建筑电气设计要点及难点浅析——以酒店为例

在建筑的实际设计过程中,电气设计是一项极其重要的工作.然而在建筑的电气设计方面存在着一些问题和难点,这些难点是亟待解决的.本文以现代社会酒店电气设计的理念为例,总结和归纳出现代酒店电气设计的要点,然后通过对设计要点的论迷,提出酒店电气设计的难点,最后在结论中提出加强酒店电气设计的几点重要意义.     

基夫赛特炉电气设计的优化

介绍了基夫赛特炉的电气设计,针对当前基夫赛特炉电气设计中存在的不足,提出了优化解决方案。     

工业企业中消防设备的电气设计

本文笔者结合以往工作经验,首先对消防设备电气设计的重要性做了概述,进而分析探讨消防设备电气设计的要点,并在此基础上结合工程实例研究了工业企业中消防设备的电气设计要点,以期能为以后的实际工作起到一定的借鉴作用。     

浅谈建筑电气设计中的节能技术措施

在现阶段中,建筑行业的发展迅速,而在能源节约背景下,节能技术在建筑电气设计内的应用更为广泛,受到了更多关注和重视.节能措施在电气设计内的应用,有利于建筑整体节能性的增长,最终提高建筑设计的环保特性,为国内环保节能事业的发展提供助力.基于此,以下分析建筑电气节能的现状、建筑电气设计的节能原则,探究建筑电气设计中的节能技术措施.     

南非某浮选厂项目电气设计特点分析

随着当前国外总承包项目越来越多,充分理解和掌握国外工程电气设计的特点,成为电气设计人员的基本要求。本文针对南非某浮选厂项目的电气设计特点进行介绍并与国内的类似情况进行比较,为以后国内外工程的电气设计提供借鉴。     

城市变电站一次设计分析

对城市变电站电气设计中主变压器的选择、电气主接线的确定、高压电气接线设计、电气设备选择等作了论述,通过合理计算和论证,从而达到城市变电所电气设计安全、可靠和经济的目的.     

论建筑结构与电气设计施工的协调处理

随着现代电子产业的发展和大规模智能化建筑的兴起,建筑电气设计中所涉及的各类管线将越来越多,对防雷、防电磁脉冲等保护措施的要求也越来越高,因此作为设备设计中的一部分,建筑电气设计与其他专业特别是与结构专业之间的协调、配合应该得到相应的重视.基于这一点,本文主要对电气设计、施工中与结构相关的若干问题加以讨论.     

探讨某办公楼电气设计的几个方面

随着科技的进步,要求办公楼的电气设计除了能满足其基本功能要求外,还要求电气设计做到节能、安全、可靠。以某工程办公楼为例,从供电系统、电气照明、防雷接地、综合布线等方面对办公楼的电气设计进行探讨。     

新建大型高层住宅工程电气设计要点

本文以大型高层住宅工程为例,对其电气设计中的供配电、动力、照明、智能弱电系统加以论述,以供电气设计同行们参考。     

谈谈高层建筑电气设计的主要内容及有关问题

建筑越来越多，高层建筑电气设计质量如何保证？高层建筑的主要内容及有关问题有哪些？本文根据多年对建筑电气设计经验结合规范做了初步探讨。     

Collaborative Planning and Scheduling of Interrelated Design Changes

During the detailed design stage of a building project, a vast amount of mostly interrelated design information is generated and communicated among specialists from several disciplines. Changes in some design information are inevitable due to the iterative nature of the design process. In many cases, when the design of a building component is modified by one discipline, this change affects the design of many related building components that are the responsibility of several other design disciplines. Commitment and resources are needed to accommodate such design changes to maintain compatibility among all the design information. Otherwise, incompatibility errors become embedded in the design information leading to numerous problems during the construction of the project. This paper presents a computer-assisted methodology that helps design managers in planning and scheduling changes with interrelated effects on the design information.     

