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1.
Aligned ZnO nanowires with different lengths (1 to approximately 4 μm) have been deposited on indium titanium oxide-coated glass substrates by using the solution phase deposition method for application as a work electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). From the results, the increases in length of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires can increase adsorption of the N3 dye through ZnO nanowires to improve the short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc), respectively. However, the Jsc and Voc values of DSSC with ZnO nanowires length of 4.0 μm (4.8 mA/cm2 and 0.58 V) are smaller than those of DSSC with ZnO nanowires length of 3.0 μm (5.6 mA/cm2 and 0.62 V). It could be due to the increased length of ZnO nanowires also resulted in a decrease in the transmittance of ZnO nanowires thus reducing the incident light intensity on the N3 dye. Optimum power conversion efficiency (η) of 1.49% was obtained in a DSSC with the ZnO nanowires length of 3 μm. 相似文献
2.
Kook Joo Moon Sun Woo Lee Yong Hun Lee Ji Hoon Kim Ji Young Ahn Seung Jun Lee Deug Woo Lee Soo Hyung Kim 《Nanoscale research letters》2013,8(1):283
TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with a size of 240 nm (T240), used as a light-scattering layer, were applied on 25-nm-sized TiO2 NPs (T25) that were used as a dye-absorbing layer in the photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In addition, the incident light was concentrated via a condenser lens, and the effect of light concentration on the capacity of the light-scattering layer was systematically investigated. At the optimized focal length of the condenser lens, T25/T240 double layer (DL)-based DSSCs with the photoactive area of 0.36 cm2 were found to have the short circuit current (Isc) of 11.92 mA, the open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.74 V, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of approximately 4.11%, which is significantly improved when they were compared to the T25 single layer (SL)-based DSSCs without using a solar concentrator (the corresponding values were the Isc of 2.53 mA, the Voc of 0.69, and the PCE of 3.57%). Thus, the use of the optimized light harvesting structure in the photoelectrodes of DSSCs in conjunction with light concentration was found to significantly enhance the power output of DSSCs. 相似文献
3.
Zhengji Zhou Shengjie Yuan Junqi Fan Zeliang Hou Wenhui Zhou Zuliang Du Sixin Wu 《Nanoscale research letters》2012,7(1):652
CuInS2 quantum dots (QDs) were deposited onto TiO2 nanorod arrays for different cycles by using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The effect of SILAR cycles on the light absorption and photoelectrochemical properties of the sensitized photoelectrodes was studied. With optimization of CuInS2 SILAR cycles and introduction of In2S3 buffer layer, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells assembled with 3-μm thick TiO2 nanorod film exhibited a short-circuit current density (Isc) of 4.51 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.56 V, a fill factor (FF) of 0.41, and a power conversion efficiency (η) of 1.06%, respectively. This study indicates that SILAR process is a very promising strategy for preparing directly anchored semiconductor QDs on TiO2 nanorod surface in a straightforward but controllable way without any complicated fabrication procedures and introduction of a linker molecule. 相似文献
4.
A TiO2 dye-sensitised solar cell (DSSC) is fabricated and characterised using: X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron diffraction X-ray (EDX) analysis, UV–vis spectrometry and a current?voltage (I?V) test. Thicker anatase TiO2 gives rise to better crystallinity and subsequently leads to better cell efficiency. Mesoporous TiO2 with a suitable, average pore size results in higher conversion efficiency. Smaller particle sizes lead to higher dye uptake and increase short circuit current density, Jsc. Addition of scattering layer and/or dual TiCl4 treatment for DSSCs having optimum thickness enhanced their performance. A DSSC having double TiO2 layers (20 nm+50 nm) with dual TiCl4 treatment achieved the highest conversion efficiency of 9.78%. 相似文献
5.
Sun Lae Kim Song-Rim Jang R. Vittal Jiwon Lee Kang-Jin Kim 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2006,36(12):1433-1439
The beneficial influence of incorporation of acid-treated and rutile TiO2 (r-TiO2)-modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in TiO2 films on photocurrent–voltage characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was studied. Two different routes were adopted for the modification of acid-treated MWNTs (a-MWNTs) with r-TiO2. The films and MWNTs were characterized by electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. In the case of incorporation of a-MWNTs with r-TiO2 modification, short-circuit photocurrent (J
sc) of the pertinent DSSC increased by 35% compared with that of a cell with bare TiO2 film. The open-circuit voltage remained almost the same for all cases. The enhanced J
sc is explained by the increased surface area of the film, enhanced cluster formation of TiO2 particles around a-MWNTs, and improved interconnectivity of TiO2 particles in the presence of a-MWNTs. 相似文献
6.
