镧掺杂钙锰氧体/聚吡咯复合物的制备、表征及其电化学性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法和溶液原位复合技术分别制备了镧掺杂钙锰氧体(La_{1- x} Ca_x Mn_{0. 7}Co_{0. 3}O₃, x = 1. 0, 0. 9, 0. 8 , 0. 7, 0.6) 粉末及其聚吡咯( PPy) 相对质量分数为60 %和80 %的钙锰氧体/ 聚吡咯复合物微粒La_{0. 3}Ca_0.7Mn_{0. 7}Co_{0. 3}O₃/PPy。借助FTIR、XRD、SEM 和电化学测试等分析手段表征了钙锰氧体粉末及其复合材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能。结果表明, 复合材料中包覆的聚吡咯外层和复合氧化物之间存在相互作用, PPy 减少了纳米颗粒的团聚现象,La_{0. 3}Ca_0.7Mn_{0. 7}Co_{0. 3}O₃和La_{0. 3}Ca_0.7Mn_0.7Co_{0. 3}O₃/PPy的粒径分别为46. 2 nm 和43. 5 nm , 并且复合物的氧化还原峰电流随吡咯含量的增加而变大。      

聚吡咯/凹凸棒石水性导电涂料的制备

用吡咯单体(Py)在凹凸棒石(ATP)的表面发生原位聚合反应,制备出聚吡咯/凹凸棒石(PPy/ATP)纳米导电复合材料.通过Fourier红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对复合材料进行表征,结果表明聚吡咯的包覆没有破坏凹凸棒石的晶体结构,两者之间作用仅为物理作用.以PPy/ATP为填料制备的水性丙烯酸涂料导电性高于以PPy为填料制备的水性丙烯酸涂料,并通过SEM研究了涂层的导电机理,表明PPy/ATP在导电涂料中具有更为广阔的应用前景.     

聚吡咯/SnO2复合材料气敏性能研究

采用化学氧化聚合法合成了聚吡咯(PPy),并通过机械共混法制备了PPy/SnO2/PVA复合薄膜材料,研究其在室温下对乙醇和丙酮气体的敏感性。结果表明:PPy/SnO2/PVA材料随着SnO2的增加表现出较好的选择性,响应和恢复时间缩短,灵敏度下降。当SnO2为40%时,PPy/SnO2/PVA对乙醇气体响应时间比PPy/PVA缩短了65%,恢复时间缩短了68%,而灵敏度下降了39%,材料的稳定性得到提高。PPy/SnO2/PVA复合材料在乙醇和丙酮气体中显示出不同的气敏性和响应恢复时间,但灵敏度相差不大。膜厚易导致材料灵敏度降低和响应、恢复时间变长。此外,该类气敏复合材料具有良好的重复性、稳定性。     

TiN/聚吡咯纳米复合材料的制备及表征

采用氨解法制备了纳米氮化钛(TiN)粉体,对纳米TiN粉体进行表面改性,使其均匀分散到吡咯单体中.采用原位聚合法制备了TiN/聚吡咯(PPy)纳米复合材料.对合成的复合材料用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、四探针测试仪等方法进行了表征与检测.结果表明:PPy成功地包覆在TiN纳米颗粒表面,形成了纳米TiN/PPy复合材料.复合材料具有优良的电性能.     

PPy/MWNTs/GO复合材料的制备与电化学性能研究

以吡咯为单体,多壁碳纳米管和氧化石墨烯为模板,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用原位化学聚合法制备了聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管/氧化石墨烯(PPy/MWNTs/GO)复合材料.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射谱(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安法(CV)和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)对制备复合材料的结构、微观形貌和电化学性能进行了研究,探讨了多壁碳纳米管/氧化石墨烯比例、吡咯用量对复合材料电容性能的影响.研究结果显示,PPy/MWNTs/GO复合材料具有较大的比电容和良好的循环稳定性,且具有较小的电荷转移电阻,接近于理想的超级电容器用电极材料.     

Fe3O4/ 聚吡咯复合材料的制备及表征

以化学沉淀法制备Fe₃O₄ 纳米粒子, 采用乙醇对Fe₃O₄ 纳米粒子表面进行处理, 使其表面有机化, 然后通过乳液原位复合制备Fe₃O₄ / 聚吡咯复合材料。利用TEM, XPS, 四探针测试仪和震荡磁力计对其进行表征和检测。结果表明: 经醇处理的Fe₃O₄ 纳米粒子的分散性得到明显改善, Fe₃O₄ 纳米粒子被包覆在聚吡咯层内, 包覆层厚度为10 nm 左右, 复合材料具有优良的电性能和磁性能, 电导率e= 7. 69 s/ cm～13. 6 s/ cm, 饱和磁强度M_s= 12. 06 emu/ g～24. 38 emu/ g, 矫顽力H_c= 11 Oe～41 Oe。其环境稳定性明显优于纯聚吡咯。      

