共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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通过纳米TiO2粒子填充改性制备了新型TiO2/PVA杂化膜。红外光谱表明纳米TiO2表面的羟基与聚乙烯醇(PVA)链上的羟基存在较强的氢键作用。扫描电镜显示当TiO2的质量分数低于1.5%时,在PVA中分散均匀。X射线衍射显示纳米TiO2的加入降低了膜的结晶度。通过对含水质量分数低于20%的水/乙醇体系的脱水研究了该杂化膜的渗透性能,考察了TiO2粒子填充量、料液质量分数和温度与膜分离性能之间的关系。渗透通量J随着TiO2、水质量分数和温度的升高而增加,分离因子随着温度和水质量分数的升高而下降,在TiO2质量分数为1.5%时分离因子达到最佳值。40℃下分离质量分数85%的乙醇水溶液,分离因子可达1 590,渗透通量为0.049kg/(m2.h)。 相似文献
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以木粉、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶方法将TEOS引入到木粉空隙中制备出木粉/TEOS杂化材料,在较低温度下烧结制得SiC木材陶瓷.采用热失重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其物相变化和显微结构进行了表征,用阿基米德法测定SiC木材陶瓷的显气孔率,研究了烧结温度和杂化材料增重率对SiC木材陶瓷摩擦性能的影响.研究结果表明,木粉/TEOS杂化材料在800 ℃时总的失重率仅为20%,是理想的SiC陶瓷前驱体;杂化材料中的Si-O-C结构可以在1000℃烧结成SiC;SiC木材陶瓷主晶相由β-SiC和SiO2组成,具有类似于木材的多孔拓扑结构;显气孔率随着烧结温度的升高先升后降,而随增重率的增加而增加;耐磨性能随烧结温度和增重率的增加而提高. 相似文献
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以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)技术,制备出不同nano-SiO2含量的PVA/nano-SiO2杂化膜,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等仪器测试和分析了杂化膜的结构和性能。结果表明:随着nano-SiO2含量的增加,PVA杂化膜的耐水性能增强,结晶能力下降,而力学性能呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当nano-SiO2的加入量在10%左右时,断裂伸长率由纯PVA膜的34.74%提高到55.52%,拉伸强度从33.08 MPa增加到49.98 MPa;而当nano-SiO2含量增加到20%以上时,nanoSiO2粒子会发生团聚,使得杂化膜的力学性能变差。 相似文献
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新型聚乙烯醇/硅系杂化膜的制备及渗透性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅氧烷(APTEOS)有机/无机杂化膜。用FTIR和XRD对杂化膜进行了表征。测定了膜在乙醇/水溶液中的溶胀行为。考察了杂化膜对85%(质量)的乙醇/水溶液的渗透蒸发分离性能。加入APTEOS降低了PVA的结晶度,有效控制了膜的溶胀,呈现出优良的分离性能。随着APTEOS含量的增加,杂化膜的选择性急剧增加,在5.0%(质量)时达到最大值;同时膜的渗透通量迅速增加。解决了PVA膜trade-off效应。 相似文献
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以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为无机前躯体,端羟基硅油(PDMS)为有机杂化剂,在两种催化剂酒石酸(TA)、二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTL)的作用下,分别制备了TEOS水解-缩合溶胶、TEOS-PDMS杂化水解-缩合溶胶.利用制备的两种溶胶表层浸渍水泥净浆试件,通过测试处理水泥净浆试件的吸水率、接触角评价了两种防水剂的阻水效果;结合红外光谱分析了两种防水剂的形成过程以及作用机理.研究结果表明:表层浸渍处理的水泥净浆试件,其吸水率与水接触角具有良好的相关性;相比于TA,DBTL催化TEOS经水解-缩合形成的防水剂阻水性能更好;PDMS改性TEOS形成的TEOS-PDMS防水剂较杂化前具有更强的阻水性能;防水剂的阻水效果与其凝胶结构中的疏水基团数量密切相关. 相似文献
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1引言交联聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜用于酯化反应脱水,膜性能随时间发生变化,膜表面红外光谱显示聚乙烯醇上部分OH被酸酯化了[1]。解决这个问题最好的办法是设计一种膜,既具有催化活性又具有分离功能,反应和分离合二为一。对某物系有催化活性的基团通过化学接枝,... 相似文献
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地聚物微纳米粒子(GPs)经聚乙烯醇(PVA)修饰后,采用真空抽滤法将其组装在混合纤维素基膜(MCE)表面,得到多功能地聚物颗粒-聚乙烯醇/混合纤维素杂化膜(GPs-PVA/MCE)。本文考察了GPs的添加量对杂化膜结构和性能的影响,通过SEM、FTIR、AFM、XRD等表征杂化膜的结构。结果表明GPs添加量为0.15g时制备的杂化膜性能最佳,水通量为11293L/(m2·h·MPa)。该多功能杂化膜对不同污染物均表现出优异的去除性能:通过孔道截留作用可去除水中100%的50nm聚苯乙烯微球和99.87%的乳化油;通过吸附作用亦可去除水中100%的阳离子型染料;比原始MCE膜分别提升了528.54%、25.78%、90.96%。特别是在连续处理含油乳液时,该杂化膜使用1h后通量仅降低了21.70%,远低于MCE膜的95.70%,说明其抗污染性能得到显著提升,显示出良好的应用潜力。 相似文献
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以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,利用溶胶凝胶法和原位化学交联法相结合的方法,制备了交联的聚乙烯醇/二氧化硅(PVA/SiO2)杂化功能膜。通过FTIR、SEM、溶胀和拉伸实验研究了二氧化硅和原位化学交联对杂化膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,制备的膜是具有梯度交联结构的有机/无机杂化体系,原位化学交联对膜断面形貌影响不大。二氧化硅的引入和戊二醛原位交联都能有效地降低杂化膜的平衡溶胀度,两种因素在提高杂化膜耐水性方面具有互补作用。 相似文献
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通过自由基接枝聚合的方法将1-乙烯基咪唑单体接枝到MOR沸石膜的表面,制备出一种新型的亲水性的聚(1-乙烯基咪唑)/丝光沸石(PVI/MOR)杂化膜.并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外漫反射光谱(DRIFTS)和热重分析等来表征膜的形貌和特性.将膜应用于乙酸脱水分离,考察了不同Ⅵ单体浓度和进料浓度对膜的渗透汽化性能的影响.分析得知以15%的Ⅵ单体浓度制备的PVI/MOR杂化膜具有最好的分离性能,在80℃下和71%~94%的进料浓度范围内均达到理想选择性分离,也就是说在透过侧产品水的含量达到100%.这些实验结果表明将PVI基团接枝到MOR沸石膜层能实现真正意义上的功能化修补膜的缺陷和大大提高膜的分离性能的目的. 相似文献
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采用成熟的Sol-Gel法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、苯酚、甲醛等为原料,制备酚醛树脂/SiO2杂化材料.探讨了制备工艺过程中的影响因素(反应体系的pH、反应时间、反应温度),并用红外吸收光谱对该杂化材料的结构进行了表征. 相似文献
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Modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes prepared by the ‘solution technique’ were tested for ethanol-water mixtures by varying the reaction density (Xcr = 0.05, 0.1) at various temperatures. The results are compared with those of PVA membranes (Xcr = 0.05) prepared by the technique of the GFT Company, Germany. 相似文献
