电磁搅拌参数对半固态AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

利用自制的电磁搅拌装置和淬火技术,主要研究了电磁搅拌频率为50Hz下的搅拌参数对连续冷却条件下AZ91D镁合金组织的影响规律.在本试验条件下,当电磁搅拌频率小于50 Hz时,随着电磁搅拌频率的升高,半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料组织中的球状初生α-Mg越来越多,其形态更加圆整、分布更趋均匀;当电磁搅拌频率达到或高于50 Hz时,半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料的组织比较理想.当电磁搅拌功率增大时,半固态AZ91D镁合金熔体中的蔷薇状初生α-Mg会受到更加强烈的附加温度起伏,促使蔷薇状初生α-Mg枝晶臂根部的熔断,形成越来越多的球状初生α-Mg,而且初生α-Mg越来越圆整.在电磁搅拌制备半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料时,较低的冷却速率有利获得较理想的半固态组织.     

电磁搅拌参数对半固态AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

利用自制的电磁搅拌装置和淬火技术,主要研究了电磁搅拌频率为50Hz下的搅拌参数对连续冷却条件下AZ91D镁合金组织的影响规律.在该试验条件下,当电磁搅拌频率小于50Hz时,随着电磁搅拌频率的升高,半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料组织中的球状初生α-Mg越来越多,其形态更加圆整,分布更趋均匀;当电磁搅拌频率达到或高于50Hz时,半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料的组织比较理想.当电磁搅拌功率增大时,半固态AZ91D镁合金熔体中的蔷薇状初生α-Mg会受到更加强烈的附加温度起伏,促使蔷薇状初生α-Mg枝晶臂根部的熔断,形成越来越多的球状初生α-Mg,而且初生α-Mg越来越圆整.在电磁搅拌制备半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料时,较低的冷却速率有利于获得较理想的半固态组织.     

电磁搅拌对半固态AlSi7Mg合金初生α—Al的影响规律

研究了ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ合金半固态等温电磁搅拌过程和连续降温电磁搅拌合金熔体的温度分布。结果表明；在电磁搅拌条件腑氏温度梯度下，可增加初生α－Ａｌ一次臂的长大失去方向优先性，并使一次臂生长速度减慢，二次的长大速度与一次臂的长大速度相迫使ｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ合金出现薇状初生α－Ａｌ。     

电磁搅拌下半固态AZ91D镁合金的组织形成

利用电磁搅拌装置、合金熔体淬火方法和EBSD位相显微分析技术,在不同的搅拌功率下,研究了电磁搅拌对半固态AZ91D镁合金微观组织的作用.结果表明,在电磁搅拌条件下凝固,AZ91D镁合金组织中的初生α-Mg得到明显细化,初生α-Mg转变为细小的蔷薇状或球状,EBSD检测表明这些球状初生α-Mg晶粒在空间上大多属于不同的晶粒;电磁搅拌功率是重要的制备参数,搅拌功率越大,半固态AZ91D镁合金组织中的蔷薇状初生α-Mg越少,而球状初生α-Mg越多,晶粒也越细小;在电磁搅拌条件下,AZ91D镁合金熔体的激烈流动导致了较为均匀的温度场和溶质场,也导致了更加剧烈的温度起伏,这些现象导致了半固态AZ91D镁合金组织的形成.     

半固态A356铝合金浆料的行波搅拌制备工艺

采用行波电磁搅拌和低过热度浇注复合制备工艺,成功制备出初生α-Al为球状的较大尺寸A356铝合金半固态浆料.研究了浇注温度、搅拌频率和搅拌功率对A356铝合金半固态浆料组织的影响.结果表明,随着浇注温度的降低,半固态A356铝合金组织中的初生α-Al更圆整.当搅拌频率达到或高于10Hz时,半固态A356铝合金浆料中的组织比较理想.当电磁搅拌功率增大时,半固态A356铝合金熔体中的蔷薇状初生α-Al受到更剧烈的附加温度起伏而使枝晶根部熔断,形成更多更圆整的球状初生相.因此,在630℃浇注、搅拌频率为10Hz和搅拌功率为1.72kW下,能制备出更圆整、细小的初生α-Al.     

ZL101A铝合金半固态连铸坯料的组织和力学性能

用电磁搅拌水平连铸设备制备ＺＬ１０１Ａ铝合金半固态连铸坯料，获得了两种非种非树枝晶组织，一种是初晶α－Ａｌ呈短棒状的组织；另一种是初晶α－Ａｌ呈短棒状和等轴状的混合组织。对短棒状组织连铸坯料进行Ｔ６热处理及力学性能测试，结果表明热处理使用σｂ和δ提高。     

非枝晶半固态ZL101合金的电磁搅拌及触变成形研究

对非枝晶半固态ＺＬ１０１合金的电磁搅拌、感应重熔和半固态触变成形研究表明：凝固过程中经电磁搅拌的ＺＬ１０１合金,初生α枝晶细化并转变为非枝晶状或蔷薇状,但不能转变成理想的球状,初生α相随凝固冷却速度的提高而更加细小;将搅拌凝固的坯料重新感应加热到半固态后,初生α相进一步圆整化且分布均匀;在一定的温度和压力下,重新加热到半固态的坯料可触变成形为铸件毛坯。     

感应加热对半固态AlSi7Mg合金连铸坯温度场和组织的影响

研究了电磁感应重熔加热对半固态ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ合金铸坯料温度场和组织的影响。结果表明：通过调整加热功率,可使半固态ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ合金连铸坯料的温度场均匀一致,保证坯料的径向温差差小于１℃;电磁感应重熔加热的兰固态ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ合金连铸坯料中的初生α（Ａｌ）组小、圆整、分布均匀,但重熔过程不能改变坯料表层组织中初生αＡ（ｌ）枝晶的基本形态。     

半固态ZL201A铝合金浆料的制备

利用低过热度浇注和弱电磁搅拌方法制备了半固态ZL201A铝合金浆料,浇注温度分别为678、663、648℃,利用光学显微镜观察了不同条件下的浆料组织。试验结果表明,随着浇注温度的降低,半固态ZL201A铝合金浆料内部组织中的初生α-Al由蔷薇状向球状转变,晶粒尺寸逐渐变小,分布更均匀。同时,浆料边缘和底部组织中的初生α-Al的形貌由粗大的枝晶向蔷薇状转变。对于半固态ZL201A铝合金浆料的制备,较佳的浇注温度为663℃。电磁搅拌均匀了ZL201A铝合金液的温度场,加大了同时凝固的区域,细化了初生α-Al晶粒;同时结晶潜热的集中释放有助于蔷薇状初生α-Al的根部熔断,加速了球状初生α-Al的形成。     

蛇形通道浇注制备半固态浆料组织的演化

采用蛇形通道浇注制备7075铝合金半固态浆料,研究了不同浇注温度下浆料组织中初生α-Al的形貌演变,通过残留在蛇形通道内部的凝固壳分析了蛇形通道内部合金熔体的形核动力学条件,自由晶的形成、长大与球化机理。结果表明:自由晶的数目决定了初生α-Al的形态,随着浇注温度降低,过冷度的增大,浆料组织中的初生α-Al的形貌由蔷薇状向近球状转变,晶粒尺寸逐渐变小,晶粒数目增多;蛇形通道内过冷的合金熔体经过弯道的作用,熔体内部的对流、剪切和"搅拌"使初生激冷α-Al晶核经过游离、增殖、长大和熟化,最后演变成近球状和蔷薇状的α-Al晶粒;球状初生α-Al晶粒的演变机制主要为枝晶抑制生长机制,也包括枝晶臂根部熔断机制。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。