Hwa-Young Yang Ana Chuquer Seung-Hee Han Gangasagar Sharma Gaudel Xuan-Hung Pham Hyung-Mo Kim Won-Ju Yun Bong-Hyun Jun Won-Yeop Rho 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(22)
The energy conversion efficiency (ECE) (), current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (ff) of perovskite solar cells were studied by using the transmittance of a nanopatterned mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2) thin-film layer. To improve the ECE of perovskite solar cells, a mp-TiO2 thin-film layer was prepared to be used as an electron transport layer (ETL) via the nanoimprinting method for nanopatterning, which was controlled by the aspect ratio. The nanopatterned mp-TiO2 thin-film layer had a uniform and well-designed structure, and the diameter of nanopatterning was 280 nm. The aspect ratio was controlled at the depths of 75, 97, 127, and 167 nm, and the perovskite solar cell was fabricated with different depths. The ECE of the perovskite solar cells with the nanopatterned mp-TiO2 thin-film layer was 14.50%, 15.30%, 15.83%, or 14.24%, which is higher than that of a non-nanopatterned mp-TiO2 thin-film layer (14.07%). The enhancement of ECE was attributed to the transmittance of the nanopatterned mp-TiO2 thin-film layer that is due to the improvement of the electron generation. As a result, better electron generation affected the electron density, and Jsc increased the Voc, and ff of perovskite solar cells. 相似文献
7.
Sheng-Qiang Fan Baizeng Fang Hyunbong Choi Chulwoo Kim Jeum-Jong Kim 《Electrochimica acta》2010,55(15):4642-8911
In tandem-structured dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) composed of two parallel-connected sub-cells, the photovoltage (Voc) generated by the back sub-cell is usually rather low, resulting in low Voc and conversion efficiency (η) of the tandem cell. To solve this issue, two simple but very efficient strategies, namely, the filling of Li+-absent electrolyte and/or coating Al2O3 on TiO2 electrode surface in the back sub-cell, were explored to enhance the Voc of the back sub-cell and hence that of the tandem cell. The former strategy was expected to heighten the energy level of TiO2 conduction band, and the latter one to retard the charge recombination. The photovoltaic performance measurements reveal that in the both cases, although there was a slight decrease in the photocurrent (Jsc), an obvious rise in the Voc was achieved for the tandem cells, leading to significant improvements in η of the tandem cells. Compared to the individual organic dye-sensitized solar cell (the highest η is 7.58%), the tandem cell with two organic dyes having complementary absorption spectra demonstrates an improved efficiency of up to 8.33% by a combinational application of Li+-absent electrolyte and Al2O3 overcoat. The results presented in this study highlight that the efficiency of a parallel-connected tandem-structured DSSC can be improved significantly through enhancing the photovoltage of the back sub-cell, which is first time reported. 相似文献
8.
TiO2 micro-flowers were made to bloom on Ti foil by the anodic oxidation of Ti-protruding dots with a cylindrical shape. Arrays of the Ti-protruding dots were prepared by photolithography, which consisted of coating the photoresists, attaching a patterned mask, illuminating with UV light, etching the Ti surface by reactive ion etching (RIE), and stripping the photoresist on the Ti foil. The procedure for the blooming of the TiO2 micro-flowers was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) as the anodizing time was increased. Photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were fabricated using TiO2 micro-flowers. Bare TiO2 nanotube arrays were used for reference samples. The short-circuit current (Jsc) and the power conversion efficiency of the DSCs based on the TiO2 micro-flowers were 4.340 mA/cm2 and 1.517%, respectively. These values of DSCs based on TiO2 micro-flowers were higher than those of bare samples. The TiO2 micro-flowers had a larger surface area for dye adsorption compared to bare TiO2 nanotube arrays, resulting in improved Jsc characteristics. The structure of the TiO2 micro-flowers allowed it to adsorb dyes very effectively, also demonstrating the potential to achieve higher power conversion efficiency levels for DSCs compared to a bare TiO2 nanotube array structure and the conventional TiO2 nanoparticle structure. 相似文献
9.