聚吡咯/磷酸铁锂复合正极材料的制备与表征

采用化学氧化法, 以吡咯为单体、 三氯化铁为氧化剂、 苯磺酸钠为掺杂剂在磷酸铁锂颗粒表面进行原位聚合, 制备了聚吡咯/磷酸铁锂(PPy/LiFePO₄)复合材料。用FTIR、 XRD和SEM对PPy/LiFePO₄复合材料进行了结构与形貌表征。用电化学工作站和充放电测试系统对复合材料的电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明: PPy/LiFePO₄复合材料作锂二次电池正极具有良好的充放电循环性能。当PPy质量分数为17%, 充放电电流为0.1 mA时, PPy/LiFePO₄复合材料最高放电比容量达163 mAh·g^-1, 50次循环之后放电比容量仍为初始时的94.9%; 与LiFePO₄相比, 当PPy的含量适当时, PPy/LiFePO₄复合正极材料的放电比容量会有明显提高。PPy的加入提高了LiFePO₄的电子电导率, 从而提高了活性物质有效利用率, 因此PPy/LiFePO₄复合材料的比容量和循环性能均得到了提升。     

聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备与性能研究

以吡咯为单体、三氯化铁为氧化剂,采用反相微乳液聚合法,分别在十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液中和含有多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液中,通过化学氧化法制得了聚吡咯纳米颗粒和聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管(PPy/MWCNTs)导电复合材料。利用SEM、TEM、FT-IR、XRD和四探针电导率仪对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,当SDBS浓度为0.0120mol/L时所制备的聚吡咯纳米颗粒的电导率在1.00S/cm左右;在含有MWCNTs的SDBS溶液中,单体在SDBS的胶束内聚合,表面活性剂及其胶束吸附在MWCNTs的表面,表面活性剂的浓度和碳纳米管的用量对PPy/MWCNTs复合材料电导率的提高起到重要作用。当SDBS浓度为0.0120mol/L、MWCNTs和单体的质量比为0.20时,可获得电导率为5.68S/cm的PPy/MWCNTs纳米复合材料。     

聚吡咯/二氧化钛复合薄膜的制备及气敏性研究

运用静电力自组装和原位化学氧化聚合相结合的方法制备了聚吡咯/纳米二氧化钛(PPy/TiO₂)复合薄膜, 并进行了紫外－可见光谱分析和原子力显微镜分析. 采用平面叉指电极制备了PPy/TiO₂复合薄膜气体传感器, 研究了其在常温下对有毒气体NH₃和CO的敏感性. 最后测试了该传感器的温度湿度特性. 结果表明, 该传感器对NH₃具有较高的灵敏度, 对CO几乎没有响应. 同时讨论了复合薄膜沉积时间对气敏特性的影响, 实验表明当沉积时间为20min时, 该传感器的NH₃敏感特性最好.     

聚吡咯包覆FeCl3-石墨层间化合物的制备与电化学储钠性能

以FeCl₃和天然鳞片石墨为原料,通过融盐法制得1阶FeCl₃插层的石墨层间化合物(FeCl₃-GIC)。用原位聚合法对FeCl₃-GIC进行聚吡咯(PPy)包覆改性,形成具有核壳结构的(FeCl₃-GIC)@PPy复合材料。通过多种表征方法研究聚吡咯包覆前后FeCl₃-GIC的表面形貌和微观结构变化。结果表明:聚吡咯均匀致密地包覆在十微米级的FeCl₃-GIC颗粒外部,包覆层厚度为35 nm,经过聚吡咯包覆后(FeCl₃-GIC)@PPy的导电性能显著提高((FeCl₃-GIC)@PPy粉末电阻率2.3×10?3 Ω·cm,FeCl₃-GIC粉末电阻率3.1×10?3 Ω·cm)。采用多种电化学测试探究产物的钠离子存储特性,聚吡咯外壳能够显著提高FeCl₃-GIC作为钠离子电池负极材料的充放电容量、倍率性能和循环性能。在0.1 A·g?1电流密度下循环100次后,FeCl₃-GIC的比容量逐渐衰减到157 mA·h·g?1,而(FeCl₃-GIC)@PPy材料的比容量达到281 mA·h·g?1左右且容量基本保持不变;在电流密度1 A·g?1的条件下循环500次后,(FeCl₃-GIC)@PPy的比容量仍有181 mA·h·g?1,容量保持率约为89%。      

Nickel oxide/polypyrrole/silver nanocomposites with core/shell/shell structure: Synthesis,characterization and their electrochemical behaviour with antimicrobial activities