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Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blended with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was crosslinked with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to prepare organic–inorganic PVA/PEG/TEOS hybrid membranes. The membranes were then used for the dehydration of ethanol by pervaporation (PV). The physicochemical structure of the hybrid membranes was studied with Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction WXRD, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PVA and PEG were crosslinked with TEOS, and the crosslinking density increased with increases in the TEOS content, annealing temperature, and time. The water permselectivity of the hybrid membranes increased with increasing annealing temperature or time; however, the permeation fluxes decreased at the same time. SEM pictures showed that phase separation took place in the hybrid membranes when the TEOS content was greater than 15 wt %. The water permselectivity increased with the addition of TEOS and reached the maximum at 10 wt % TEOS. The water permselectivity decreased, whereas the permeation flux increased, with an increase in the feed water content or feed temperature. The hybrid membrane that was annealed at 130°C for 12 h exhibited high permselectivity with a separation factor of 300 and a permeation flux of 0.046 kg m?2 h?1 in PV of 15 wt % water in ethanol. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 相似文献
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以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸/腐植酸钠多功能高吸水性树脂。研究了聚乙烯醇和腐植酸钠含量对树脂吸水倍率的影响,同时考察了树脂的吸水速率、溶液pH值对吸水倍率的影响及反复溶胀性能。结果表明,在体系中引入廉价的腐植酸钠,能够显著提高树脂的吸水能力。在腐植酸钠含量为10wt%时,树脂具有最高的吸水倍率,其吸蒸馏水和0.9wt%NaCl溶液分别达到1020g/g和80g/g。 相似文献
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以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得了以共价键结合的PDMS-SiO2杂化材料,通过FTIR,SEM,TG-DSC等手段证实杂化材料中有机组分和无机组分发生了化学键合,材料的耐热性能明显改善。随杂化材料中无机组分的增加,材料的拉伸性能和断裂伸长率先增后降,硬度升高,而且体积电阻率逐渐减小,介电常数增大。 相似文献
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An organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite membrane, poly(vinyl alcohol)/clay (PVAC), was prepared. The morphology of PVAC nanocomposite membranes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The crystallinity and surface roughness increases with an increasing clay content in the PVAC nanocomposite membrane. Compared with the pure poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane, the hybrid nanocomposite membrane (PVAC) shows an improvement in the thermal stability and the prevention of the water‐soluble property. The oxygen permeability and the water‐vapor permeation rate decreases with an increasing clay content (1–3 wt %) in the PVAC nanocomposite membranes. In addition, the effects of the clay content on the vapor‐permeation performance of an aqueous ethanol solution through the PVAC nanocomposite membranes was also investigated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3632–3638, 2003 相似文献
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Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/poly(acrylic acid)(PAA) and PVA/sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) membrane performances have been studied for the pervaporation separation of methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE)/methanol (MeOH) mixtures with varying operating temperatures, amount of cross‐linking agents, and feed compositions. Typically, the separation factor, about 4000, and the permeation rate, 10.1 g/m2/h, were obtained with PVA/PAA = 85/15 membrane for MTBE/MeOH = 80/20 mixtures at 50°C. For PVA/PAA membranes, it could be considered that the flux is affected by the structural changes of the membranes due to the cross‐linking and the free carboxylic acid group also took an important role in the separation characteristics through the hydrogen bonding with PVA and the feed components leading to the increase of flux. The latter membrane of the 5% SSA membrane shows the highest separation factor of 2095 with the flux of 12.79 g/m2/h for MTBE/MeOH = 80/20 mixtures at 30°C. Besides the swelling measurements were carried out for pure MTBE and MeOH, and MTBE/MeOH = 90/10, 80/20 mixtures using PVA/SSA membranes with varying SSA compositions. It has been recognized that there are two factors, the membrane network and the hydrogen bonding in the swelling measurements of PVA/SSA membranes. These two factors act interdependently on the membrane swelling. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1699–1707, 2000 相似文献