Jenn Kai Tsai Wen Dung Hsu Tian Chiuan Wu Teen Hang Meen Wen Jie Chong 《Nanoscale research letters》2013,8(1):459
In this study, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as photoanode. Photoanode thin films were prepared by doctor blading method with 420 kg/cm2 of mechanical compression process and heat treatment in the air at 500°C for 30 min. The optimal thickness of the TiO2 NP photoanode is 26.6 μm with an efficiency of 9.01% under AM 1.5G illumination at 100 mW/cm2. The efficiency is around two times higher than that of conventional DSSCs with an uncompressed photoanode. The open-circuit voltage of DSSCs decreases as the thickness increases. One DSSC (sample D) has the highest conversion efficiency while it has the maximum short-circuit current density. The results indicate that the short-circuit current density is a compromise between two conflict factors: enlargement of the surface area by increasing photoanode thickness and extension of the electron diffusion length to the electrode as the thickness increases. 相似文献
10.
This paper reports on the microstructure of anodic titanium oxide (TiO2) and its use in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device. When voltages of 60 V were applied to titanium foil for 2 hr under 0.25 wt% NH4F+ 2 vol% H2O+C2H4(OH)2, TiO2 with a nanotube structure was formed. The film, which had a large surface area, was used as an electron transport film in the DSSC. The DSSC device had a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 12.52 mA cm−2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.65, an open-voltage (Voc) of 0.77 V, and a photocurrent efficiency of 6.3% under 100% AM 1.5 light. The internal impedance values under 100%, 64%, 11%, and 0% (dark) AM 1.5 light intensities were measured and simulated using the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The impedance characteristics of the DSSC device were simulated using inductors, resistors, and capacitors. The Ti/TiO2, TiO2/Electrolyte, electrolyte, and electrolyte/(Pt/ITO) interfaces were simulated using an RC parallel circuit, and the bulk materials, such as the Ti, ITO and conducting wire, were simulated using a series of resistors and inductors. The impedance of the bulk materials was simulated using L0+R0+Rb, the impedance of the working electrode was simulated using (C1//R1)//(Ra+(C2//R2), the electrolyte was simulated using C3//R3, and the counter electrode was simulated using C4//R4. 相似文献
11.
M. A. K. L. Dissanayake C. A. Thotawatthage G. K. R. Senadeera T. M. W. J. Bandara W. J. M. J. S. R. Jayasundara B.-E. Mellander 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2013,43(9):891-901
The effect of using a binary iodide salt mixture in N719 dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells (DSSCs) is investigated. The cells use tetrapropylammonium iodide (Pr4NI) and magnesium iodide (MgI2) in a plasticized polyacrylonitrile gel in glass/FTO/nano-porous TiO2/gel, I2/Pt/FTO/glass solar cell structure. The salt composition in the gel electrolyte is varied to optimize the efficiency of DSSCs. The DSSCs with MgI2 or Pr4NI as the only iodide salt showed the efficiencies 2.56 and 4.16 %, respectively, under AM 1.5 (100 mW cm?2) illumination while the DSSC with mixed cations with 18.4:81.6 MgI2:Pr4NI molar ratio shows the highest efficiency of 5.18 %. Thus the efficiency enhancement, relative to the high efficiency end member is about 25 %. DC polarization measurements establish the predominantly ionic behavior of the electrolytes, and show that the variation of efficiency with salt composition correlates with the change in short circuit photocurrent density (J sc), which appears to be governed by the iodide ion conductivity. It is also found that J sc correlates with the iodide ion transference number estimated from DC polarization data taken with non-blocking iodine electrodes. This study suggests that binary iodide mixtures may be used to obtain efficiency enhancement in different types of DSSCs based on polymeric, gel, or solvent electrolytes. 相似文献
12.
In this work, we report the structural, morphological, and optical properties of TiO2 thin films synthesized by the electro phoretic deposition technique. The TiO2 film was formed on a doped fluorine tin oxide (SnO2:F, i.e., FTO) layer and used as a photo electrode in a dye solar cell (DSC). Using spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements in the 200 to 800 nm wavelengths domain, we obtain a thickness of the TiO2 film in the range of 70 to 80 nm. Characterizations by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show a polycrystalline film. In addition, AFM investigation shows no cracks in the formed layer. Using an ultraviolet–visible near-infrared spectrophotometer, we found that the transmittance of the TiO2 film in the visible domain reaches 75%. From the measured current–voltage or I-V characteristic under AM1.5 illumination of the formed DSC, we obtain an open circuit voltage Voc = 628 mV and a short circuit current Isc = 22.6 μA, where the surface of the formed cell is 3.14 cm2. 相似文献
13.