Magnetic and conducting Nickel oxide–polypyrrole (NiO/PPy) nanoparticles with core–shell structure were prepared in the presence of Nickel oxide (NiO) in aqueous solution containing sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant as well as dopant. A stable dispersion of silver (Ag) nanoparticles was synthesized by chemical (citrate reduction) method. NiO/PPy nanocomposites were added to the Ag colloid under stirring. Ag nanoparticles could be electrostatically attracted on the surface of NiO/PPy nanocomposites, leading to formation of NiO/PPy/Ag nanocomposites with core/shell/shell structure. The morphology, structure, particle size and composition of the products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and current–voltage (I–V) analysis. The resultant nanocomposites have the good conductivity and excellent electrochemical and catalytic properties of PPy and Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed excellent antibacterial behaviour due to the presence of Ag nanoparticles in the composite. The thermal stability of NiO–PPy as well as NiO/PPy/Ag nanocomposites was higher than that of pristine PPy. Studies of IR spectra suggest that the increased thermal stability may be due to interactions between NiO and Ag nanoparticles with the PPy backbone.     

Toxicity mechanism of carbon nanotubes on Escherichia coli

The influences of carbon nanomaterials on bacteria were investigated using three types of dispersed and functionalized carbon nanomaterials (F-CNMs), viz. functionalized carbon nanopowder (F-CNP), functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (F-SWCNTs), and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs). F-CNMs with different aspect ratios were used to study the influence of material configuration on the viability of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Although these materials were functionalized to improve their dispersibility, the original morphologies and chemical properties of the materials were maintained. Traditional bacteria quantitative plating analysis was conducted, and the results of which revealed that the F-CNP and the F-SWCNTs showed a less significant effect on the viability of E. coli, while the F-MWCNTs obviously inhibited cell viability. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a scanning electron microscopy were used to verify the functionalization of the F-CNMs and to examine the interaction of F-CNMs with E. coli, respectively; in addition, we adopted chemiluminescence assays to measure the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from the damaged cells. The results showed that the ATP of the F-MWCNTs sample is two-fold higher than that of the control, indicating direct piercing of E. coli by F-MWCNTs leads to bacteria death. Furthermore, F-SWCNTs were concluded to have less influence on the viability of E. coli because ultra-long F-SWCNTs used in this study performed less rigidity to pierce the cells.     

Mechanical,tribological and heat resistant properties of fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube/bismaleimide/cyanate resin nanocomposites

Bismaleimide containing cyanate resin(BMI/CE) pre-ploymer was used as resin matrix. Fluorinated multiwalled carbon nanotubes(F-MWCNTs) were used as fillers to prepare F-MWCNT/BMI/CE nanocomposites via a solution intercalation method. The influence of F-MWCNT content on the mechanical, tribological and heat resistant properties of the nanocomposites was investigated. The morphology of the fracture surface and the wear surface of nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Results show that the addition of F-MWCNTs is beneficial to improving the mechanical and tribological properties of the nanocomposites. It's worth noting that when the content of F-MWNTs was 0.6 wt%, the performances of nanocomposite are optimized(i.e., highest impact strength, lowest frictional coefficient and wear rate). In addition, the nanocomposites exhibit good thermal stability in comparison with BMI/CE.     

Polypyrrole/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites electropolymerized on copper substrate

Polypyrrole/multiwall carbon nanotube (PPy/MWCNT) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by electropolymerization of MWCNT-dispersed pyrrole solution on the surface of copper electrodes. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Polypyrrole structures which embraced the MWCNTs led to the formation of nanocomposite striated parallel walls. MWCNTs acted as appropriate substrates for electrodeposition of polypyrrole particulate structures and high yield synthesis of PPy was observed on them. Smooth PPy/MWCNT nanocomposite films were obtained on Cu electrodes by decreasing the potential scan rate. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that MWCNTs increased the thermal stability of polypyrrole.     

Quantitative determination of raw and functionalized carbon nanotubes for the antibacterial studies

The UV–visible spectrophotometric method has been described the study of raw carbon nanotubes (R-MWCNTs) and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) for the control of bacterial growth by using validated analytical techniques. The absorption spectra of functionalized carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) and raw carbon nanotubes (R-MWCNTs) show maximum absorbance at λ _max 600 nm. The linear relationship was found between absorbance and concentration of R-MWCNTs and F-MWCNTs in the range of 0.25–2.0 μg mL^?1. The linear regression equation was evaluated by statistical treatment of calibration data and gives the value of correlation coefficient for F-MWCNTs (0.9999) and R-MWCNTs (0.9993), which indicate excellent linearity. The Optical and regression characteristics of the proposed method were found apparent molar absorptivity, limits of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for R-MWCNTs and F-MWCNTs (5.75 × 10²: 8.25 × 10² L mol^?1 cm^?1), (0.052: 0.018 μg mL^?1), and (0.055: 0.158 μg mL^?1), respectively. The validity of the proposed method was checked by precision, accuracy, linearity, limits of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The RSD (%) and quantitative recoveries (%) were obtained (0.026–0.0086) and (100.34 and 100.71) for R-MWCNTs: for F-MWCNTs by UV–visible spectrophotometric, respectively.     

