Effects of tourmaline on microstructures and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2 composite powders

The SiO2/TiO2 composite powders including mineral tourmaline powders （T/SiO2/TiO2） were prepared from a sol made by a two-step hydrolysis method, using metasilicate ester as precursor. The powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The photocatalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. The effects of heat-treatment on the photocatalytic activity were discussed. It is found that the T/SiO2/TiO2 composite powders show higher photocatalytic activity when including 10% SiO2 and 4% tourmaline. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism of tourmaline on the powders was proposed.     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of PANI/TiO2 composite film

1. Introduction As an advanced oxidation technique (AOT), photocatalytic oxidation of semiconductor nanopar-ticles has been widely investigated by several groups during the past two decades [1-2]. Among all types of oxide semiconductor photocatalysts, nano-TiO2 is a very important photocatalyst for its strong oxidiz-ing power, nontoxicity, and long-term photostability [3]. Some researchers have reviewed the photocata-lytic mechanism of nano-TiO2 [4-5]. Generally, when the surface of TiO2 i…     

Preparation of TiO2 nanometer thin films with high photocatalytic activity by reverse micellar method

Two kinds of TiO2 nanometer thin films were prepared on stainless steel by the reverse micellar and sol-gelmethods, respectively. The calcined TiO2 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force micros-copy (AFM), BET surface area and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photocatalytic activity was evaluated byphotocatalytic decoloration of methyl orange aqueous solution. The results showed that the TiO2 thin films prepared by re-verse micellar method (designated as RM-TiO2 films) showed higher photocatalytic activity than those by sol-gel method(designated as SG-TiO2 films). This is attributed to the fact that the former is composed of smaller monodispersed sphericalparticles with a size of about 15 nm and possesses higher surface areas.     

KzLa2Ti3O10的制备和光催化产氢性能

通过聚合-配合方法和溶胶-凝胶方法，制备了具有层状钙钛矿结构复合氧化物K2La2Ti3O10光催化剂，采用X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段进行表征：以I-为电子给体，比较了制备方法对K2L。2Ti3O10分解水产氢活性的影响。研究结果表明，溶-凝胶法制备的KELaETi3O10比聚合-配合法制备的K2LaETi3O10光催化产氢活性要高出1倍左右，且制备条件友好，所得K2La2Ti3O10具有较好的单相性：获得了以I-为电子给体，溶胶-凝胶法制备的K2La2Ti3O10分解水的最佳实验条件：产氢的最佳pH值为11,5，RuO2的负载量为0.2％～0.3％。     

Effect of substrate temperature on structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films

Titanium dioxide （TiO2） films with anatase structure were prepared on quartz glass substrates by pulse laser ablating titanium （99.99%） target under oxygen pressure of 10 Pa at substrate temperature of 500-800 ℃. The structural properties of the films were characterized by X-ray difffactometry（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and field emission scan electron microscopy（FESEM）. The results show that, as the substrate temperature is increased from 600 ℃ to 800 ℃, the anatase structure of the films changes from random growth to （211）-oriented growth. The absorption edge tested by UV-Vis Spectrometer has a blue shift. The photocatalytic activity of the films was tested on the degradation of methyl orange. It is found that the film with random growth structure exhibits better photo-degradation efficiency than that with （211）-oriented growth structure.     

Deposition of photocatalytic TiO2 and N-doped TiO2 films by arc ion plating

TiO2 and N-doped TiO2 films were deposited on the glass substrates by arc ion plating method. The results show that the deposition rate does not change with the increasing deposition time. The increase of mass flow rate of N2 gives rise to the increase of deposition rate. All as-deposited TiO2 and N-doped TiO2 films are amorphous. The anatase TiO2 phase with preferred orientation （101） is acquired by post-annealing at 400 ℃ for 2 h. The incorporation of N into the TiO2 films and the heat treatment extensively shift the band edge to the visible light region.     

Rapid communication Preparation of TiO_2 nanometer thin films with high photocatalytic activity by reverse micellar method

Two kinds of TiO2 nanometer thin films were prepared on stainless steel by the reverse micellar and sol-gel methods, respectively. The calcined TiO2 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), BET surface area and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic decoloration of methyl orange aqueous solution. The results showed that the TiO2 thin films prepared by reverse micellar method (designated as RM-TiO2 films) showed higher photocatalytic activity than those by sol-gel method (designated as SG-TiO2 films). This is attributed to the fact that the former is composed of smaller monodispersed spherical particles with a size of about 15 nm and possesses higher surface areas.     

