Netzanbindung von Windkraftanlagen

Wind power stations can cause problems in power quality, especially if they are concentrated in wind parks. This can result in harmonics, flicker and voltage rise. The voltage rise should not exceed 2%. Modern wind generators with self commutated converters enable a control of the reactive power. It is sufficient to install only a few of these modern generators in a wind park to control the problem of voltage rise.     

间歇式能源发电系统无功补偿技术的研究

针对间歇式能源发电系统的特点和无功需求,提出了将无功补偿与风力并网发电相结合的设计方案,通过计算得出了间歇式能源发电系统中电缆和变压器无功损耗.本文利用Mat-lab/Simulink搭建了具有无功补偿功能的并网变流器的仿真模型,并采用有功无功解耦控制和SPWM控制方法,补偿系统所需无功以及有效抑制动态电压波动.最后,仿真结果验证了风力并网变流器在向电网提供有功功率的同时也能够提供一定容量的无功功率,提高系统功率因数,有效抑制电网电压波动.     

VSC-HVDC抑制并网PCC点电压波动浅析

大型风电场接入电网可能引起电压闪变和波动、电压暂降、电压偏差以及谐波等电能质量问题。通常对风电场进行无功补偿可以抑制系统电压波动,而轻型直流输电则可以起到无功补偿的作用,抑制并网PCC点电压波动、改善风电场的并网性能。     

Battery Energy Storage to Strengthen the Wind Generator in Integrated Power System

The wind energy generation,utilization and its grid penetration in electrical grid are increasing world-wide.The wind generated power is always fluctuating due to its time varying nature and causing stability problem.This weak interconnection of wind generating source in the electrical network affects the power quality and reliability.The localized energy storages shall compensate the fluctuating power and support to strengthen the wind generator in the power system,in this paper,it is proposed to control the voltage source inverter(VSI)in current control mode with energy storage,that is,batteries across the dc bus.The generated wind power can be extracted under varying wind speed and stored in the batteries.This energy storage maintains the stiff voltage across the dc bus of the voltage source inverter.The proposed scheme enhances the stability and reliability of the power system and maintains unity power factor,it can also be operated in stand-alone mode in the power system.The power exchange across the wind generation and the load under dynamic situation is feasible while maintaining the power quality norms at the common point of coupling.It strengthens the weak grid in the power system.This control strategy is evaluated on the test system under dynamic condition by using simulation.The results are verified by comparing the performance of controllers.     

Model of DFIG Wind Farm and Study on Its LVRT Capability

As a typical clean and renewable energy, wind power is becoming more and more widely used in electrical industry. However, its characteristics of random and intermittent have brought serious problems to the power system, such as voltage fluctuation and insufficient reactive power. Based on the K-means clustering algorithm, this paper classifies the doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) according to the operation of propeller pitch angle control. At the same time, to obtain the optimal parameter, advanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used. Then the dynamic model of DFIG under the network fault condition is built. What is more, the role that crowbar circuit plays in low voltage ride through (LVRT) is discussed. Finally, simulations in DigSILENT verify the model.     

New Fuzzy Control Strategies Applied to the DFIG Converter in Wind Generation Systems

This paper presents new fuzzy control strategies which may be applied to the converter connected to the rotor of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) composing a variable speed wind generation system connected to a real electrical grid. The fuzzy control proposed strategies are of the type supervised “look-up-table”. The performance of these intelligent controllers are compare with the fixed parameters PI controllers for fault ocurrence in the power system. The fuzzy controllers are supposed to better the transient performance of the electrical power system as compared with the conventional PI controllers. The obtained results from simulation studies have of the fuzzy controllers. To formulate the simulation studies an equivalent mathematical model of a significant number of wind turbines was implemented using the MATLABTM software packcage.     

