Nb2O5纳米纤维的物相对光催化性能的影响

采用静电纺丝技术在不同退火条件下制备不同物相的Nb2O5纳米纤维,研究了产物的物相对光催化染料降解性能的影响。光吸收结果表明,伪六方相Nb2O5纳米纤维的光学带隙为2.77eV,单斜相为主的混合相Nb2O5纳米纤维带隙为2.51eV。在混合相材料中,光学带隙随着单斜相成分的增加而改变。光催化结果表明,伪六方相Nb2O5纳米纤维具有最高的光催化活性,其效率k值可达-0.025min-1。混合相纳米纤维中,单斜相的增加会引起催化活性的变化,其变化趋势与带隙相符。物相对Nb2O5纳米纤维光催化活性的影响可归结于带隙变化引起的入射光吸收效率和电子空穴对氧化能力的变化。     

Fe掺杂ZnO/TiO2光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe掺杂ZnO/TiO2纳米催化剂粉体,利用多种技术手段对样品的组成、形貌、表面化学态、光学性能等进行表征分析,同时通过降解甲基橙溶液来评价样品的光催化性能.研究结果表明,掺杂Fe能稳定ZnO/TiO2的锐钛矿相,细化催化剂颗粒,并且促进光的吸收带隙红移.Fe-ZnO/TiO2的光催化活性相比Ti...     

负载型ZnO纳米棒/Al2O3的制备及其光催化性能

以ZnCl2和Na2CO3为原料,将低温高压水热合成的ZnO前驱物原位沉积负载于Al2O3上,经高温焙烧得负载型纳米ZnO/Al2O3光催化剂。甲基橙光催化降解实验的结果表明,ZnO担载量为25%,焙烧温度为400℃,催化剂用量为0.5g.L-1时,ZnO/Al2O3的光催化活性最佳。紫外灯光照30min,其对甲基橙的降解率达91.7%。在相同条件下,在太阳光下照射30min,其对甲基橙的降解率也可达87.9%。TEM结果表明,ZnO均匀分散于Al2O3上,呈无序棒状,外径为5～12nm。紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱显示,相比单纯ZnO,ZnO/Al2O3对可见光的响应明显增强。     

简单有效氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶的制备、表征及其可见光活性

以尿素为氮源,采用简单的酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂,以甲基橙在可见光照射下的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化活性。运用XRD、XPS和UV-Vis DRS光谱表征技术考察了氮掺杂TiO2样品的微晶尺寸、晶相结构、表面组成及其吸光特性。结果表明氮掺杂减小了TiO2的带能隙,氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶对400～530nm的可见光有较强的吸收,在降解甲基橙的实验中表现出良好的可见光催化活性。其中,400℃焙烧制得的具有单一锐钛矿相型,晶粒尺寸为14.94nm的TiO1.9904N0.0096样品的可见光催化活性最佳。     

曙红,叶绿素铜三钠共敏化TiO_2纳米颗粒的光催化性能

采用曙红与叶绿素铜三钠对TiO2纳米颗粒进行了光敏化,研究了TiO2纳米颗粒在节能灯光源下的光催化活性。通过XRD、TEM和UV-Vis等手段对TiO2纳米颗粒的物相、粒径、形貌及光学性能进行了表征分析。结果表明:光敏化可以保持TiO2原来的锐钛矿相,对其形貌亦影响甚少;光敏化后的TiO2纳米颗粒在可见光区吸光程度有较大提高,两种光敏剂以协同作用使光谱响应波长向可见光方向移动,拓展了TiO2光谱响应范围。光催化降解实验表明:光敏剂共敏化TiO2纳米颗粒有很好的光催化性能,且敏化温度30℃,敏化时间8h,曙红质量浓度30mg/L及叶绿素铜三钠质量浓度20mg/L时,光敏化的TiO2纳米颗粒光催化效果最好,节能灯光源下对甲基橙的降解率为61.33%。     

纳米CaIn_2O_4长方体的制备及可见光催化性能

以硝酸钙、氯化铟和柠檬酸三钠为原料,采用水热合成法制备了正交相纳米CaIn_2O_4长方体。通过X-RD、TEM和UV-Vis DRS等对纳米CaIn_2O_4长方体的物相、微观形貌和光吸收性能进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝溶液为目标降解物,在可见光下进行光催化降解实验。结果表明,通过该方法合成的纳米CaIn_2O_4长方体结晶度较高、带隙宽度约为2.75eV,对亚甲基蓝具有良好的可见光降解活性,光降解过程中主要活性物种是光生空穴和超氧自由基。     

水热法制备Cu掺杂可见光催化剂BiVO4及其光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O、NH4VO3、Cu(NO3)2.3H2O为原料,采用水热法合成了Cu-BiVO4光催化剂,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外漫反射(UV-Vis)等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,提高前驱液pH值,可得到单斜晶系白钨矿型Cu-BiVO4光催化剂,BiVO4的晶型结构并未随着Cu掺入量的增加而改变.光催化剂中的Cu元素以CuO和Cu2O的形式存在.Cu的引入使可见光吸收带发生红移,吸收强度明显提高.可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液的结果表明,Cu掺杂有利于提高BiVO4的活性.其中pH值为5.0、Cu掺入量为1.0wt%的BiVO4具有最好的光催化效果,可见光照射60 min后,对初始浓度为10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液的最高降解率由纯BiVO4的57.4%提高到97.8%.并对Cu掺入后光催化活性提高的机理进行了分析.     

