原花青素微胶囊化工艺的研究

为扩大原花青素在食品工业中的应用,以原花青素为心材,对其微胶囊化工艺进行了研究。通过单因素实验确定微胶囊化工艺的最佳壁材组合为：乙基纤维素、阿拉伯胶、麦芽糊精;原花青素占复合壁材的最佳质量百分数为15％;乳化剂占原花青素的质量百分数为0．6％。通过混料实验确定复合壁材的最佳配比为：乙基纤维素25％,阿拉伯胶33．33％,麦芽糊精41．67％,包埋率可达88．1％。原花青素微胶囊在正己烷中的溶解度为87．1mg／g,而未包埋的原花青素溶解度仅为43．5mg/g。     

原花青素微胶囊释放动力学的研究

研究了原花青素微胶囊释放动力学及释放机制.测定了原花青素微胶囊在不同介质中的释放曲线,并用3种模型方程-零级动力学方程、一级动力学方程、Higuchi模型方程对原花青素微胶囊在正己烷与无水乙醇中的释放曲线进行线性拟合.结果表明,原花青素微胶囊在正己烷与无水乙醇中的释放动力学拟合结果的优劣顺序均为:Higuchi模型方程、一级动力学方程、零级动力学方程.原花青素微胶囊在正己烷与无水乙醇中的释放遵从Higuchi模型方程,为骨架扩散机制.     

抗人纤维蛋白原及其降解产物单克隆抗体的研制

本文报道用人纤维蛋白原免疫BALB/C小鼠,取免疫脾细胞与NS_1骨髓瘤细胞融合,获得5株稳定分泌抗人纤维蛋白原单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株。经双向免疫扩散、免疫电泳、斑点免疫测定、蛋白印迹法及ELISA对单抗表位特异性的分析。确定了DN_(17)、DN_(18)、DN_(19)、DN_(20)和DN_(42) 5个单抗具有抗人纤维蛋白原的特异性,其中DN_(17)和DN_(18)有抗碎片D的特异性,但两者更精细的表位特异性不同,DN_(20)有抗碎片E的特异性,5个单抗均为IgG_1。     

不同浓度抗菌素对血浆纤维蛋白原的影响

目的研究4种常用抗菌素的浓度对血浆纤维蛋白原的影响。方法采用凝固法,以加入抗菌素后血浆中纤维蛋白原的凝固时间为指标,观察不同浓度的头孢哌酮钠、氯霉素、乳酸环丙沙星和硫酸庆大霉素对血浆纤维蛋白原的影响。结果随着氯霉素、硫酸庆大霉素和乳酸环丙沙星浓度的降低,血浆中纤维蛋白原的凝固时间延长;而随着头孢哌酮钠浓度的降低,凝固时间反而缩短。随着氯霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、乳酸环丙沙星浓度降低,血浆中纤维蛋白检出率升高;随着头孢哌酮钠浓度降低,血浆中纤维蛋白原检出率亦降低。结论头孢哌酮钠、氯霉素、乳酸环丙沙星、硫酸庆大霉素等抗菌素及其浓度变化对血浆中纤维蛋白原的凝固时间和检出率有显著影响。     

咪唑类离子液体微胶囊的CO_2吸附和扩散行为

采用高速剪切法,制备微胶囊型固载咪唑类离子液体,研究离子液体微胶囊的微观结构、CO_2吸附量、CO_2/N2选择性、稳定性以及CO_2的扩散行为。结果表明,制备的离子液体微胶囊结构完整,且微观结构的完整性和粒径是影响CO_2吸附量的主要因素。在0. 1 MPa和298 K下,气相硅胶含量24%、离子液体58. 46%、水含量8. 77%、乙二醇含量8. 77%的样品BCE24-11,其CO_2吸附量为3. 41%,达吸附平衡仅30 min,CO_2/N2选择性为17. 05,稳定性和循环使用性较好;与纯离子液体的扩散系数值(10-11m2/s)相比较,微胶囊型结构的固载离子液体具有更快的CO_2的扩散速率。     