基于DSP的无功补偿控制系统采样电路的设计

针对目前配网中电压与电流较难实时测量的问题,详细介绍了MCR的无功补偿控制系统采样电路的设计思想,设计出基于DSP采样的硬件电路,对硬件电路设计上进行了优化,对硬件的可靠性详细的分析。由于滤波以及触发信号的时间基准问题,同时也设计了相位补偿硬件电路以及过零检测硬件电路。实验结果表明采样电路、相位补偿电路和过零检测电路解决了MCR的无功补偿控制系统中电压、电流采样问题以及晶闸管触发信号的时间基准问题。     

A Dynamic LVRT Solution for Doubly Fed Induction Generators

Doubly fed induction generators have become the most common type of wind turbine generators. However, this type of generator is susceptible to grid-side low voltage and short circuits due to existence of a power electronics converter on the rotor side. When a short circuit or voltage sag happens on the grid side, the rotor current of the generator tends to rise, which could cause damage to the rotor converter. Design and implementation of a series converter on the stator side is presented in this paper to limit the current rise in the rotor. This system includes an active ac/dc inverter, three series transformers, and a dc-bus capacitor. To lower the rating of the components and make the system viable for practical solutions, an exponential decaying sinusoidal voltage, instead of a pure sinusoidal voltage, is applied by the converter during short circuit.      

基才三相四线APF的模糊直接反馈控制

为解决三相四线有源电力滤波器的非线性控制问题,时三相四线有源电力滤波器进行电路模型分析,提出采用Takagi-Sugeno模糊直接反馈控制的方法,对电源电流进行模糊直接反馈控制,快速地实现了三相四线有源电力滤波器的非线性电流补偿。采用并行分布补偿的方法设计了模糊反馈控制器,将三相四线有源电力滤波器的非线性问题线性化,在稳定性条件下求解得线性矩阵不等式,得到无功功率及非线性电流全补偿控制策略的状态反馈增益．仿真及实验结果验证了此模糊直接反馈控制的有效性。     

应用于户用储能系统的电池功率自适应下垂控制

以户用储能系统为研究对象,采用下垂控制调节电池功率,即由逆变器控制直流母线,电池的双向DC/DC控制器根据母线电压调节电池功率,该控制方法的优势在于方便实现多直流源并联。双向DC/DC变换器的电路拓扑采用交错式双向Boost变换器,并给出了下垂控制器的具体设计方法。针对系统中普遍存在的因电压采样偏差(逆变器与DC/DC变换器的电压采样是独立的,存在偏差)导致的功率控制偏差问题,提出了两种电池功率自适应控制策略:电压补偿和功率补偿,并给出了具体的实施方法。最后设计了一台5 kW样机,分别实现了两种策略,并进行了对比分析,实验结果验证了所提出策略的有效性。     

Netzrückwirkungen von windkraftanlagen

Today new wind generators of significant size are going into operation in Austria, reaching a nominal power of one MW and more. As the installation of these generators is often in regions with low population density, it is to be expected that in rural distribution networks voltage variations and flicker problems can appear because of the relatively small short circuit power. In a simulation wind power stations with directly connected induction generators are investigated and measures for limitation of network interference are compared.     

基于CAN总线的并联式多逆变器风电并网控制系统

为了实现多逆变器并联风电系统信息交互和同步控制,提出了基于CAN总线的多逆变器并联风电并网系统控制方法。建立了共直流母线并联型拓扑的等效平均模型,利用CAN总线控制各逆变器正弦参考电压的幅值以均分并网功率。采用TMS320F28335实现全数字化并联风电系统设计,并基于55kW永磁风电样机对所提方法进行性能验证。实验表明,CAN总线同步驱动方法保证了多逆变器并联系统的数据交互性和同步性。     

Control and performance of a self-commutated GTO converter operating in parallel with line-commutated thyristor converters

Recently, static var generators (SVGs) or static synchronous compensators based on self-commutated converters have been put into practical use for the purpose of compensation for reactive power, power swings damping, and/or voltage control in power systems. The SVGs have also been applied to reduce voltage fluctuations appearing at high-speed train substations. When parallel resonance occurs between passive filters installed at a point of common coupling (PCC) and the power-system impedance existing upstream of the PCC, voltage/current harmonics are significantly amplified in the power system. This paper describes the control and performance for a self-commutated gate-turn-off (GTO) converter operating in parallel with conventional line-commutated thyristor converters. This hybrid power conversion system rated at more than dozens of MVA has an inductive load at the dc side. A bank of passive filters is connected not only for harmonic compensation of the line-commutated converters, but also as a constant leading reactive-power source. The GTO converter can control either leading or lagging reactive power so as to achieve unity power factor operation. In addition, it has the capability of damping out parallel resonance between the passive filters and the power-system impedance. This paper confirms the viability and effectiveness of the hybrid system by means of theory and computer simulation.     

