NaCu_3Ti_3NbO_(12)和NaCu_3Ti_3SbO_(12)陶瓷的巨介电性质及NaCu_3Ti_3SbO_(12)陶瓷的低介电损耗特性

利用传统的固相反应工艺制备了NaCu3Ti3NbO12和NaCu3Ti3SbO12陶瓷,对它们的介电性质和晶格结构进行了研究。结果显示,两种陶瓷都存在低频介电常数高于7×103的巨介电行为;在室温或者更低温度下,两种陶瓷的介电频谱(40 Hz~110 MHz)的实部只出现一个介电弛豫,而更高温度下的介电频谱的实部则会有两个介电弛豫;XRD结果显示两种陶瓷中都含有少量的CuO第二相。这些实验结果能用CCTO陶瓷中的内阻挡层电容效应解释。NaCu3Ti3SbO12陶瓷的室温介电损耗在40 Hz到7 kHz的宽频率范围内低于0.05,并且其1 kHz的介电损耗在-50~80℃的宽温度范围内低于0.05,这对于实际应用有重要意义。     

电极对CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷介电性能的影响

通过研究在不同气氛(氮气和氧气),CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)陶瓷样品在一定温度下进行后处理后,不同功函数电极对其介电性质的影响,进而研究CCTO陶瓷的巨介电常数的起源问题.我们在空气中制备了CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷,发现样品表面电阻率很大,样品表面呈现绝缘态,此时不同功函数电极以及不同电极制备方法对其介电性质几乎没有影响,说明CCTO的巨介电常数是由孪晶界或半导体晶粒与绝缘晶界所产生的内部阻挡电容(IBLC)所引起.但当样品在高温氮气中后处理后,样品表面电阻率明显下降,以较大功函数的金属作为电极的样品,其介电常数有了明显的提高,而以功函数小的金属作为电极的样品,其介电常数变化不大.从而进一步说明当CCTO样品表面处于半导态,表面电极效应也是CCTO巨介电常数来源之一.     

A位复合铁电陶瓷Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5TiO3-BiCrO3的介电弛豫

采用固相反应法制备了A位复合铁电陶瓷(1-x)Bi_0.5(Na_0.82K_0.18)_0.5TiO₃-xBiCrO₃(BNKT-BCx). 研究了该陶瓷在室温至500℃温度范围内的介电性能. 结果表明该陶瓷的介电温谱存在两个介电反常峰和一个介电损耗峰, 低温介电反常峰温度附近具有明显的介电常数频率依赖性, 但居里峰随频率增加基本不变, 与典型弛豫铁电体的特征不同. 将弛豫铁电体分为本征弛豫和非本征弛豫铁电体, 通过分析极化前和极化后陶瓷的介电温谱, 发现该体系低温介电反常峰温度附近的介电频率依赖性为空间电荷和缺陷偶极子极化引起的非本征弛豫.     

纳滤膜/电解质溶液体系的低频弛豫解析——膜内各层电性质和离子渗透性

在40 Hz～10 MHz频率范围测量了纳滤膜在8种电解质溶液中的介电谱,发现了两个随电解质浓度而变化的弛豫,建立了由膜内支撑层和分离层以及溶液相构筑的三相体系介电模型,并利用严格的数值解析法计算了体系中各组成相的电参数,聚焦于10<'3>Hz左右因膜内层间界面极化而引起的低频弛豫,考察了两层电参数与电解质种类和浓度的...     

稀土氧化物Eu_2O_3掺杂对CaCu3Ti_4O_(12)陶瓷微结构及介电特性的影响

以稀土氧化物Eu_2O_3为添加剂,采用固相反应法制备了不同掺杂比例(质量比:x=0,0.2%,0.5%,1%)的CCTO陶瓷样品,利用SEM、XRD、4294A型高精密阻抗分析仪等测试手段对样品的微观结构、介电性能和交流电阻率进行了测试分析.掺杂之后样品的晶格结构并未发生改变,但是样品内部相对晶相含量和晶粒平均尺寸减小,同时掺杂阻碍了样品内部晶界处富铜相的生成;纯CCTO的XRD图谱中分别出现了CuO、TiO_2和CaCO_3杂相,掺杂样品的图谱中并未出现上述杂相;样品的介电性能与相同组分材料内部的相对晶相含量,晶粒平均尺寸和晶界处富铜相有很大关系.Eu_2O_3掺杂提高了样品介电性能的频率和温度稳定性.当掺杂量为0.2%和0.5%时,样品的介电性能得到较好改善效果.样品在低频40Hz和高频3.5MHz的交流电阻率测量结果很好的验证了Eu_2O_3掺杂导致的微结构变化对样品介电性能的影响.     

