非线性学相空间重构中小波变换方法研究

通过研究有限离散二进小波变换与非线性动力学相空间重构的关系,从相空间重构的角度解释小波变换处理混时序的合理性,指出混沌时序的离散小波变换实质上相当地在混沌时序重构的相空间中,混沌吸收子向离散滤波器向量投影的结果,在一定程度内混沌的特性不变。在滤波器向量所张开的平面上可以观察到混沌吸引子的投影;讨论了嵌入维数、时间延迟等与离散二进小波变换尺度间的联系。     

非线性动力学相空间重构中小波变换方法研究

通过研究有限离散二进小波变换与非线性动力学相空间重构的关系,从相空间重构的角度解释小波变换处理混沌时序的合理性,指出混沌时序的离散小波变换实质上相当于在混沌时序重构的相空间中,混沌吸引子向离散滤波器向量投影的结果。在一定程度内混沌的特性不变。在滤波器向量所张开的平面上可以观察到混沌吸引子的投影：讨论了嵌入维数、时间延迟等与离散二进小波变换尺度间的联系。     

基于有限角和计算机层析成像相结合的板状构件成像方法

计算机层析(computed laminography,CL)成像采用射线沿板状构件长宽表面倾斜入射的扫描方式,在厚度方向上获取不同断层的投影数据,然后利用此投影数据来重建构件断层图像.但在CL成像中,当倾斜角较大时,投影路径相对较长,对于板状构件中衰减系数大的部分,其投影数据存在一定的缺失.故针对板状构件的无损检测,提出了一种基于有限角和CL成像相结合的扫描方法,利用有限角扫描和CL成像分别采集投影数据,再进行数据融合,通过基于全变差最小化的迭代重建算法重构出扫描区域板状构件的断层图像.仿真实验结果表明,和传统的CL成像方式相比,该方法可以得到更好的图像重建效果.     

投影幅数和采样间隔对 CT 重建能力的影响

目的 探讨投影幅数和采样间隔对CT重建能力的影响程度，为图像重建时选择参数提供依据。方法 通过计算机仿真测定参数值不同时CT重建图像的能力。结果 CT的图像重建能力与投影幅数和采样间隔的大小密切相关。结论 通过增大抽影幅数或减小采样间隔可以提高CT的图像重建能力。     

一种基于投影层析方法的水下目标成像方法

投影层析是一种在几何上基于多角度投影实现目标与情景的像重构方法。水下散射目标具有数量众多、散射特性复杂的特点,为了有效探测到感兴趣的目标,需要重构出目标及所在情景高可靠分辨的像。因此,该文从逆问题求解的角度出发,分析了实现投影层析方法的物理条件及数学原理;并提出了一种水下目标投影层析成像的可行性方法及实现流程;通过在不同的扫描角度范围下的仿真进一步验证了投影层析方法对指定区域反射性目标探测的可行性。     

基于啁啾脉冲的反射层析激光雷达成像

反射层析激光雷达成像具有系统简单及对湍流不敏感的优势,但普通脉冲发射信号难以兼顾远距离和高精度探测的要求.基于上述情况,本文提出了一种基于啁啾脉冲信号的反射层析激光雷达成像处理方法.该方法首先对啁啾脉冲回波进行相干压缩处理,通过对处理后信号的包络提取得到目标在各方向的反射层析投影数据,最后利用卷积反投影算法实现高分辨力的图像重构.仿真结果表明,在同一投影角度,利用该方法得到的包络与目标反射率投影相一致;在投影角度范围大于60°时能够得到目标的轮廓信息,角度范围越大,成像越精确.研究结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

直线空间角计算机辅助求解方法的研究

经空间关系分析,将三维空间角度的多种表达形式归纳为已知两方向角求一投影角,已知两投影角求一方向角,已知一方向角、一投影角求一方向角或一投影角三大类。根据画法几何原理,建立空间角计算的数学模型,并将 Visual LISP 与 Visual Basic 相结合开发空间角计算与显示系统,从而实现了空间角的计算机辅助求解,其特点是能精确、迅速和方便地解决复杂的空间角度计算问题。     

冠状动脉树三维重建理论模型的研究

冠状动脉树的三维信息对于心血管疾病的评价和诊断具有十分重要的意义，研究了基于两幅冠脉造影图像重建三维冠状动脉树的理论模型，首先根据透视投影原理建立一个双平面冠脉造影系统的投影模型．并分析两幅不同角度的造影图像之间的几何变换关系。然后提出一种新型的深度求解方法．最后给出冠状动脉树模型的三维重建结果。     

彩色伪随机编码闪光投影系统的建模及其标定

为实现仅用一幅图象在真正的三维欧氏空间重构三维场景,尤其是动态的三维场景,系统需要对彩色伪随机编码闪光投影系统进行建模和预标定。当系统参数改变后,利用伪随机编码图案的几何约束,不需重新标定,可实现自适应重构三维场景。通过对投影仪像质的的无畸变性分析,用线性模型对投影仪成像过程进行建模,并提出一种高精度的投影系统直接标定方法,通过测出靶标上各投影编码特征点在空间的三维齐次坐标,求出内外参数实现了对投影仪的预标定。标定精度达到0.1单元格,欧氏重构结果较为理想。     

惯导系统动态校准数据估计算法

惯导系统的动态校准是在不同频率的正弦角振动信号的激励下,通过与标准测试台的幅频和相频特性进行对比来实现的.当惯导系统输出的角速度量值是有限长的数字序列时,要得到它的幅频和相频特性,就需要对数字序列进行估计.本文介绍了两种估计算法——直接法和四参数估计法,适用于均匀采样和非均匀采样两种情况,并且通过仿真实验给出了算法选择的建议.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...