变速恒频双馈风力发电转子侧控制技术的研究

针对转子侧功率变化频繁和直流母线电压波动剧烈的问题,首先设计了交流励磁变速恒频双馈风力发电系统的框架结构,进而对背靠背PWM变流器的控制策略进行了研究。建立了转子侧变流器控制模型,设计了基于定子电压定向（SVO）矢量控制的变速恒频双馈风力发电系统方案,利用Matlab/Simulink构建系统模型并进行了仿真,仿真结果表明控制策略和技术的可行性,系统实现了有功功率、无功功率的解耦控制和最大风能跟踪控制。最后,构建了一台11 kW实验机组,并进行了系统稳态实验研究,验证了方案的可行性。     

基于DSP的D-STATCOM硬件实现及控制算法

针对电网无功功率实现动态无功补偿的问题,采用模块化的设计方法,设计出一种基于DSP的D-STATCOM电路。根据瞬时无功功率理论计算参考电流和补偿电流,并采用直接电流控制方法产生补偿电流。建立了整个补偿过程的数学模型,分析了D-STATCOM中电流控制算法、电压控制算法以及IGBT晶闸管通断时间控制算法。结果表明:D-STATCOM完成无功补偿,达到抑制谐波的目的。     

用于M-BUS协议的一种新型电流调制电路

M-BUS(仪表总线)通信协议是用于智能仪表、控制设备的远程通信总线标准,近几年在国内外都有相当快速的发展。本文根据仪表总线通信协议设计了一种新型电流调制电路,用于仪表总线通信网络中的从机远程供电,在不改变M-BUS总线系统容量的情况下,在不改变M-BUS总线系统硬件设备的前提下,可使得终端设备的远程供电能力由原来的小于3mA增加到18mA,为短时间终端设备的远程供电,驱动大负载设备的应用提供可能。     

基于80C196KC单片机的电力补偿装置控制系统设计

以80C196KC单片机为核心的电力补偿控制系统．通过模拟输入电路对三相电压、电流进行采样，计算后通过输出单元控制电容器的投切，从而实现对电网无功功率的补偿。本文介绍了系统硬件和软件的设计方法。     

三相电流型整流器空间矢量调制仿真研究

相对于传统的电压型PWM整流器而言,电流型PWM整流器用于电机驱动具有动态响应快,便于实现再生制动和四象限运行,限流能力强,短路保护可靠性高,能在宽范围内精确控制转矩和速度等优点,在小、中等功率得到广泛的应用。利用三相电压型整流器（VSR）的电压空间矢量调制技术（SVM）实现三相电流型整流器（CSR）的三逻辑空间矢量调制,对其数学模型进行了推导,并利用Matlab建立了系统的仿真模型。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性,实现了电流型整流器交流侧的单位功率因数和直流侧电流的平稳运行,对电力无功补偿和谐波抑制具有很好的效果。     

考虑微电网并网接入的配电网无功优化

微电网集分布式发电系统、负荷和储能于一体,提高了分布式发电系统的综合利用.微电网的并网接入对配电网的综合无功优化产生影响,因此,配电网的无功优化过程中需要考虑微电网并网接入的影响.本文在充分考虑微电网运行特性的基础上,构建考虑微电网运行特性的配电网综合无功优化,建立以系统有功网损与节点电压为目标的综合无功优化模型,把含微电网的配电网无功优化转化为一多约束的非线性混合优化数学问题,并利用粒子群算法进行求解.通过IEEE 33节点系统的仿真算法分析验证本文提出方法的有效性和正确性.     

Salp swarm algorithm for solving optimal power flow problem with thyristor-controlled series capacitor

In this paper, a salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is proposed for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problem of a power system with the incorporation of the thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC). The proposed methodology is implemented for determining the optimal setting of control variables for the OPF problem, which includes the real power of generators buses, voltages of generator buses, reactive power injected by shunt compensators, and tap changing transformer ratios. The performance of the proposed approach is validated and tested on the standard IEEE-30 bus system and single-objective functions, including transmission line losses. The severity factor has been minimized and the result obtained is compared with the existing algorithms. Simulation results achieved with the proposed SSA approach demonstrate that it results in an effective and better solution for the OPF problem.