常数k影响显著,固化反应机理函数为：f（α）=dα/dt=4.10×10⁷exp（-9884.06/T）(1-α)^0.9029。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。