Triton X-100反相微乳液体系制备纳米粒子的研究进展

介绍了Triton X-100反相微乳液体系的形成机理、特性和制备纳米粒子的原理,总结了采用Triton X-100体系制备纳米粒子的影响因素。综述了近年来国内外用该微乳液系统制备纳米粒子的新进展,提出了该体系制备纳米颗粒存在的问题。     

Triton X-100在单菌落PCR技术中的优化作用

在利用单菌落PCR法直接筛选含有外源基因的重组质粒以及发生同源重组的重组子时,通过0.1%TritonX-100处理模板对PCR技术进行优化。以大肠杆菌DH5α、单核细胞增生李斯特菌的重组克隆为例,单菌落经Triton X-100处理后再进行PCR,琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱的条带更清晰、杂带减少;克隆鉴定的阳性率明显提高,且在15μL的PCR反应混合液体系中的扩增效果更明显。对单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检测方法可以推广适用于多种革兰氏阳性菌。     

Interaction of triton X-100 on silica: A relationship between surface characteristics and adsorption isotherms

Adsorption of Triton X-100 on various silica substrates has been investigated. A number of solids, including a natural quartz, this quartz washed with HCl acid and subsequently heated at 1273 K; two aerosils and one Kieselgel silicas were studied. These solids exhibit surface areas in the range of 5 to 430 m² g^?1. All the Triton adsorption isotherms display an S-shape at the adsorption temperatures studied (298 and 308 K). It has been found that the pretreatments of natural quartz (by water washing, impurities removed by acid and/or high temperature calcination) affect considerably the amounts of TX-100 adsorbed. Measurements of surface composition have been made by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with particular emphasis on the presence of impurities and on the number of OH groups at the surface of the samples. The nature of the surface hydroxyl has also been studied by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the specific number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the silica samples has been determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Finally an attempt to correlate solid surface characteristics with adsorption isotherms has been developed.     

Electroanalytical determination of TBHQ, a synthetic antioxidant, in soybean biodiesel samples

This paper reports an electroanalytical method developed for tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) determination in biodiesel in the presence of surfactant Triton X-100 (T-100). T-100 was shown to improve the electroanalytical signal and its use was decisive for direct analysis of TBHQ in biodiesel, only requiring previous dilution of biodiesel samples in methanol. Several parameters were studied and optimized for the development of this methodology. Under optimal conditions, oxidation peak current was proportional to TBHQ concentration in the range of 1.05-10.10 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹, with limits of detection and quantification of 3.43 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ and 1.14 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹, respectively, by square wave voltammetry (SWV). The results achieved with the proposed method were satisfactory, relative to those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).     

Reconstitution of Membrane Proteins into Model Membranes: Seeking Better Ways to Retain Protein Activities

The function of any given biological membrane is determined largely by the specific set of integral membrane proteins embedded in it, and the peripheral membrane proteins attached to the membrane surface. The activity of these proteins, in turn, can be modulated by the phospholipid composition of the membrane. The reconstitution of membrane proteins into a model membrane allows investigation of individual features and activities of a given cell membrane component. However, the activity of membrane proteins is often difficult to sustain following reconstitution, since the composition of the model phospholipid bilayer differs from that of the native cell membrane. This review will discuss the reconstitution of membrane protein activities in four different types of model membrane—monolayers, supported lipid bilayers, liposomes and nanodiscs, comparing their advantages in membrane protein reconstitution. Variation in the surrounding model environments for these four different types of membrane layer can affect the three-dimensional structure of reconstituted proteins and may possibly lead to loss of the proteins activity. We also discuss examples where the same membrane proteins have been successfully reconstituted into two or more model membrane systems with comparison of the observed activity in each system. Understanding of the behavioral changes for proteins in model membrane systems after membrane reconstitution is often a prerequisite to protein research. It is essential to find better solutions for retaining membrane protein activities for measurement and characterization in vitro.     

