基于AEMSim的掘进机液压系统参数优化分析

针对掘进机液压系统平衡阀参数设置对掘进机升降运动的稳定性有重要影响的现状,利用AMESim建立了截割部升降运动液压回路负载敏感泵、比例多路阀、平衡阀、截割部升降运动机构仿真模型。采用AMESim优化分析工具,将平衡阀开启压力作为输入参数,将与截割部运动相关的液压缸运动速度和流量作为输出参数,定义最小速度、稳态速度波动、流量误差为复合输出参数,通过设计优化方法得到了最佳平衡阀开启压力设定值。     

基于AMESim的液压平衡阀动态特性

在AMESim液压系统仿真软件中建立了液压平衡阀的模型,并根据实际参数搭建了液压平衡回路的系统模型。对几种典型工况下平衡阀的动态特性进行仿真,得出不同主阀芯节流槽结构下平衡阀主阀芯的速度响应曲线、位移响应曲线、主阀流量响应曲线、主阀口压力响应曲线、液压缸速度响应曲线,对仿真结果进行对比分析,得出主阀芯节流槽结构对液压平衡阀动态特性的影响。     

某型平衡阀流量特性改进研究

在某大吨位起竖回收液压系统中,采用四级液压缸作为起竖回收的执行机构,多级液压缸在换级时因面积突变会产生冲击现象。由于该多级缸的反腔无节流缓冲结构,因此采用控制平衡阀阀口节流的方法来减速实现缓解冲击,平衡阀在节流时的流量特性直接影响到系统回收的稳定性。通过理论计算及AMESim仿真分析,提出一种多面积梯度的主阀芯结构,实现了主阀芯在一定压力范围内稳定的开启面积,解决了压力、温漂对主阀芯开启的影响。经单机及系统试验验证正确,消除了平衡阀开启不一致的问题,保证了平衡阀量产的状态一致性,有效提高了平衡阀对系统特性变化的容错能力。     

掘进机负载敏感系统油缸速比与回油背压关系的分析

现在掘进机普遍采用负载敏感液压系统控制,负载敏感系统通常采用压力补偿器进行压力补偿,使换向阀节流点前后压差保持恒定,并始终等于压力补偿器弹簧设定压力.油缸是掘进机主要执行元件,油缸设计中速比的选择直接影响到系统回油背压和活塞杆稳定性.文中从液压系统流量连续性方程入手,忽略一些对精度影响不大的次要因素,获得系统简化模型,从而得到在负载敏感系统中油缸速比与回油背压的函数关系.     

进出口独立控制的装载机摇臂液压系统研究

传统的液压装载机常采用单阀芯多路阀来控制执行器的运动,存在进出油口同时节流、节流损失大等不足,特别是对于装载机的摇臂液压缸,其外负载变化频繁且作业工况复杂,使用传统的多路阀控制效果不太理想。针对以上问题,提出一种可用于装载机摇臂液压系统的进出口独立控制策略。利用SimulationX仿真软件建立原装载机机液联合仿真模型,并通过试验验证了所建立装载模型的准确性。在原模型的基础上构建了进出口独立控制的装载机摇臂液压系统,对改进后的摇臂液压系统进行仿真研究。结果表明:新系统的控制方式在能量利用和效率方面更具优势。     

带有三角形节流槽的支架换向阀工作性能分析

现有支架换向阀仅可完成支架供液"通"与"断"的开关型控制功能,为解决由此诱发的支架液压系统内压力冲击剧烈问题,提出在主阀芯布置三角形非全周开口节流槽的换向阀改进设计方案。推导出三角形阀口节流面积计算公式,基于AMESim软件搭建了阀芯带有三角形节流槽的液压换向阀模型,进行了原始换向阀与改进换向阀工作性能的对比研究。仿真结果表明:主阀芯增设三角形节流槽后实现了换向阀阀口过流面积的变梯度分段增大,即在阀芯开度小于8 mm时,阀口通流面积平均梯度为5.5 mm~2/mm,在阀芯开度大于8 mm时,这一梯度数值增大至92 mm~2/mm;阀口通流流量与阀口工作压力同样可实现分段变梯度增大,由此可实现后续液压执行机构的平稳启动,并有效缓解液压系统内的压力冲击。该方法可为液压支架大流量换向阀比例化改进设计提供参考。     

比例换向阀压降的计算方法和阀通径选择

阐明了比例换向阀进排油双重可变节流的工作特点,及由此产生的阀通径选择与阀在系统中工作时的阀口压降相关的特殊性;研究了不同的阀口面积比例、不同进油方向和不同负载性质下的阀口压降计算方法;推导出了工程实用的简明计算公式,并提出了保证较高控制精度的阀通径选择方法.     

解决溢流阀控制腔压力不稳定措施

在图1所示系统中,液压泵为定量泵,三位四通换向阀中位机能为Y型,在三位四通换向阀回到中位时,液压缸不工作。系统卸荷是由先导式溢流阀与二位二通电磁阀组成的卸荷回路,这时可将远程控制口通过小型电磁阀与油箱接通,当电磁铁断电时,二位二通电磁阀的通路被切断,系统正常工作;当电磁铁通电时,二位二通电磁阀被接通,于是溢流阀主阀芯上部的压力接近于零,阀芯向上抬到最高位置,由于阀芯上部弹簧较软,所以这时压力油口的压力很低,溢流阀便使整个系统在低压下卸荷。但是,当液压系统安装完毕,进行调试时,系统发生剧烈的振动和噪声。经检测发现,振…     

负载敏感多路阀LS卸荷油路特性分析

负载敏感液压系统中,为防止多路阀处于中位时LS反馈油路困油导致系统憋压,通常需对多路阀处于中位时的LS反馈油路进行回油卸荷。分析4种不同负载敏感多路阀及系统LS中位卸荷油路的工作原理及特性。并以起重机卷扬起升系统为研究对象,理论分析了LS反馈油路为固定阻尼孔卸荷形式的多路阀负载敏感系统流量和压力特性,并进行了仿真和试验验证。     

挖掘机行走马达正反向输出扭矩一致性技术研究

针对某型号挖掘机液压行走马达正反向输出扭矩不一致问题展开研究,分析得出马达正反向输出扭矩不一致的主要原因为马达正反向进出口压差偏差大,而导致压差偏差大的主要因素为马达正反向回油平衡阀阀口尺寸公差的不一致性。建立马达平衡阀阀口尺寸链模型,分析平衡阀阀芯、弹簧座、平衡阀阀头及端盖割槽尺寸公差对平衡阀阀口尺寸公差的影响。通过CFD仿真及阀口各组成环尺寸链优化设计,结合零部件实际加工难度进行公差分配,使马达回油平衡阀阀口尺寸保持在0.5~0.7 mm,从而缩小马达背压变化范围。试验结果表明：优化后的马达平衡阀口尺寸公差使马达进出口压差保持一致,从而保证了马达正反向输出扭矩的一致性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。