模糊函数空间的若干注记

In 1983,E.P.Klement and D.A.Ralescu have indicated the nonlinearity of fuzzyintegral and have given the conditions of which the fuzzy integral is linear(J.FuzzySets and Systems,11(1983)309-315).In this paper,the structure on fuzzy measurablefunction space and fuzzy integrable function space are investigated.In 1980,D.A.Ralcscu and G.Adams modificd the defintions of fuzzy measure andfuzzy integral due to M.Sugeno as     

Fuzzy integral based measurement and assessment of medium and small enterprises''''product innovation

A fuzzy integral based way of measurement assessment has been established by using linguistic variables and combining fuzzy integral with hierarchy analysis for measurement of medium and small enterprises' product innovation. The conclusions drawn from analyses made with 20 medium and small enterprises provide bases for governments to formulate applicable policies and for medium and small enterprises to enhance their product innovation.     

Electrochemical properties and structure of MlNi_(5-x)Sn_x system

The electrochemical properties and structure of M1Ni5-xSnx(x=0-0.5) hydrogen storage alloys were investigated by pressure-composition isotherms, electrochemical measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic parameters. With a small amount of tin substitution, the cycle life increases by 52% (0.5C) and 42% (1.0C), but maximum discharge capacity decreases only by 3.0% and 3.5%, respectively. The cycle life is obviously improved by the low volume expansion and the formed SnO2 surface layers upon electrochemical cycling. The substitution of Ni by Sn leads to an increase of the unit cell volume and charge-discharge cycle life and decrease of the plateau pressure, hysteresis and the hydrogen storage capacity. The standard enthalpy of hydride formation decreases with increasing tin substitution. The main factor that influences the standard enthalpy of the hydriding reaction is the number of the outer orbit electrons and not the atomic size factor.     

Combination of hydrophobically modified γ-poly (glutamic acid) and trehalose achieving high cryosurvival of RBCs

Trehalose is expected to be an alternative for toxic glycerol as a biocompatible cryoprotectant of red blood cells(RBCs). In this work, γ-poly(glutamic acid)(PGA) is modified by grafting hydrophobic phenethylamine, 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine and dodecylamine, respectively. The graft-modified PGA can significantly enhance cryosurvival of RBCs in combination with trehalose. Analyses of dynamic light scattering, hemolysis assay, atomic force microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope suggest that the modified PGA polymers can self-assemble into nanoparticles in phosphate buffer saline solutions at the pH range of 6.0–7.4, and exhibit membrane-disruptive activity due to hydrogen bond, conjugation and hydrophobic interactions with cell membranes. It is assumed that the modified PGA polymers can improve the cryosurvival of RBCs by promoting membrane permeability of trehalose. Among the three graft-modified polymers, phenethylamine-grafted PGA(PGA-g-PEA)can significantly increase the intracellular trehalose-loading content to 11.3±2.4 m M at pH 7.4, much higher than the value0.17±0.66 m M when trehalose is used without any polymers. In view of the aforementioned merit, the cryosurvival rate of sheep RBCs is increased to about 90% by incubation with 1.0 mg mL~(-1) PGA-g-PEA and 0.36 M trehalose. In vitro cell culture of L929 fibroblasts demonstrates low cytotoxicity of PGA-g-PEA. Therefore, hydrophobic PEA-modified PGA with enhanced intracellular trehalose-loading ability can be potentially applied in glycerol-free RBC cryopreservation or other related biomacromolecule delivery systems.     

Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing (English Edition) Vol.13(2006), No.1-6

Mineral Effects of electrical resistance on the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal and the interaction matrix concept O.S. Yildirim, C. Sensogut, and M.K. Gokay ………………………………………………………………… (1)Efficacy of chalcopyrite bioleachin     

Equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption of Ca(Ⅱ) ions onto KCTS and HKCTS

The adsorption of Ca(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution by chitosan α-ketoglutaric acid(KCTS) and hydroxamated chitosan α-ketoglutaric acid(HKCTS) was studied in a batch adsorption system.The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describing the equilibrium isotherms,and isotherm constants were determined.The kinetics of the adsorption with respect to the initial Ca(Ⅱ) ions concentration,temperature and pH was investigated.The pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data and the rate constants were evaluated.The results show that the experimental data fit well to the Langmuir isotherms with a high correlation coefficient(R2).The pseudo-second-order rate expression provides the best fitting kinetic model.The pseudo second-order kinetic model is indicated with the activation energy of 26.22 kJ/mol and 6.16 kJ/mol for KCTS and HKCTS,respectively.It is suggested that the overall rate of adsorption of Ca(Ⅱ) ions is likely to be controlled by the chemical process.     

Omega Model of Standard Calculus(续2)

Chapter one states the foundation of differential calculus. The task of the chapter is to construct Omega con-tinuum, at the same time to interlude two axioms of the integral of infinitesimals. Positively we should solve threeproblems for ΩП:①arithmetic operative rules of elements;②order of elements and ③ defining the of measureof every element.     

