月桂酸单甘酯的催化合成

文章以磷钨酸为催化剂,4分子筛为脱水剂,在无溶剂条件下月桂酸和甘油为原料合成月桂酸单甘酯,考察了反应温度、摩尔比（月桂酸/甘油）、反应时间、催化剂用量、分子筛用量对反应产率的影响,并确定了反应最佳条件是：反应温度200℃,摩尔比（月桂酸/甘油）1∶2.5,反应时间为2 h,磷钨酸用量为3%,分子筛用量为5%（月桂酸与...     

硫酸-重铬酸钾氧化改性活性炭催化合成三醋酸甘油酯

采样H2SO4-K2Cr2O7氧化改性活性炭为催化剂,甘油和醋酸为原料,合成三醋酸甘油酯,考察了催化剂用量、甘油醋酸比、反应温度,反应时间、带水剂用量对反应的影响。经过多次实验,得到合成三醋酸甘油酯的最佳工艺条件：催化剂用量（占总投料质量分数）2.5%,物料比n（甘油）/n（醋酸）=1：5.5,反应温度130℃,反应时间2 h,带水剂甲苯用量20 mL,产品收率达91.5%,催化剂可重复使用。     

三醋酸甘油酯绿色合成工艺

用甘油与醋酸、醋酐或醋酸与醋酐混合物作反应物,以五水四氯化锡(SnCl4.5H2O)和磷钨酸(H3O40-PW1.2xH2O)作催化剂,合成三醋酸甘油酯。研究了不同工艺条件对反应产率的影响。结果证明,用醋酐或醋酐加醋酸混合物优于仅用醋酸,适宜的物料比为:甘油∶醋酸∶醋酐=1∶2∶1(摩尔比)。用SnCl4.5H2O催化,优于杂多酸。以甲苯作带水剂适宜的反应温度为105~120℃,脱溶温度为120~140℃,产率达85%~90%。反应与精馏单釜完成。工艺简单,污染少。     

H3PW12O40／SiO2催化合成苹果酯-B

以H3PW12O40／SiO2为催化剂,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成苹果酯-B的反应条件进行了研究。考察了原料物质的量比、催化剂用量（质量）、带水剂用量（质量）、反应时间对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明H3PW12O40／SiO2是合成苹果酯-B的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为：n（乙酰乙酸乙酯）：n（1,2-丙二醇）=1：1．5,催化剂质量为反应物总质量的0．8％,带水剂环己烷6mL,反应时间90min。上述条件下,苹果酯-B的收率可达68．9％。     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/ZrO_2-WO_3催化合成己酸丙酯

以H3PW12O40/ZrO2-WO3为催化剂,己酸和正丙醇为原料合成了己酸丙酯。探讨了H3PW12-O40/ZrO2-WO3对酯化反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酸醇的摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响。实验表明:H3PW12O40/ZrO2-WO3是合成己酸丙酯的良好催化剂;在n(正丙醇)∶n(己酸)=1.1∶1,催化剂用量占反应物总质量的0.5%,以环己烷为带水剂,用量6mL,反应时间75 min的条件下,己酸丙酯的收率可达64.6%。     

SnO_2-高岭土负载硫酸镓催化合成己酸己酯

SnC l4.5H2O和高岭土的质量比1∶3,饱和Ga2(SO4)3溶液浸渍4 h,300℃焙烧2 h,制备了以Ga2(SO4)3为活性组分、SnO2-高岭土为载体的负载型酯化催化剂。用于正己酸与正己醇合成己酸己酯酯化反应,考察了催化剂用量、n(正己醇)∶n(正己酸)、反应时间、带水剂种类及用量等因素对酯化率的影响。结果表明,合成己酸己酯的适宜反应条件为:n(正己醇)∶n(正己酸)=1.4,苯15 mL,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的3.0%,反应时间100 min,酯化率为98.8%。该催化剂催化活性高、成本低、制备方法简单,并且易分离回收。     

SnCl4.5H2O催化合成肉桂酸正丙酯

研究了用SnCl4.5H2O为催化剂,以肉桂酸和正丙醇为原料合成肉桂酸正丙酯的方法,通过对各种酸醇比、催化剂用量、不同反应时间的试验,找到了比较合适的反应条件。结果表明,当醇酸比为3.0:1,催化剂用量为0.8g（肉桂本.1mol情况下）,带水剂甲苯为15mL,反应时间为3.0h时;酯化率可为97.2%。     

纳米SO_4~(2-)/SnO_2固体超强酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

报道了以SnCl4.5H2O为原料和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,采用模板法合成纳米SO42-/SnO2固体超强酸催化剂。用XRD和TG-DTA进行了表征,以环己酮和1,2-丙二醇的缩合反应为探针反应,探讨了SO42-/SnO2固体超强酸的催化活性,较系统地研究了焙烧温度、反应时间、酮醇物质的量比、带水剂的用量和催化剂的用量等对反应的影响以及催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,SO42-/SnO2固体超强酸催化剂具有纳米大小,在环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的合成具有良好的催化活性和稳定性。在最佳条件下,缩酮的产率可达97.2%,纯度(质量分数)为99.2%。     

月桂酸单甘酯的合成与提纯

采用羟基保护法制备月桂酸单甘酯,研究月桂酸单甘酯(简称GML)的合成与提纯,得到了含量98%的单甘酯产品.并利用正交试验对合成月桂酸单甘酯的反应条件进行了讨论,得出硼酸保护法制取月桂酸单甘酯的最佳工艺:甘油与月桂酸的摩尔比3:1,催化剂对甲苯磺酸用量为0.15%,反应温度240℃,反应时间2 h.采用分子蒸馏(Mole...     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成丁酸己酯的研究

以丁酸、正己醇为原料，直接酯化合成丁酸己酯，分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成丁酸己酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度120℃、反应时间3．5h、n（正己醇）：n（丁酸）为1．2、催化剂用量为2．32％、带水剂环己烷为15mL（丁酸为0．2mol的情况下）。丁酸己酯的收率达到95．86％。催化剂不经处理可循环使用多次。该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、无环境污染等优点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.