ZrO_2／TiO_2复合光催化膜的微弧氧化法制备及表征

采用微弧氧化方法和原位生成的Zr（OH）_4胶体颗粒,在纯钛基体上制备ZrO_2／TiO_2复合光催化膜。采用SEM、EDX、XRD、UV-VisDRS等分析手段,对膜层进行分析表征。结果表明：复合膜显示出层状和多孔的结构,由锐钛矿、金红石和ZrO_2组成;相对于纯TiO_2膜,复合膜层的光吸收截止边缘产生红移;ZnO_2／TiO_2复合膜层和纯TiO_2膜层在紫外光照射下,对罗丹明B的光催化速率常数分别为0．0442和0．0186h~（-1）。     

Characterization and photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation of iron-deposited TiO2 photocatalyst

Iron-deposited TiO2 was prepared by photo-reducing ferric ions. The photocatalytic activity of methylene blue degradation was enhanced after TiO2 was deposited with iron, and the optimum n(Fe)/n(Ti) is 0. 25%. TiO2 and iron-deposited TiO2 are anatase and rutile, and anatase is the dominant crystalline phase. In all samples, theXRD patterns indicate that there are no characteristic peaks of iron to be detected. XPS confirms that Fe^3 and Fe^2 are present on the surface of 0.5% iron-deposited TiO2, however they are not susceptible to XRD detection. The thermodynamics analysis shows that the alternative possibility of reduction from the Fe^3 /Fe^2 couple seems plausible, but Fe^2 can not be reduced to Fe. The fluorescence intensity weakens after iron is deposited on TiO2, because iron deposited traps photo-generated electrons and holes. The fluorescence intensity order of TiO2 and iron-deposited TiO2, from strong to weak, is in good agreement with that of photocatalytic reactiveness TiO2 and iron-deposited TiO2, from low to high.     

氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备与性能研究

采用水热法结合固相反应法制备了氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂。以苯酚为降解底物，考察了不同煅烧温度下制备的光催化剂在可见光照射下的光催化性能。采用了XRD、UV-Vis／DRS、XPS等手段对制备的掺氮TiO2光催化剂进行了表征。结果表明：当固相反应温度为300℃时所制备的样品为锐钛矿相，当反应温度达800℃时开始由锐钛矿相转变为金红石相：紫外一可见漫反射光谱结果表明所制备掺氮TiO2在可见光区和紫外光区都有较强的吸收，而纯TiO2只对紫外光有较强的吸收：当反应温度为500℃时，可见光活性最大，对苯酚的降解率最大，在4h内对苯酚的降解率达到52．57％。     

Preparation and oxygen-sensing properties of TiO2 porous thin films on alumina substrate

The titanium dioxide sols were synthesized with tetrabutyl titanate as precursor, diethanolamine（DEA） as complexing agent , polyethylene glycol （PEG） as organic template. The porous films were prepared by sol-gel method, The structures and morphology of the titanium dioxide porous films were characterized by FE-SEM. The formation mechanism of TiO2 porous films and the relation between the porous structure and oxygen-sensing properties of TiO2 films were studied. Ordered structure was formed by assembling between TiO2 colloid particles and the template molecules. PEG molecules acted on TiO2 colloid particles by hydrogen bond and bridge oxygen. The porous structure was formed after the organic template was decomposed when calcining the films. The diameter, amount and distribution of the pores in the films are related with the content of PEG. The pore diameter increases with increasing of content of PEG and the pore density reaches the maximum at certain content. Oxygen-sensitivity and response speed of porous TiO2 films are improved compared with films without pores. Both the sensitivity and response speed increase with the increasing of pore diameter and pore density. Oxygen-sensitivity reaches 3 order of magnitude at 800 ℃. Its response time from H2/N2 to O2/N2 atmosphere and vice versa is about 0.11 s and 0.12 s respectively. Although the sensitivity and response speed increase, the resistance-temperature properties of porous films are not notably improved with the increasing of the content of PEG.     

Synthesis of iron(Ⅲ)-doped nanostructure TiO2/SiO2 and their photocatalytic activity

Iron(Ⅲ)-doped nanostructure TiO2-coated SiO2 (TiO2/SiO2) particles were prepared using the layer-by-layer assembly technique and their photocatalytic property was studied. TiO2 colloids were synthesized employing the sol-gel method with TiCl4 as a precursor. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), SEM, EDS, XPS, and XRD. The experimental results show that TiO2 nanopowders on the surface of SiO2 particles are well distributed, the amount of TiO2 is increased with the adding of coating layers, the pure anatase-TiO2 coating layers are synthesized at 500℃, and the photocatalytic activity of Fe3+-doped TiO/SiO2 is higher than tnat of undoped TiO2/SiO2.     