Influence of Ti~(4+) doping on hyperfine field parameters of Mg_(0.95)Mn_(0.05)Fe_(2-2x)Ti_(2x)O_4(0≤x≤0.7)

The mixed spinel ferrite system Mg0.95Mn0.05Fe2-2xTi2xO4(0≤x≤0.7) was synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction technique.The effect of Ti4+ doping was studied by using the Mssbauer spectroscopy measurements at room temperature.From the analysis of the Mssbauer spectra,it is observed that s-electron density,electric field gradient(EFG),quadrupole coupling constant(QCC) and the net hyperfine magnetic fields acting on the M-ssbauer nuclei-FeA3+ and FeB3+ change with the increase of Ti4+ doping in Mg0.95Mn0.05Fe2O4.The hyperfine magnetic field decreases with the increase of Ti4+ doping.     

一种新型的模糊智能控制器(英文)

It is well known that in many situations the integral control to bc used to improve the steady-state performance of feedback control systems is often taken into consideration. The integral action has been applied to modelling human "memory" function to some extent, It always "remmenbers" the information about the process errors and the changes of errors in feedback control systems. From the viewpoint of control the information provided by the integral action is sometimes useful, and sometimes useless.     

Critical point quantities and integrability conditions for a class of quintic systems

For a class of quintic systems, the first 16 critical point quantities are obtained by computer algebraic system Mathematica, and the necessary and sufficient conditions that there exists an exact integral in a neighborhood of the origin are also given. The technique employed is essentially different from usual ones. The reeursive formula for computation of critical point quantities is linear and then avoids complex integral operations. Some results show an interesting contrast with the related results on quadratic systems.     

Stress Distribution and Plastic Spherodization Effect in the Integral Hydro-Forming of Spherical Vessels

This paper introduces the principle and procedure of integral hydro-forming technology for spherical vessels and the elastoplastic stress fields near weld seams. It also presents mechanical models of the angular distortion area, which explains the circularization bending moment and the effect of spherodization in the angular distortion area during the process of hydro-bulging.     

Development and Physical Properties of Film of Wheat Gluten Cross-linked by Transglutaminase

Films were developed from the modified wheat glutens by microbial tronsglutaminase ( MTGase , [ E/S ] = 10 u / g, 15 u / g and 20 u / g ) in order to improve physical and barrier properties of the films. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer. The films prepared from the modified-glutens by MTGase show a lower elongation at break(E) and a water vapor permeability( WVP ), and a higher tensile strength (TS) than the native gluten films, When the modified gluten films by different concentrations of MTGase are immersed in water at 25℃ , their weight losses decreased significantly, and their water resistance increases obviously as expected, compared with the control gluten films. Moreover , an addition of glycerol as plasticizer greatly modified water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of the films.     

Density-functional-theory formulation of classical and quantum Hooke’s law

A fundamental property of solid materials is their stress state. Stress state of a solid or thin film material has profound effects on its thermodynamic stability and physical and chemical properties. The classical mechanical stress(δM) originates from lattice strain(m), following Hooke's law: δM=Cδ, where C is elastic constant matrix. Recently, a new concept of quantum electronic stress(δ QE) is introduced to elucidate the extrinsic electronic effects on the stress state of solids and thin films, which follows a quantum analog of classical Hooke's law: QE=δ(δn), where δis the deformation potential of electronic states and n is the variation of electron density. Here, we present mathematical derivation of both the classical and quantum Hooke's law from density functional theory. We further discuss the physical origin of quantum electronic stress, arising purely from electronic excitation and perturbation in the absence of lattice strain(ε=0), and its relation to the degeneracy pressure of electrons in solid and their interaction with the lattice.     

Mssbauer spectra of MnFe_(2-2x)Al_(2x)O_4(0≤x≤0.4) ferrites

The effect of non-magnetic Al3+ ion doping on the magnetic properties of MnFe2-2xAl2xO4(0≤x≤0.4) spinel ferrites was studied using Mssbauer spectroscopy measurements at room temperature.From the Mssbauer study,it is observed that the resolved hyperfine sextets are due to the distribution of Fe ions on the two sublattices of the spinel ferrites.The value of the isomer shift obtained from the fitting of the Mssbauer spectra indicates that Fe ions are in +3 state.A paramagnetic doublet is observed at degree of inversion x=0.4,superimposed on the hyperfine sextets,indicating that the super-exchange interaction A-B decreases due to the dilution of sublattice by Al3+ ions.The hyperfine magnetic field decreases at both interstitial sites of tetrahedral(A) and octahedral(B) with the increase in Al concentration.     

Influence of Nano-Materials on Mechanical and Permeation Characteristics of High Strength Concrete

Efforts have been made to evaluate the influences of the addition of nanoparticles on the strength,durability and mineralogical changes of high strength concrete (HSC).Therefore,mixes were prepared for conventional concrete mix (CCM) of M80 grade.Further,various mixes were prepared by replacing cementitious materials initially with 1% Nano-CaCO₃ (NC),2% NC,3% NC in the CCM,and then 1% NC and Nano-SiO₂ (NS) NS,2% NC and NS,3% NC and NS (NC and NS were in equal proportion) in...     