咪唑类离子液体微胶囊的CO_2吸附和扩散行为

采用高速剪切法,制备微胶囊型固载咪唑类离子液体,研究离子液体微胶囊的微观结构、CO_2吸附量、CO_2/N2选择性、稳定性以及CO_2的扩散行为。结果表明,制备的离子液体微胶囊结构完整,且微观结构的完整性和粒径是影响CO_2吸附量的主要因素。在0. 1 MPa和298 K下,气相硅胶含量24%、离子液体58. 46%、水含量8. 77%、乙二醇含量8. 77%的样品BCE24-11,其CO_2吸附量为3. 41%,达吸附平衡仅30 min,CO_2/N2选择性为17. 05,稳定性和循环使用性较好;与纯离子液体的扩散系数值(10-11m2/s)相比较,微胶囊型结构的固载离子液体具有更快的CO_2的扩散速率。     

纤维蛋白原制剂灭活病毒工艺的初步研究

在纤维蛋白原(简称纤原)常规生产工艺中增加“有机溶剂/表面活性剂(S/D)”灭活病毒步骤·TNBP及Tween-80浓度分别为0.3％及1％,在24℃处理6小时,能有效灭活标志病毒VSV(7.31g_(10))及Sindbis V(6.831g_(10))。残余的TNBP及Tween-80可通过两次8％乙醇沉淀去除。病毒灭活后纤原的可凝固蛋白纯度由原来的70.9±8.5％提高至85.5±6.0％,回收率可保持在64.7±3.8％。PAGE电泳显示来出现新的蛋白区带。     

降纤酶治疗纤维蛋白原增高的短暂性脑缺血发作临床观察

目的探讨降纤酶治疗伴有纤维蛋白原增高的短暂性脑缺血发作患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法随机选择在我院神经内科住院经确诊的短暂性脑缺血发作56例,男性35例、女性21例,年龄51～87岁(平均65岁),分为降纤酶治疗组35例,尼膜地平对照组21例。结果降纤酶对短暂性脑缺血发作患者的疗效好,起效时间快,显著优于尼膜地平(P<0.01)。结论降纤酶治疗纤维蛋白原增高的短暂性脑缺血发作患者疗效确切,且无明显不良反应。     

气相色谱法测定牛纤维蛋白原中磷酸三丁酯残留量

目的建立检测牛纤维蛋白原中磷酸三丁酯残留量的方法,并进行验证。方法采用气相色谱法。色谱条件:色谱柱为酸修饰交联聚乙二醇毛细管色谱柱-20M(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),溶剂为正己烷,气化室190℃,检测器210℃,柱温140℃,高纯氮气载气(99.999%),流速1.0 ml/min,不分流,进样量0.1μl。确定磷酸三丁酯的定量限和最低检测限,对方法进行精密性、线性及准确性验证,并用该方法检测3批样品。结果磷酸三丁酯的定量限和最低检测限分别为0.830 6和0.207 6 ng;精密性相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为2.138 6%,磷酸三丁酯的线性范围为2.129 0~17.032 0μg/ml,回归方程y=5.317 7 x+1.096 1,R2=0.997 3,低、中、高3个剂量样品的平均回收率分别为100.596 9%、98.597 5%和99.712 5%,RSD分别为0.641 2%、0.553 7%和1.009 5%。3批样品中磷酸三丁酯残留量分别为3.259 6、3.287 9、3.193 3μg/ml。结论该方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于血液制品中磷酸三丁酯残留量的质量控制。     

复合离子缓凝剂在水泥颗粒表面的吸附行为

采用水溶液聚合法制备了复合离子缓凝剂(IAD),借助红外光谱及元素分析表征了IAD的分子结构.采用化学需氧量(COD)法,研究了不同温度,不同浓度下的IAD在水泥颗粒表面的吸附动力学及吸附热力学.动力学研究结果表明:饱和吸附量随温度升高而增大,吸附动力学过程符合Lagergren吸附速率方程,由Arrhenius方程,得到Ea=7.75 kJ/mol.吸附热力学研究结果表明,吸附热力学符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,当温度升高,吸附平衡常数减小,求得热力学参数△H=-11.48 kJ/mol,AS=89.05 J/(mol·K),AG＜0,吸附为放热自发过程.     