超导YBa2Cu3O7 +δ/硅橡胶复合材料的压敏与介电特性

采用YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 +δ}(简称YBCO)多晶陶瓷超导粉末与硅橡胶(110型)按不同质量比进行配料,经过特殊的制备工艺,合成不同含量的超导 YBCO/硅橡胶高分子复合材料,分别测量样品的压敏效应和介电特性。结果表明,在不同应力作用下,样品电阻值的变化范围在1～4个数量级。样品电阻值随测量温度的降低(300~50K)呈下降趋势,测量温度降到90K时,样品电阻值发生突变,但在9050K没有观察到超导零电阻现象。室温下,样品的介电常数随频率的增加(1 kHz~5 MHz)而减小,介电损耗随测量频率的增大先增大后减小。随着YBCO含量的增加,形成的超电容网络微观结构也就越多,样品的电阻逐渐减小电流加大,导致超电容中电解质的极化强度有所增加,两者共同作用的结果导致样品的介电常数、介电损耗均随着YBCO含量的增加而增大。     

纳米结构PZT铁电膜的制备及其表征

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)自旋涂敷法在硅基氧化铝纳米有序孔膜版介质上(膜版孔径尺寸20～100nm,内生长金属纳米线作为底电极一部分)制备Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3(PZT)纳米结构铁电膜,并对其介电、铁电性能及微结构进行了表征。介电测量结果表明,厚度25nm的PZT铁电膜,其介电常数在低频区域(频率104Hz)从860迅速下降到100,然后保持在100左右,直至测量频率升高到106Hz。低频区域的介电常数迅速下降是由空间电荷极化所致,它与薄膜和电极之间聚集的界面空间电荷密切相关,尤其是在薄膜与Au纳米线的弯曲界面处。介电损耗在4000Hz附近出现峰值,它来源于空间电荷的共振吸收效应。电滞回线测量结果表明,厚度为100nm的PZT铁电膜,其剩余极化强度为50μC/cm2,矫顽场强为500kV/cm。剖面透射电镜(TEM)像表明PZT纳米铁电膜与底电极(金属纳米线)直接相接触,它们之间的界面呈现一定程度的弯曲。在PZT纳米铁电薄膜后退火处理后,发现部分Au金属纳米线顶端出现分枝展宽现象;而改用Pt纳米线后可有效抑制这种现象。为兼顾氧化铝纳米有序孔膜版内的金属纳米线有序分布及PZT纳米膜的结晶度,选择合适的退火温度是制备工艺中的关键因素。     

La0.6Sr0.4FeO3中反常超声特性研究

系统研究了La0.6Sr0.4FeO3单相多晶样品在低温下的电荷输运性质和超声特性.超声测量结果表明,La0.6Sr0.4FeO3在213K附近出现了明显的声速软化,其相对变化超过5%,同时超声衰减出现一个巨大的峰值,而电阻在这个温区内却没有明显的异常发生.分析指出这是由于电-声子相互作用导致的局部电荷发生有序态转变的结果,该电-声子耦合主要起源于Fe4+的Jahn-Teller效应.     

BaNb2O6掺杂Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的介电弛豫

采用传统陶瓷制备方法,制备了无铅新压电陶瓷材料Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-xBaNb2O6.研究了BaNb2O6掺杂对(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3陶瓷晶体结构、介电性能与介电弛豫行为的影响.XRD分析表明,在所研究的组成范围内陶瓷材料均能够形成纯钙钛矿固溶体.材料的介电常数-温度曲线显示陶瓷具有两个介电反常峰Tf和Tm,修正的居里一外斯公式较好的描述了陶瓷弥散相变特征,弥散指数随BaNb2O6掺杂量的增加而增加.该体系陶瓷表现出与典型弛豫铁电体明显不同的弛豫行为,低掺杂量的陶瓷仅在低温介电反常峰Tf附近表现出明显的频率依赖性,而高掺杂的陶瓷材料在室温和Tf之间都表现出明显的频率依赖性.并根据宏畴一微畴转变理论探讨了该体系陶瓷产生介电弛豫的机理.     

高密度CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)陶瓷的介电性质

利用热压方法制备了高密度的CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷,研究了其微观结构、晶格结构和介电性质。实验发现,短时间热压方法制备的陶瓷的相对密度就能达到98.3%,并且微观结构呈现晶粒尺寸双峰分布的特点。XRD显示热压方法制备的陶瓷中含有少量的Cu2O第二相,而经过退火处理的热压陶瓷则只含有CuO第二相。热压方法制备的陶瓷和经过退火处理的热压陶瓷的室温介电频谱上有两个介电弛豫,而常规方法制备的陶瓷只有一个。并且热压方法制备的陶瓷的低频介电常数高达2×105,经过退火处理的热压陶瓷的低频介电常数更是达到1×106。本研究进一步讨论了其微观结构和介电性质之间的关系。     

Impurity doping effect on photostriction in PLZT ceramics

Photostriction is the superposition of a photovoltaic and piezoelectric effects. In this study, photostrictive effects in the perovskite (Pb, La) (Zr, Ti)O₃ were investigated as a function of B-site impurity doping. Donor doping was found to reduce both the grain size and room-temperature dielectric constant, influencing photovoltaic response. WO₃ and Ta₂O₅ doping increase the photovoltaic response, but do not significantly affect the piezoelectric effect in this material. Maximum photostriction is obtained for samples with 0.4 at% WO₃ doped or 1 at% Ta₂O₅ doped PLZT     

Temperature effects on (1+1)-dimensional steady-state bright spatial solitons in biased photorefractive crystals with both the linear and quadratic effects

Abstract

The temperature effects on the intensity profile, self-deflection process, and stability of (1 + 1)-dimensional steady-state bright solitons resulting from both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effects are comprehensively analyzed. Moreover, three physical factors, i.e. diffusion effect, dark irradiance, and the dielectric constant, have been investigated through the theoretical analysis to determine which one dominates the temperature dependence of intensity profile and self-deflection of bright solitons. It is also found that the incident beam evolves into stable bright solitons in the vicinity of initial temperature, but oscillates or even collapses when the crystal temperature deviates significantly from the initial temperature.     