对展示设计的探讨

展示设计在当今信息时代应用越来越广泛，其实用价值越来越高，设计效果备受社会关注。本文论述了展示设计的基本概念和特性，结合笔者多年设计工作经验和体会提出了展示空间设计的基本原则和在展示环境设计中对功能空间的处理方式，供展示空间设计者在设计工作中借鉴。     

Sources of Changes in Design–Build Contracts for a Governmental Owner

In recent years, many U.S. federal, state, and local governments have been authorized to use the design–build method of project delivery instead of the traditional design–bid–build method. Recent studies have not been definitive on the cost advantage of design–build for governmental owners. There are fewer change orders in design–build due to design errors because the designer (architect/engineer) and contractor are one entity, but there are other causes of change orders. Some literature suggests that changes requested by the owner of the facility are greater with the design–build method. This research examines the causes for construction-phase changes in 14 design–build and 20 design–bid–build projects. Total changes, expressed as number per contract, cost per contract, or percentage of original contract, were significantly lower in design–build. Fewer design errors in design–build accounted for this advantage. The number of owner-requested changes was significantly greater in design–build. The cost of owner-requested changes, averaged over all the projects, was significantly less for design–bid–build. The differences in changes due to differing site conditions were not significant. The concept that there are more owner-requested changes in design–build projects is supported by this research.     

Aesthetics and Philosophy in Bridge Design in Japan

This paper investigates the background of current trends in bridge design in Japan in the context of common design practice, which distinguishes architecturally, industrially, and structurally led designs. Because the philosophy of engineering design has not been recognized outside the rational philosophies of structural mechanics, this paper introduces a method of design and evaluation that is based on the application of architectural philosophies for bridge design. While current criticism is basically devoted to the evaluation of structural and visual qualities of bridges, the method illustrated by the case study of Japan Bridge, includes the aesthetic and ideological analysis of bridge design, which, like the analysis of building design, draws on subjective design concepts. Unlike in the conventional critical apraisal of bridge design, this method allows for the reintegration and evaluation of the structural and architectural values of bridges. Considering the complexity of comtemporary Japanese bridge design, landscape-oriented, structure-oriented, preservation-oriented, thematic, and symbolic trends in bridge design have been distinguished. Rediscovering philosophy in bridge design can be an effective way to invoke a wider response to the creativity of bridge designers.     

Identifying a Design Management Package to Support Concurrent Design in Building Wafer Fabrication Facilities

Concurrent design is commonly used in building a semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities to shorten projects. Current practice in managing a design schedule involves preset milestones that represent percentages of completion. Such a simple control scheme does not provide sufficient information to support concurrent design. This study presents an analytical model that applies a cluster identification algorithm to separate the work of designing a multisystem project into management packages that support concurrent design. Tasks within a package have strong informational dependency relationships on each other, and are not suited for concurrent design. Tasks of different packages have weak dependency relationships on each other, and are suited for concurrent design. Tendering design work based on these packages may reduce the number of design interfaces between participating design firms. Possible application of the model includes the management of design schedule, design contract tendering, and design information flow.     

Design Structure Matrix Implementation on a Seismic Retrofit

A void exists in development of design theory methodology within the structural engineering community. This void hampers efforts to resolve performance deficiencies including cost over-runs, unplanned rework, and suboptimal design. In manufacturing, product design and production improvements have resulted from implementation of the design structure matrix (DSM) methodology. DSM offers a means to represent, analyze, and decompose complex systems in order to improve their performance. DSM use within the architecture engineering construction (AEC) industry has been sporadic and focused primarily in the U.K. Where applied, DSM has proven effective at helping AEC design teams streamline processes to address nonlinearity (nonsequential information flows) introduced by iteration and complexity in design. When a DSM reveals iteration and highly dependent work, group brainstorming, collocated design sessions, rapid feedback, set-based design, and collaborative design aids can be used to increase overall team effectiveness. This paper examines a case study where DSM-based planning software was used on a seismic retrofit project to drive process improvement in design management. DSM correctly identified iterative activities central to design and provided the following; (1) a common vocabulary to discuss rework in the context of a multidisciplinary design team; (2) a rational method to schedule team collocation and brainstorming efforts to maximize their benefit; and (3) a means to consider iterative activities (and associated hand-offs) in design work structuring.     

