离心铸造高速钢轧辊在钢管张力减径机上的应用研究

高速钢轧辊可以代替常用的合金铸铁轧辊和粉末冶金硬质合金轧辊,主要原因是低成本的合金铸铁轧辊耐磨性差,而高质量的硬质合金轧辊生产成本高。采用离心铸造方法开发出的高速钢轧辊硬度达HRC65～67,辊面硬度差小于2,冲击韧性大于16J/cm2。在钢管张力减径机上使用,高速钢轧辊的一次修磨轧制寿命为合金球墨铸铁轧辊的12倍,轧辊无碎裂和剥落现象,使用效果接近硬质合金轧辊,生产成本仅为后者的30%。     

高钨高速钢轧辊的研究和应用

普通合金铸铁轧辊硬度低、耐磨性差，而硬质合金轧辊尽管具有优异的耐磨性，但成本高，且脆性大，使用中易开裂和剥落。以高碳高钨高速钢为主要合金成分，采用离心铸造方法，开发了耐磨性能优良的高速钢轧辊，并着重解决了离心铸造高速钢轧辊生产过程易偏析和产生裂纹的难题。高速钢轧辊硬度达63～65HRC，辊面硬度差小于2HRC，冲击韧度大于14J／cm^2。用于高速线材轧机预精轧组和棒材轧机精轧机组，使用寿命比合金铸铁轧辊提高6～10倍，接近硬质合金轧辊水平。     

离心铸造高速钢-球铁复合轧辊的制造工艺

高速钢-球铁复合轧辊由三层不同材料组成,外层材料为高碳高钒高速钢,芯部材料为合金球墨铸铁,中间层为过渡层.介绍了各层的化学成分,离心浇注机金属型转速、涂料厚度、外层和中间层浇注厚度、浇注温度及间隔时间等工艺参数,以及各种缺陷的预防措施.轧辊检查结果:辊身硬度为76～78 HS,辊颈抗拉强度达570 MPa,伸长率为5%,冲击韧性大于5 J/cm2.     

Fe-xCr-yB高速钢铸态组织及力学性能

采用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算不同Cr含量Fe-xCr-yB含硼高速钢的Fe-B伪二元垂直截面图。采用OM、SEM、EDS和XRD等研究观察了Fe-xCr-yB(x=1.0%、3.0%、5.0%、7%;y=0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%)合金钢的铸态微观组织和物相组成,并通过硬度测试和冲击韧性试验研究了Cr和B含量对含硼高速钢的相图、凝固组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着Cr含量的增加,共晶反应温度升高,共晶点的B含量降低,但共晶反应产物未发生变化,铸态含硼高速钢的硬度和冲击韧性增加;B含量的增加,促进了M3(B,C)和M23C6硬质相的生成,有利于高速钢硬度的提高,但冲击韧性值有所降低。     

高碳高速钢复合轧辊

日本一家公司制成了一种高碳高速钢复合轧辊。该轧辊的辊芯是高强度锻钢,辊身的成分为：碳3．5％、铬2．7％、钨18％、钼8％、钒7％。辊身硬度为HS90。把这种复合轧辊装在热轧精整机组上使用,其耐磨性是一般无限冷硬轧辊的5倍;装在热轧精轧机组上使用,其耐磨性是一般高铬轧辊的3倍。使用这种复合轧辊,这可提高轧制生产力和钢板的表面质量。     

900mm中宽带热连轧机高速钢轧辊的研制与应用

针对热轧中宽带轧机进行了离心复合高速钢轧辊的研制与试用。试用结果表明,高速钢轧辊的磨损 量仅为高铬铸铁轧辊的1/3-1/8,下机后辊面温度和硬度合理,辊面光洁度高,氧化膜均匀、致密,可以提高生产效率,降低轧辊消耗,延长换辊周期,减少换辊次数。     

离心铸造高速钢轧辊热处理缺陷形成与控制技术研究

着重研究了离心铸造高速钢轧辊退火、淬火和回火过程中裂纹产生的原因,并提出了解决方法,还研究了高速钢轧辊的高温氧化并开发了防氧化涂料.应用改进后的工艺热处理高速钢轧辊,轧辊裂纹率减少90%以上,氧化明显减轻,轧辊表面硬度提高,硬度均匀性改善,有利于改善高速钢轧辊使用性能.     

冷硬轧辊辊面的加工

本文介绍了采用硬质合金H19及复合陶瓷刀片,加工硬度HS72-78的冷硬复合铸铁轧辊的经验,可供有关技术人员参考。     

原位生成颗粒增强钢基复合材料轧辊的制备工艺及性能

采用离心铸造法,开发了耐磨性能优良的原位生成颗粒增强钢基复合材料轧辊,并着重解决了离心铸造复合材料轧辊生产过程中易偏析和产生裂纹的难题.原位生成颗粒增强钢基复合材料轧辊硬度达到66～68HRC,辊面硬度差小于2HRC,冲击韧度大于18J/cm2.用于高速线材轧机预精轧机组,使用寿命比合金铸铁轧辊提高8～10倍,接近硬质合金轧辊水平.     

半高速钢轧辊用于冷带轧机工作辊

最近，日本钢管公司京滨厂开发了半高速钢轧辊。这种轧辊虽用传统的磨具（氧化铝系材质）不能研磨，但采用与金刚石具有同样结晶结构的、硬度约为传统磨具２倍的ＣＢＮ（立方氨化硼）磨具可进行研磨。该厂在带钢冷连轧机第５架轧机上试用了３种不同成分的半高速钢轧辊，这些轧辊的化学成分、硬度和特性示于表１。这３种半高速钢轧辊试用后结果如下：①轧辊的表面粗糙度和摩擦系数比５％Ｃｒ钢轧辊稍高，特别是半高速轧辊Ｂ随着轧制量的增加，其摩擦系数的降低率最小，②轧辊的磨损比５％Ｃｒ钢轧辊小得多。用半高速钢轧辊轧制２１６ｋｍ带钢…     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.