Crystallization and Electrical Properties of (Ba_(0.4)Pb_(0.3))Sr_(0.3)TiO_3 Thin Film by Pulsed Laser Deposition

(Ba_(0.4)Pb_(0.3))Sr_(0.3)TiO_3 thin films were fabricated via pulsed laser deposition(PLD)technique on Pt/TiO_2/SiO_2/Si substrate.The crystallization of the films was characterized by XRD and FSEM,and the experimental results suggested deposition parameters,especially the deposition temperature was the key factor in forming the perovskite structure.The dielectric properties of the film deposited with optimized parameters were studied by an Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer at 1 MHz.The dielectric constant was 772,and the loss tangent was 0.006.In addition,the well-shaped hysteresis loop also showed that the film had a well performance in ferroelectric.The saturated polarization P,remnant polarization Pr and coercive field E were about 4.6μC/cm~2,2.5μC/cm~2 and 23 kV/cm(the coercive voltage is 0.7 V),respectively.It is suggested the film should be a promising candidate for microwave applications and nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories (NvFeRAMs).     

Synthesis and adsorption properties for Au(Ⅲ) of alkoxycarbonyl thiourea resin

A novel alkoxycarbonyl thiourea resin(ATR) was synthesized by monomer polymerization of oxydiethane-2,1-diyl dicarbonisothiocyanatidate and polyethylene polyamine, and characterized by FT-IR. The adsorption properties of ATR were investigated by batch test. The adsorption capacities for Au(Ⅲ), Ag(Ⅰ), Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ), Ca(Ⅱ) and Mg(Ⅱ) are 4.65, 4.40,0.40, 0.90, 0.86, 0.0080 and 0.016 mmol/g, respectively, when the adsorption condition is as follows: contact time 24 h, temperature 30 ℃, initial concentration of Au(Ⅲ) 5.08 mmol/L and that of other metals 0.10 mol/L, and concentration of acid 1.0 mol/L. The adsorption capacity for Au(Ⅲ) increases with the increase of contact time, temperature and initial concentration of Au(Ⅲ). The capacity after five adsorption-desorption cycles remains 90% that of the first time, and the separation factors of ATR for binary metal ion solutions are larger than 995, indicating that ATR is of good regeneration property and selectivity. XPS results show that the functional atoms of ATR supply electrons for Au and coordinate with Au during the adsorption.     

Effects of Ta addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti_(40)Zr_(25)Ni_8Cu_9Be_(18) amorphous alloy

The effects of Ta addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti40Zr25Ni8Cu9Be18 bulk amorphous alloy were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scan electron microscopy (SEM) and compressive testing. As a result, the addition of Ta (0-8at%) prompted the successive precipitation of quasicrystalline phase, CuTi2 phase and bcc β-Ti solid solution. Additionally, the addition of less Ta content (3at%-5at%) led to the formation of amorphous ma- trix/nanoquasicrystal/CuTi2 complex phase structure; and nanoquasicrystals, as reinforcement precipitates, improved the fracture strength of Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu-Be-Ta alloys, which led to the high compressive fracture strength 1856 MPa of Ta5 alloy. With increasing Ta content (5at%-8at%), although the ductile dendritic β-Ti solid solution was precipitated, the strength and plasticity decreased to a great extent resulting from the growth of quasicrystalline phase and CuTi2 phase.     

Fabrication and magnetic properties of Sm3(Fe,Ti)29Nx/α-Fe dual-phase nanocomposite permanent magnetic material

Sm3(Fe,Ti)29Nx/α-Fe dual-phase nanometer magnetic material was fabricated through rapid solidification, crystallization and nitridation of Sm-Fe (Ti) alloy. The effect of combination of rapid solidification and Ti alloy addition on the phase formation and microstructure of the Sm-Fe alloy is investigated in this paper. The microstructure of amorphous phase and dual-phase nano-grain crystals before and after crystallization annealing were observed using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HREM). The dual-phase nano-grains after annealing were compacted together with a clear interface with the direct exchange-coupling mechanism. Different annealing processes were used to examine the melt-spun alloy. Comparison of the images of SEM showed that annealing at 750℃ for 10 min was most suitable to get homogeneous and nano-grains. No obvious kink was detected in the second quadrant of the hysteresis loop like a single hard magnet, and strong exchange coupling was found between hard magnets and soft magnets.     

Three-dimensional non-axisymmetric Lamb' s problem for saturated soil

Based on the integral transformation method with which the combinatory integral transform of the displacements and the combinatory integral transform of the stresses are presented, the three-dimensional (3-D) non-axisymmetric governing dynamic equation in the Biot's theory of two-phase medium is solved. Integral solutions with the soil skeleton displacements and pore pressure as the main unknown quantity are obtained. On the basis of this solution, a systematic study on Lamb' s problems for saturated soils is performed. Considering the case of drained surface and the case of undrained surface, the integral solutions for surface radial, vertical and circumferential direction displacements under the vertical surface force and horizontal surface force are obtained, which would be reduced to the solutions of the classical Lamb's problem. So, the correctness of the solutions would be verified. The numerical example indicates that the two-dimensional (2-D) model cannot be applied to 3-D problem accurately.