Cholesterol biosensor based on electrochemically prepared polyaniline conducting polymer film in presence of a nonionic surfactant

Cholesterol biosensor has been fabricated by covalently coupling cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) via glutaraldehyde onto electrochemically prepared polyaniline film in presence of TritonX-100 [4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl polyethylene glycol], a non-ionic surfactant onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate. These ChOx/PANI-TX-100/ITO bioelectrodes have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results of response measurements carried out on ChOx/PANI-TX-100/ITO bioelectrodes using amperometric and photometric techniques, reveal detection limit as 5 mg/dl, linearity from 5 to 400 mg/dl of cholesterol and sensitivity as 131 μA/(mg/dl cm⁻²). These biosensing electrodes are thermally stable up to 65 °C, can be used about 20 times and have a shelf-life of about 10 weeks when stored at 4 °C. Attempts have also been made to utilize the ChOx/PANI-TX-100/ITO bioelectrodes for estimation of free cholesterol concentration in serum samples.     

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Surfactant-Enhanced Chlorinated-Polypropylene Heterogeneous Anion Exchange Membrane

A novel heterogeneous anion exchange membrane containing a non-ionic surfactant as an additive was made via dry and wet phase inversion. The effects of the drying time at different additive ratios on properties of membranes were investigated. The selectivity and the fixed ion concentration were increased by increasing the drying time, while conductivity, water uptake, and the ion exchange capacity were lower. Incorporation of an appropriate amount of additive had a positive effect on the membrane properties. The most selective membrane with remarkable nitrate/ chloride selectivity of 3.1 was obtained at an “additive/ total solid” ratio of 0.03 and 24 h drying time.     

Electrochemical properties of supercapacitors operating in aqueous electrolyte with surfactants

Effect of surfactants present in alkaline and acidic solutions on the capacitance of carbon electrodes has been studied. Three various types of surfactants, i.e. sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) and non-ionic such as polymer of polyethylene glycol and p-t-octylophenol (Triton X-100) have been selected for this target. Concentration of these electrolyte additives was 0.005 mol L⁻¹. Decreasing the surface tension in the electrode/electrolyte interface allows better penetration of electrolyte into the pores. However, surfactants played a different role depending on the electrode polarity. Detailed analysis of capacitance versus current load, frequency dependence as well as self-discharge and cyclability proved especially a profitable effect of Triton X-100 on capacitor operating in alkaline solution.     

Effects of Triton X-100 and Acyclovir on Human Serum Albumin Structure

The effects of acyclovir and Triton X-100 on the behavior of human serum albumin (HSA) in a acyclovir/HSA/H₂O system were studied by UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and polarization, conductivity, zeta potential, and circular dichroism. Both acyclovir and Triton X-100 affect the structure and behavior of HSA. The intrinsic fluorescence intensity, net charge of HSA and the conductivity of the system increase initially with increased acyclovir concentration, and the zeta potential of HSA decreases initially. The effects of Triton X-100 are similar to those of acyclovir except for the non-radiant energy transfer in the quenching process of Triton X-100 to HSA. The associating site of HSA with acyclovir is the same as that of HSA with Triton X-100.

异丙酚与支撑双层类脂膜作用的电化学研究

以支撑双层类脂膜(s-BLM)作为生物膜模型,采用循环伏安法和交流阻抗技术研究了异丙酚与双层类脂膜的相互作用.结果表明,异丙酚能降低磷脂分子的有序性, 诱发s-BLM 上形成孔洞或缺陷, 且这种相互作用对作用时间、异丙酚浓度以及胆固醇的存在与否具有依赖性.     

在TritonX－100存在下用2－QADN2，7示波极谱法测定痕量铜

合成了１－（２－喹啉偶氮）－２，７－二羟萘，研究了本试剂与铜络合物的极谱特性。在ｐＨ９．６０的缓冲溶液中，当有０．００２５％ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００存在时，Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）－２－ＱＡＤＮ２，７络合物在－０．４１Ｖ产生一灵敏示波极谱波，用此波检测痕量铜的下限为１．０×１０－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蜂蜜中的锌

研究了在火焰原子吸收光谱法中辛基酚聚氧乙烯（９） 醚（Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－ １００） 对锌的增感作用。在仪器工作达最佳条件及合适的酸存在下,１００ 的Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－ １００ 可使锌的吸光度增感１６ ．３ ％ ,且能消除多种共存金属元素的干扰,可以准确测定蜂蜜中锌的质量分数。     