Jun Hyuk Yang Kyung Hwan Kim Chung Wung Bark Hyung Wook Choi 《Nanoscale research letters》2014,9(1):671
TiO2 nanotube arrays are very attractive for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) owing to their superior charge percolation and slower charge recombination. Highly ordered, vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays have been fabricated by a three-step anodization process. Although the use of a one-dimensional structure provides an enhanced photoelectrical performance, the smaller surface area reduces the adsorption of dye on the TiO2 surface. To overcome this problem, we investigated the effect of DSSCs constructed with a multilayer photoelectrode made of TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotube arrays. We fabricated the novel multilayer photoelectrode via a layer-by-layer assembly process and thoroughly investigated the effect of various structures on the sample efficiency. The DSSC with a four-layer photoelectrode exhibited a maximum conversion efficiency of 7.22% because of effective electron transport and enhanced adsorption of dye on the TiO2 surface. 相似文献
14.
Meet A. Moradiya Ankita Dangodara Jay Pala Chirag R. Savaliya Davit Dhruv V.R. Rathod 《分离科学与技术》2019,54(2):207-212
We have studied the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells by employing natural dye “anthocyanins” extracted from the tomato slurry as a sensitizer for the TiO2/CuO photoanode. The extracts were anchored on TiO2/CuO films deposited on an ITO substrate which was used as a photoanode. The dye adsorbed TiO2/CuO films electrode, the copper plate as a counter electrode, and iodolyte as an electrolyte were assembled into DSSCs. The conversion efficiency of the DSSCs was found to be 2.96% with a VOC of 0.615 V, JSC of 6.6 mA/cm2, and an FF of 0.73. This work highlights the use of contribution of the tomato slurry as a natural sensitizer to enhance the efficiency of DSSCs. 相似文献
15.
ClO4−-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/TiO2/FTO (ClO4−-PEDOT/TiO2/FTO) counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is fabricated by using an electrochemical deposition method. Comparing with the DSSCs with ClO4−-PEDOT/FTO counter electrode, the photocurrent-voltage (I-V) measurement reveals that the photocurrent conversion efficiency (η), fill factor (FF) and short-circuit current density (JSC) of DSSCs with a ClO4−-PEDOT/TiO2/FTO CE increase. The enhanced performances of the DSSCs are attributed to the higher JSC arising from the increase of active surface area of ClO4−-PEDOT/TiO2/FTO CE. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) also indicate that the charge-transfer resistance on the ClO4−-PEDOT/electrolyte interface decreases. Cyclic voltammetry results indicate that the ClO4−-PEDOT/TiO2/FTO electrode shows higher activity towards I3−/I− redox reaction than that of ClO4−-PEDOT/FTO electrode. 相似文献
16.
Photoelectrochemical decomposition of bio-related compounds such as amino acids was investigated with a biophotochemical cell comprising a mesoporous TiO2 thin film photoanode and an O2-reducing cathode. It was concluded that a kind of Schottky junction formed at the surface of the TiO2 (called as liquid junction) induced the photodecomposition followed by generation of photocurrent/photovoltage. Complete photodecomposition was investigated by the CO2 formation yield. The photocurrent-photovoltage (J-V) characteristics of amino acids and other typical bio-related compounds were investigated, and the short circuit photocurrent (Jsc), open circuit photovoltage (Voc), and Fill factor (ff) were exhibited. Effect of pH on the photodecomposition of phenylalanine and cysteine were studied; for cysteine alkaline conditions gave a high efficiency, which was interpreted by the high electron-donating ability of the dissociated -S− group. The incident light-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of cysteine was 25% at 350 nm. It was for the first time shown that organic acids gave high internal quantum efficiency (η′) over 8 (=800%) in the photodecomposition; for oxalic acid it was 9.3 (=930%) and for butyric acid 8.2. The alternating current impedance spectroscopy of glycine showed that the cell performance is determined by the chemical reactions at TiO2 or Pt electrodes. 相似文献
17.