Concept for Type-Local Instance–Global Instance Object Modeling and Application to Structural Design of Buildings

Rational data modeling is prerequisite to the computerization of design, and the use of design information in the subsequent work, in areas such as cost estimation and construction. In particular, the structural design of buildings consists of a long series of unit steps and is nonprocedural and data intensive compared with structural analysis problems that are procedural and computation intensive. Hence, there is a need to investigate the characteristics of the problem and to structure design information properly to effectively manage it in the structural design process. This paper discusses modeling concepts for managing design information efficiently and supporting the design process effectively. Type-local instance–global instance object modeling is the conceptual backbone of the model in this study and provides consistent modeling of structural components including not only primitive members such as beams and columns, but also composite elements such as floors, frames, and even whole buildings. This paper also provides core and extended object concepts for classifying structural design information into an overall design and for processing dependent temporary stages in the design. Foundational and application object concepts are introduced for extending the model to various types of structures. An integrated structural design system for buildings is developed based on these modeling concepts, and finally a brief discussion of the application of the object model throughout the entire structural design process in the integrated structural design system is given. It is expected that the modeling concepts proposed in this research can be applied to a range of other engineering applications.     

Optimal Design in the Presence of Modeling Uncertainties

The integration of modeling and simulation tools with robust and efficient methods of optimal design offers a rational approach to explore new concepts and designs. However, a widespread adaptation of these tools in the industry design environment will require that they incorporate a systematic analysis of uncertainty in all aspects of the design process. A lack of confidence in designs generated in a simulation-based approach is the result of uncertainties in the predictive capabilities of physics-based models used in the simulations, and poor representation of uncertainties and their propagation in a coupled systems engineering design problem. A data- and knowledge-lean environment, typical of a design process involving novel concepts, further exacerbates the situation; design engineers often make gross assumptions about distributional information of random variables and parameters, thereby adding to the uncertainty associated with the design results. The paper focuses on numerical and analytical tools by which to model uncertainty and risk in a simulation-based design environment, including cases where the uncertainty does not conform to standard probabilistic distributions. A specific focus of the modeling effort is an approach to establish confidence intervals for response predictions available from analytical and numerical models, as well as surrogate approximations used in the design process. Innovative adaptations of formal optimization methods in a nondeterministic design setting are discussed, including design problem formulations that examine the nondeterministic design problem in a multicriteria optimization framework. Simple design problems are used to illustrate the concepts and to underscore the deficiencies in a purely deterministic approach to the design problem.     

Preliminary Design System for Concrete Box Girder Bridges

A neural network-based design system is presented in this paper for preliminary design of concrete box girder bridges. The system is based on a loose coupling model that integrates the artificial neural network and the fuzzy network to perform the task of noisy data filtering, knowledge extraction, and candidate synthesis. After a comparative study, the radial basis function neural network is chosen in the design knowledge generation instead of the commonly used back-propagation neural network. The fuzzy network is employed to determine the integer types of design parameters. The developed system provides a few feasible design configurations, and enables the user to overwrite some of the design parameters, so that that user can have a wide choice in his preliminary design. The accuracy of the neural network testing and the influence of the size of the design cases on the neural network prediction are discussed. A design example is included to illustrate the design procedure.     

基于UGNX的铝型材挤压分流模设计

在铝合金空心型材生产时,平面分流模得到广泛的应用。由于模具结构复杂,应用传统的二维模具设计方法建立模具模型,存在很多不足。实体模型是进行有限元分析和优化设计的基础。以LX0349号型材为例,介绍了UGNX在铝材挤压分流模实体建模中的应用,从而为进一步进行有限元分析和模具优化设计打下了基础。