多孔树脂及碳纳米管对环丙沙星的吸附行为与机理

以环丙沙星为研究对象,研究了多孔树脂(超高交联树脂MN-202,氨基修饰树脂MN-150,大孔树脂XAD-4)和多壁羧基碳纳米管C-MWCNT对环丙沙星的吸附行为和机理。结果表明:吸附剂的吸附量随溶液pH值的升高呈先增加后减小的变化趋势。3种树脂的吸附能力随溶液离子强度的增强而提高,而碳纳米管则呈相反趋势,这是因为疏水作用和静电引力对两类吸附剂的贡献不同。环丙沙星在4种吸附剂上的吸附动力学都符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。升高温度可以增强MN-202和MN-150的吸附能力,可能是微孔填充受温度影响;温度对XAD-4吸附能力的负相关作用是由于疏水作用,是主要吸附机理。对于C-MWCNT,温度对它的影响很小,这是由于疏水作用、静电作用、π-π键和氢键的共同作用。     

Adsorption of Rhodamine B onto O-Carboxymethylchitosan-N-Lauryl

The adsorption of a cationic dye (rhodamine B; RB) on O-carboximethyl-N-acetylated (L-CMCh) in aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of the process parameters such as the contact time, pH, and temperature are reported. Both temperature and pH influence dye adsorption. To determine the adsorption capacity, the equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. The results showed better agreement with the Langmuir-Freundlich model than the other models. The maximum adsorption capacity of RB for L-CMCh was determined as 38.5 mg g^?1 at pH 8.5 and 25°C. The kinetic results follow a pseudo-second-order rate equation. The activation energy value for adsorption of RB on L-CMCh was found to be 52.0 kJ mol^?1. The negative values of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy show the adsorption to be spontaneous and exothermic. The negative value of the enthalpy for adsorption of RB onto L-CMCh shows the adsorption to be exothermic.     

Adsorption of bovine serum albumin onto glass powder surfaces coated with polyvinyl alcohol

The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was carried out onto polyvinyl alcohol–coated glass powder surfaces. The adsorbed amount was about four times more than that on uncoated glass. The kinetics of the adsorption process was followed colorimetrically, and kinetic parameters, such as adsorption coefficient, rate constants for adsorption and desorption, diffusion constant, and penetration rate constant, were evaluated. The effects of experimental conditions, such as pH, presence of salts, addition of aliphatic alcohols, and variation in the dielectric constant of the medium, on the amount of adsorbed BSA were investigated. The effect of temperature on adsorption was also studied, and several thermodynamic parameters, such as standard free energy change (ΔG°), heat of reaction (ΔH°), and entropy change (ΔS°), were evaluated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 933–940, 2000     

Interfacial Modeling of Fibrinogen Adsorption onto LiNbO3 Single Crystal–Single Domain Surfaces

For the development of next-generation protein-based biosensor surfaces, it is important to understand how functional proteins, such as fibrinogen (FBG), interact with polar substrate surfaces in order to prepare highly sensitive points of medical care diagnostics. FBG, which is a fibrous protein with an extracellular matrix, has both positively and negatively charged regions on its 3-dimensional surface, which makes interpreting how it effectively binds to polarized surfaces challenging. In this study, single-crystal LiNbO₃ (LNO) substrates that have surface charges were used to investigate the adsorption of FBG protruding polar fragments on the positively and negatively charged LNO surfaces. We performed a combination of experiments and multi-scale molecular modeling to understand the binding of FBG in vacuum and water-solvated surfaces of LNO. XPS measurements showed that the FBG adsorption on LNO increased with increment in solution concentration on surfaces independent of charges. Multi-scale molecular modeling employing Quantum Mechanics, Monte Carlo, and Molecular Mechanics addressed the phenomenon of FBG fragment bonding on LNO surfaces. The binding simulation validated the experimental observation using zeta potential measurements which showed presence of solvated medium influenced the adsorption phenomenon due to the negative surface potential.     