Kinetics and mechanism of adsorption of triton x-100 on a reservoir sand

Adsorption of Triton X-100 on a reservoir sand (characterised by chemical analysis and i.r. spectra to be silica) has been studied under field conditions. The adsorption behaviour is best characterised by Freundlich and Temkin adsorption models. The kinetics of adsorption is found to be very much dependent on temperature and the rate of adsorption shows an anti-Arrhenius temperature dependence. The adsorption is proposed to proceed through Si—CH₃ bond formation. Addition of common inorganic salts is found to cause maxima and minima in the adsorption isotherm and to change the shape of the isotherm.     

TritonX-100共振能量转移荧光猝灭法测定尿中α-萘酚

研究了α-萘酚与TritonX．100之间的共振能量转移的最佳条件,建立了TritonX-100共振能量转移荧光猝灭法测定α-萘酚的新方法。在pH7．5的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,在300．8nm,TritonX-100的荧光猝灭强度与α-萘酚浓度成正比,工作曲线的线性范围为0．36～1．80μg/L,方法的检出限为0．12ng／mL,RSD为0．7％-1．1％,平均加标回收率为100．9％（n=6）。该方法已用于尿样测定,结果满意。     

Propagation of a nonionic surfactant in radial sandstone cores

The dynamic adsorption of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100®, on Berea sandstone with radial flow under a variety of injection rates, salinities and pH is examined. Mathematical modelling of the experimental data shows that the most consistent results are obtained using a kinetic hemimicelle model. The aggregation number (hemimicelle size) is independent of flow rate and salinity, but increases with increasing pH. In all cases, the aggregation number is lower under dynamic conditions than under static conditions, which is attributed to the shear force at the surface. The rate constants for adsorption increase with increasing flow rate, which is attributed to a decrease in mass transfer resistance.     

微波辅助胶团提取甘草中的甘草酸和甘草甙

The feasibility of emploving non-ionic surfactant （Triton X-100） as an alternative and effective solventfor the microwave-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid （GA） and liquiritin （LQ） from licorice root was studied.The optimal extraction parameters based on the microwave-assisted micellar extraction technique were determined.Under the optimal conditions, i.e. 5% （by volume） Triton X-100, microwave-assisted extraction for 3--5min at 373K, the percentage extraction of active ingredients reached the highest value. The preconcentration tactor for GA and L＇Q （about 13.5） and the extraction efficiency for these two ingredients approached 100% showed the coupling of microwave-assisted extraction and cloud-point extraction could be employed as a new and. effective techniquefor the rapid extraction and preconcentration of pharrnacologically active ingredients from medicinal plants SUCh aslicorice root without disturbing chromatographic analysis.     

非离子胶束对竹红菌乙素及其溴代物基态和激发态的保护作用

本文用Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ－Ｘ－１００非离子型胶束增溶生红菌乙素及其两种溴代物，发现该胶束对ＨＢ的基态和激发态都有保护作用；（１）ＨＢ基态的ρＫａ升高；（２）荧光量子产率增大。这使其光敏反应产生的活性中间体＾１Ｏ２和．ＯＨ的产额增加，从而增强了其光敏活性。     

Apparent electrocatalysis on 3D nanoporous platinum film electroplated from hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystalline phase of Triton X-100

Electrocatalytic effect of nanoporous interface between platinum (Pt) and electrolyte was investigated in terms of direct electrochemical oxidation of glucose. A Pt film with 3D nanopores was electroplated from the hexagonal (H₁) lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) phase of t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-100), a nonionic surfactant with a phenyl group in a hydrophobic tail. This Pt film, which was electroplated from H₁-LLC of Triton X-100 (ePt-H₁-TX100), comprised closely stacked crystalline (face centered cubic) nanoparticles (diameter, 4-7 nm) with 3D nanopores (width, 1-2 nm) developed among the particles. The ePt-H₁-TX100 showed high surface roughness and selective enhancement of a sluggish redox reaction, that is, kinetic-controlled reaction such as glucose oxidation. Nonenzymatic glucose sensing can be achieved by using discriminatively enhanced sensitivity to glucose over redox active interfering molecules.