M.N. An’amt S. Radiman N.M. Huang M.A. Yarmo N.P. Ariyanto H.N. Lim M.R. Muhamad 《Ceramics International》2010,36(7):2215-2220
Bismuth–TiO2 nanocubes were synthesized via a facile sol–gel hydrothermal method with titanium tetraisopropoxide as the precursor. The influence of the bismuth on the size, morphology, crystallinity and optical behavior of TiO2 nanocubes were investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). Photovoltaic behavior of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated using Bi–TiO2 nanocubes was studied. The DSSCs had an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 590 mV, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 7.71 mA/cm2, and the conversion efficiency (η) of 2.11% under AM 1.5 illumination, a 77% increment as compared to pure TiO2 nanocubes. 相似文献
18.
Jae-Yup Kim Junyoung Shin Donghwan Kim Yung-Eun Sung Min Jae Ko 《Israel journal of chemistry》2015,55(9):1034-1040
Vertically aligned long TiO2 nanotube (NT) electrodes with optimized structures for photovoltaic application were prepared by a two-step anodization method. The structures of the conventional TiO2 NT electrodes prepared by one-step anodization became severely bundled and disordered for tube lengths exceeding 20 μm. On the other hand, two-step anodization resulted in uniform and bundle-free TiO2 NT electrodes, with tube lengths of up to 38 μm. When used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as photoanodes, the two-step TiO2 NT electrodes exhibited enhanced short-circuit current density (Jsc) with increasing tube length, owing to an increased roughness factor, which resulted in high dye loading. However, the dark current and open-circuit voltage decay (OCVD) curves confirmed that the electron recombination rate increased, and the electron lifetime decreased, with increasing tube length. This reduced electron lifetime resulted in sharp reductions in the open-circuit voltage (Voc) with increasing tube length. Owing to the trade-off between the enhanced current density and the reduced electron lifetime, an optimal conversion efficiency of 4.56 % was obtained for a tube length of 29 μm. 相似文献
19.
Teen Hang Meen Jenn Kai Tsai Yu Shin Tu Tian Chiuan Wu Wen Dung Hsu Shoou-Jinn Chang 《Nanoscale research letters》2014,9(1):523
In this study, the P25 titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle (NP) thin film was coated on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate by a doctor blade method. The film then compressed mechanically to be the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Various compression pressures on TiO2 NP film were tested to optimize the performance of DSSCs. The mechanical compression reduces TiO2 inter-particle distance improving the electron transport efficiency. The UV–vis spectrophotometer and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to quantify the light-harvesting efficiency and the charge transport impedance at various interfaces in DSSC, respectively. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency was also monitored. The results show that when the DSSC fabricated by the TiO2 NP thin film compressed at pressure of 279 kg/cm2, the minimum resistance of 9.38 Ω at dye/TiO2 NP/electrolyte interfaces, the maximum short-circuit photocurrent density of 15.11 mA/cm2, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.94% were observed. Compared to the DSSC fabricated by the non-compression of TiO2 NP thin film, the overall conversion efficiency is improved over 19.5%. The study proves that under suitable compression pressure the performance of DSSC can be optimized. 相似文献
20.
Kun-Mu Lee Vembu Suryanarayanan K.R. Justin Thomas Kuo-Chuan Ho 《Electrochimica acta》2009,54(16):4123-3321
The photoelectrochemical properties of a high molar extinction coefficient charge transfer organic dye containing thienylfluorene segment called FL, and the effect of incorporating TiO2 nanotube (TiNT) in TiO2 nanoparticle film along with the above dye on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated. The influence of soaking time of the TiO2 electrode in dye solution and the effect of varying its concentration, on the solar cell efficiency was also studied. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis revealed the linear relationship between the anodic peak current and the scan rate, indicating a surface-confined diffusion process.The surface morphology of TiNT was characterized using SEM, TEM and XRD. The open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the DSSC increased with the increase in the wt% of TiNT and shows optimal value at about 5 wt%, which is correlated with the suppression of the electron recombination as found out from the electron lifetime studies.The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was employed to quantify the charge transport resistance (Rct) and electron lifetime under different ratios of the TiNT/nanoparticle. The electron lifetimes of the DSSCs based on FL and N3 dye were very close to one another and the DSSC based on the FL showed respectable photovoltaic performance of ca. 7.8% under the light intensity of 100 mW cm−2 (AM 1.5G). 相似文献