自旋Seebeck效应实验研究进展

自旋Seebeck效应是自旋热电子学(Spin caloritronics)领域中反映自旋流和热流之间相互作用关系的重要物理现象。它具有重要的科学研究价值和深远的应用前景,得到了国内外相关研究组织的广泛关注。通过对自旋Seebeck效应的研究意义进行简单介绍,重点分析了由热流激发自旋波(自旋流)引起的自旋Seebeck效应的物理机制,并对其探测方法以及现阶段存在的问题进行了着重阐述。     

碳纤维水泥基复合材料的阻-温特性

研究了碳纤维水泥基复合材料的阻-温特性。发现当温度低于某一特定值时，电阻率随温度的升高而单调降低(NTC效应)。超过此值时，则表现为电阻率随温度升高而大幅度单调增加(PTC效应)。普通水泥基材料不具有相应的阻-温特性．     

Self-focusing effects in an organic photorefractive film without a biased field

We report the observation of self-focusing effects in organic photorefractive films based on a carbazole derivative and sensitizer 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone at 632.8 nm wavelength without applying a biased field, owing to the orientationally enhanced photorefractive nonlinearity caused by photopolymerization of the carbazole derivative. The experiment was repeated in three samples with different sensitizer doping percentages and similar phenomena were observed.     

Surface effect aero-hydrodynamics and its applications

Surface effect aero-hydrodynamics, as one of the influencing factors in the design and operation of wing-in-ground effect vehicles, is briefly illustrated. Some important issues are discussed. These include high lift/drag configuration, power augmented ram, flight stability and control and wind-wave effects on aerodynamics.     

乳胶渗透蒸发膜分离醇水混合物

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯为单体进行乳液聚合,将聚合获得的乳胶直接浇铸制备出乳胶膜．将该膜用于水－乙醇混合物的渗透蒸发分离,优先透水,渗透通量为50一450g／（m2·h）,分离因子为80～260．考察了乳胶膜的选择性及料液浓度对乳胶膜分离性能的影响．研究了塑化效应和耦合效应对组分渗透的影响,发现在乳胶膜中,乙醇的存在有利于水的渗透,而水的存在会阻止乙醇的渗透．     

波形齿锚具锚固CFRP片材的力学性能试验研究及锚具体系设计

针对波形齿锚具受力机理中的粘结、摩擦及弯曲效应设计出多种锚具,用碳纤维布制作若干多层布CFRP片材的小试件并用这几种锚具进行拉伸试验,从而实现锚固长度计算公式中参数进行试验研究并对其进行量化。同时还进行了有粘结型与无粘结型波形齿锚具锚固CFRP片材的试验,结果表明:波形齿锚具是以第一排螺杆轴力增量为主来增大摩擦力实现可靠锚固CFRP片材。并提出设计螺杆时其轴力与剪力值可取CFRP片材极限抗拉强度的百分率。     

Mutual Insight on Ferroelectrics and Hybrid Halide Perovskites: A Platform for Future Multifunctional Energy Conversion

An insight into the analogies, state‐of‐the‐art technologies, concepts, and prospects under the umbrella of perovskite materials (both inorganic–organic hybrid halide perovskites and ferroelectric perovskites) for future multifunctional energy conversion and storage devices is provided. Often, these are considered entirely different branches of research; however, considering them simultaneously and holistically can provide several new opportunities. Recent advancements have highlighted the potential of hybrid perovskites for high‐efficiency solar cells. The intrinsic polar properties of these materials, including the potential for ferroelectricity, provide additional possibilities for simultaneously exploiting several energy conversion mechanisms such as the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and thermoelectric effect and electrical energy storage. The presence of these phenomena can support the performance of perovskite solar cells. The energy conversion using these effects (piezo‐, pyro‐, and thermoelectric effect) can also be enhanced by a change in the light intensity. Thus, there lies a range of possibilities for tuning the structural, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of perovskites to simultaneously harvest energy using more than one mechanism to realize an improved efficiency. This requires a basic understanding of concepts, mechanisms, corresponding material properties, and the underlying physics involved with these effects.     

Influence of interface states and deep levels on output characteristics of InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs

The aim of this work is to study the origin of parasitic effects observed on the output characteristics of InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs with various buffer layers. I_ds − V_ds measurements as a function of the temperature have first been performed. Several anomalies were observed such as kink and hysteresis effects. C-DLTS measurements have also been performed. From the obtained results, we have established a strong correlation between parasitic effects observed on the output characteristics and deep levels located near the buffer layer interface.