PPy/α-Fe2O3 hybrid nanocomposites: effect of CSA doping on structural, morphological, optical and electrical transport properties

Hybrid nanocomposites of camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) doped organic polypyrrole and inorganic alpha-ferric oxide (PPy/α-Fe₂O₃) have been successfully prepared using different weight percentages of CSA (10–50 %) dispersed in PPy/α-Fe₂O₃ hybrid nanocomposite by solid state synthesis method. These hybrid nanocomposites are characterized by using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infra red (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–visible spectroscopy and two probe techniques respectively. The XRD spectra revealed that the addition of CSA has no effect on crystallinity of PPy/α-Fe₂O₃ hybrid nanocomposite. The FTIR results show that, the characteristic peaks of PPy/α-Fe₂O₃ hybrid nanocomposite shift to higher wave number after addition of CSA in the PPy/α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites indicates some chemical interactions and better conjugation between CSA and PPy/α-Fe₂O₃ hybrid nanocomposites. SEM studies revealed that strong effect on morphology of PPy/α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite. The AFM analysis show uniform nano porous granular morphology. UV–visible spectroscopy studies have provided insight into the electronic interaction between the PPy, α-Fe₂O₃ and CSA. DC electrical conductivity showed a steeply increase in electrical conductivity of PPy/α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites with increase in amount of CSA from 10 to 50 %.     

TiO2-聚吡咯纳米复合材料的电化学制备及其在锂硫电池中的应用

采用电化学沉积的方法,以阳极氧化法制备的二氧化钛纳米管阵列为基底,制备出高度有序的TiO_2-聚吡咯(PPy)纳米阵列,再通过共热法,将单质硫颗粒负载到基底阵列中,得到S/PPy/TiO_2纳米阵列结构复合材料。扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能谱(EDX)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TGA)表征结果表明,TiO_2纳米管高度有序平行排列,管径约120nm,聚吡咯均匀沉积在纳米管壁上,复合材料中硫的质量分数约为61.9%。电化学测试结果表明,在0.1C电流密度下,S/PPy/TiO_2纳米复合材料首次循环比容量达1155mAh·g-1,100次循环后比容量为648.4mAh·g-1,库伦效率保持在96.8%。高容量下良好的循环稳定性能显示出S/TiO_2/PPy纳米阵列结构复合材料作为锂硫电池正极材料的优势。     

Polypyrrole-wrapped halloysite nanocomposite and its rheological response under electric fields

Conducting polypyrrole (PPy)-wrapped halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites (PPy/HNT) were prepared using an in situ polymerization process of pyrrole monomer in the presence of a HNT dispersion, and its electrorheological (ER) properties were investigated under applied electric fields. The morphology of both HNT and PPy/HNT nanocomposite was examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized PPy/HNT nanocomposites were also analyzed using a physisorption analyzer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The ER properties of the PPy/HNT nanocomposite dispersed in silicone oil measured using a rotational rheometer under different electric field strengths exhibited ER behaviors of shear stress, dynamic moduli, and relaxation modulus with a change in slope from 1.5 to 1.0.     

Electrochemical capacitance of polypyrrole nanowire prepared by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as soft template

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires were prepared in high yield by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as “soft template” in 0.2 M HCl aqueous solution. From the observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), PPy nanowires with a diameter in the range of 30–50 nm was obtained. The electrochemical capacitance of PPy nanowires was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, charge/discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Compared with conventional PPy, PPy nanowires had the higher specific capacitance and energy density. The capacitor also exhibited the good cycling performance with 1000 cycles.     

功能化碳纳米管的制备及功能化碳纳米管/尼龙6复合纤维

采用多聚磷酸(PPA)/P₂O₅弱酸体系, 通过傅克反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行功能化改性, 加入己内酰胺后采用原位聚合法制备功能化碳纳米管(F-MWCNTs)/尼龙6(PA6)复合材料, 并熔融纺丝制备复合纤维。通过TEM、TG、DSC、SEM及力学性能测试对复合纤维进行表征。结果表明: 在MWCNTs表面成功地接枝了氨基, F-MWCNTs均匀地分散在PA6基体中, 没有发生团聚现象, 并且与基体具有很好的界面作用; F-MWCNTs的加入, 对复合纤维的熔融温度和结晶度影响不大, 结晶温度有所提高, 并明显提高了复合纤维的热稳定性; 随着F-MWCNTs的加入, 复合纤维的拉伸断裂强度和杨氏模量增加, 当F-MWCNTs质量分数为0.5%时, 拉伸断裂强度和杨氏模量达到最大, 比纯PA6纤维分别提高了45%和208%。