Adsorption of fibrinogen onto macroporous,biocompatible sponges based on poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

Hydrophilic, spongy matrices of poly (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were synthesized by a redox polymerization method, and the adsorption of fibrinogen was carried out on their surfaces. The prepared sponges were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and environmental scanning electron microscopy and were assayed for their water‐sorption potential. The chemical architecture of the sponges had a pronounced impact on both the water sorption and the protein adsorption affinity of the sponge surface. The adsorption kinetics were investigated, and kinetic parameters such as the rate constants for adsorption and desorption and the penetrate rate constant were evaluated. The influence of experimental conditions such as the pH and temperature were observed on the adsorption profiles of fibrinogen. The prepared sponges were also judged for in vitro blood compatibility by methods such as blood‐clot‐formation and hemolysis‐percentage tests. An attempt was also made to correlate the fibrinogen adsorption capacity of the sponge to its antithrombogenic response to static blood. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1341–1355, 2006     

阴-阳离子有机膨润土对甲基橙的吸附性能

以阴、阳离子表面活性剂--十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配改性膨润土,制备出了阴-阳离子有机膨润土;研究了甲基橙在阴-阳离子有机膨润土上的吸附行为.结果表明,阴-阳离子有机膨润土吸附染料甲基橙的速率和吸附量均较大,其吸附动力学行为遵循Langmuir方程所描述的规律.平衡吸附量qe与平衡浓度Ce之间的关系符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程.阴-阳离子有机膨润土对染料甲基橙的吸附效果要好于活性炭,可代替活性炭用于染料废水的吸附脱色处理.     

ACA液芯微胶囊制备工艺优化

采用响应面法优化工艺条件,制备具有较好机械强度的海藻酸盐-壳聚糖-海藻酸盐(ACA)液芯微胶囊。首先,通过Plackett-Burman方法对相关影响因素的效应进行评价,筛选出有显著效应的壳聚糖浓度、壳聚糖溶液pH值和柠檬酸钠溶液pH值3个因素;其次,采用最陡爬坡实验接近具有最好膜强度的中心点区域;最后由中心组合实验和响应面分析确定主要影响因子的最佳条件。在优化工艺条件下验证膜的机械强度,膨胀率-14.62%与优化结果-15.41%接近,优化结果与实际情况较好吻合。在优化条件基础上进行传质性能和细胞生长特性实验,研究结果表明ACA液芯微胶囊比ACA固芯微胶囊具有更好的传质特性,将ACA液芯微胶囊进行细胞包埋,液芯微胶囊较固芯微胶囊具有更高的细胞密度。     

Nitrogen Adsorption onto Silane-Derived Silicon Powders

Nitrogen chemisorption onto silane-derived silicon powder was studied at atmospheric pressure in N₂, using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to examine the reaction kinetics and using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the surface chemistry. Above 700°C the initial Si—H surface is transformed to an Si—N surface; the latter is characterized by a broad infrared absorption band at 830 to 840 cm⁻¹. Isothermal TGA data exhibit a sigmoidal shape which is apparently caused by simultaneous hydrogen desorption and nitrogen adsorption. By holding samples under vacuum at 900°C before nitridation the adsorption reaction was isolated. The kinetics of this reaction are well described by a simple first-order model with an activation energy of 140 kJ/mol, and with very low sticking probabilities (between 10⁻¹³ and 10⁻¹⁰).     

Adsorption of casein onto alkali treated bentonite

The adsorption measurements of casein onto alkali treated bentonite were performed at room temperature and fixed pH (11.8) with an object to study the mode of casein adsorption at the alkali treated bentonite surfaces. The adsorption isotherm was found to have a Langmuir nature. The adsorption was pH dependent and increased with a decrease in temperature. The adsorption was quite sensitive to the presence of Cl⁻, SO, and PO ions and showed many interesting variations with increasing concentrations of the added anions. Various kinetic and adsorption parameters such as the adsorption coefficient, rate constants for adsorption and desorption, diffusion constant, and penetration rate constant were calculated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1656–1663, 2000