单分散纳米TiO2光催化剂的水解-溶胶制备法

以Ti(SO4)2为原料，在一定温度下直接水解、胶溶、加入晶种、熟化，制备出单分散性、热稳定性良好、平均粒径在22nm左右、比表面积在80m^2／g以上的TiO2纳米微粒。研究了Ti(SO4)2浓度、水解时间及晶种对纳米微粒粒径的影响。对样品进行了TG-DTA，XRD和SEM分析。结果表明：样品经真空冷冻干燥后，TiO2粉体主要为锐钛矿型，且随焙烧时间增加和温度升高，其金红石型含量显著增多，粉体粒径也有一定增大，但在不同的温度区间粒径增长速率有较大的区别。     

TiO2 thin film photocatalyst

It is well known that the photocatalyfic activity of TiO2 thin films strongly depends on the preparing methods and post-treatmaent conditions, since they have a decisive influence on the chemical and physical properties of TiO2 thin films.Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the influence of the preparation process and post-treatment conditions on the photocatalytic activity and surface microstructures of the films. This review deals with the preparation of TiO2 thin film photocatalysts by wet-chemical methods (such as sol-gel, reverse micellar and liquid phase deposition) and the comparison of various preparation methods as well as their advantage and disadvantage. Furthermore, it is discussed that the advancement of photocatalytic activity, super-hydrophilicity and bactericidal activity of TiO2 thin film photocatalyst in recent years.     

Zn、Si共掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用水热法,以Ti（SO4）2作为前驱体制备出锌、硅单掺杂和共掺杂的二氧化钛纳米晶。分析结果显示锌、硅共掺杂二氧化钛纳米晶的光催化活性高于纯二氧化钛纳米晶和单掺杂的二氧化钛纳米晶;在锌的掺杂量为0.8%、硅的掺杂量为6%时,所获得的二氧化钛纳米晶的光催化活性最佳;锌硅共掺杂二氧化钛纳米晶相对于纯二氧化钛纳米晶和单掺杂的二氧化钛纳米晶,其粒径减小,表面积增加。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2-SiO2系亲水性薄膜的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法在陶瓷釉面砖表面制备了TiO2-SiO2系亲水性薄膜.利用XRD、AFM、FTIR、热显微镜润湿角测角仪等,研究了SiO2添加量对薄膜的微结构和亲水性等的影响.结果表明:薄膜中TiO2晶粒尺寸随着SiO2含量的增加而减小;TiO2和SiO2分别单独成相,并有Ti-O-Si键形成,存在部分复合氧化物,在光照条件下,由于取代反应,复合氧化物的表面易形成Lewis酸,薄膜表面吸附的羟基含量增多且稳定,SiO2摩尔分数为0.4时,润湿角小于5°,薄膜的超亲水状态可在停止光照后长时间存在.     

不同掺铁方式对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶凝胶工艺在普通玻璃表面制备出表面掺铁与体相掺铁的TiO2 薄膜。运用SEM ,XRD和AES等技术研究了复合薄膜的表面特征。以光催化降解甲基橙溶液为模型反应 ,表征薄膜的光催化活性。结果表明 :体相掺铁时 ,薄膜的最佳n(Fe) /n(Ti)为 0 .12 %;表面掺铁时 ,薄膜的最佳n(Fe) /n(Ti)为 1.5 %。表面掺铁薄膜的最佳光催化表观速率常数比体相掺铁的最佳值要高 1.5倍。并从载流子分离效率等方面进行了机理探讨。     

Hydrophilic property of SiO2-TiO2 overlayer films and TiO2／SiO2 mixing films

The photo-induced hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films prepared by sol-gel method was investigated by means of soak angle measurement, XPS, UV-VIS and FTIR spectra. The results show that, compared with the TiO2 film without SiO2 overlayer, when the TiO2 film is thoroughly covered by SiO2 overlayer, the hydrophilicity and the sustained effect are enhanced. It is found that the significant growth of the OH- group occurs in the surface of SiO2 overlayer. The different mechanism of enhanced hydrophilicity between SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films and TiO2/SiO2 mixing films was analyzed. The result suggests that the photo-generated electrons created in the interface between TiO2 and SiO2 tend to reduce the Ti(Ⅳ) cation to the Ti( Ⅲ ) state, and the photogenerated holes transmit through the SiO2 layer to uppermost surface efficiently. Once the holes go up to the surface， they tend to make the surface hydrophilic. The stable hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer which adsorbs more stable OH groups, enhances the sustained effect, i.e. the super-hydrophilic state can be maintained for a long time in dark place.