Cu掺杂BiVO4微米片的水热合成和光催化性能

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O、NaVO3和Cu(NO3)2.3H2O为原料并以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂通过水热法制备了Cu/BiVO4微米片晶体。采用XRD、XPS、SEM、HRTEM、UV-Vis、比表面积测试等对产品进行了表征。结果表明,2.0 g CTAB辅助水热法能够合成结晶度高且形貌规整的单斜白钨矿Cu/BiVO4微米片晶体,其长度为1.0～2.0μm,宽度为0.5～2.0μm,厚度在200～300 nm内。相比BiVO4颗粒,片状Cu/BiVO4样品的紫外–可见光吸收边发生了稍许红移,具有较小的能带隙。光催化结果说明,5.0wt%Cu/BiVO4微米片表现出最好的光催化活性,其速度常数k为5.89×10–2/min,可见光照射10 mg/L亚甲基蓝溶液60 min的光解率达100%。     

CeO2/Bi24O31Br10异质结构的制备及可见光催化性能

釆用原位沉淀法将CeO2纳米颗粒附着在Bi24 O31 Br10纳米薄片上制备CeO2/Bi24 O31 Br10复合半导体.利用SEM、XRD、HR-TEM、UV-Vis DRS、PL等技术对其进行表征.结果表明,CeO2呈现纳米棒状颗粒分布在Bi24 O31 Br10纳米片表面,形成异质结构;与CeO2复合后,Bi24 O31 Br10的UV-Vis吸收边发生了红移,增强了Bi24 O31 Br10对可见光的响应强度,同时改善了Bi24 O31 Br10的吸附性能.以氙灯作光源,酸性品红(AF)为模拟污染物,考察其光催化降解性能,光催化60 min时CeO2/Bi24 O31 Br10对AF的降解率达到97.6％,HPLC分析结果表明,AF最终降解成H2 O和CO2.CeO2/Bi24 O31 Br10复合半导体具有良好的光催化稳定性,四次重复使用后,光催化60 min时CeO2/Bi24 O31 Br10对AF的降解率依然高达91.7％.光催化降解AF的机理探究结果表明,·O2-是光催化降解AF的主要活性物种.     

聚合络合法制备可见光响应光催化剂K4Ce2Nb10O30及其光解水活性

以可溶性的草酸铌为前体,通过聚合络合法合成了可见光响应光催化剂K4Ce2Nb10O30.XRD、SEM、BET以及UV-Vis等表征结果表明:通过该法制备的光催化剂相对于传统高温固相反应法制备的样品具有更小(20～50nm)且分布均匀的纳米颗粒和较高的比表面积.在可见光下(λ>400 nm)分解水的活性测试中,聚合络合法获得K4Ce2Nb10O30比高温固相样品具有更高的光催化分解水活性,并且在紫外光段下(λ>300 nm)具备了完全分解纯水的光催化活性.     

Study on the structural and electrical properties of YMnO3 co-substituted with transition metal ions at Mn-site and their conduction mechanism

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Rare earth manganite YMnO3 and YMn0.9Cr0.06Fe0.04O3 wherein transition metal ions are co-substituted at Mn-sites, were synthesized via...     

交联P（St-r-AA）包覆Fe3O4粒子的制备及对Cu2＋的吸附

用乳液聚合的方法合成了交联P（St-r-AA）包覆的Fe3O4粒子,研究了该类粒子对Cu2＋离子的吸附性能。透射电镜（TEM）表明,交联的P（St-r-AA）包覆的Fe3O4磁性粒子粒径约100 nm;X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明,磁性粒子中磁性物质为尖晶石结构的Fe3O4;红外光谱（FT-IR）表明,Fe3O4表面的...     

Formation of TiO2 nanoparticles by reactive-layer-assisted deposition and characterization by XPS and STM

Stoichiometric TiO2 nanoparticles (1-5 nm) were prepared by reactive-layer-assisted deposition (RLAD), in which Ti was initially deposited on a multilayer of H2O (or NO2) on a Au(111) substrate at approximately 90 K. The composition and atom-resolved structure of the nanoparticles were studied by XPS and STM. The approximately 5 nm TiO2 particles had either a rutile or anatase phase with various crystal facets. STS of the nanoparticles suggests size-dependent electronic structure. These well-defined nanoparticles can be used in molecular-level studies of the reactions and mechanisms of photocatalytic processes on TiO2 nanoparticle surfaces.     

Non-aqueous synthesis of water-dispersible Fe3O4-Ca3(PO4)2 core-shell nanoparticles

The Fe(3)O(4)-Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by one-pot non-aqueous nanoemulsion with the assistance of a biocompatible triblock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEO-PPO-PEO), integrating the magnetic properties of Fe(3)O(4) and the bioactive functions of Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) into single entities. The Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles were pre-formed first by thermal reduction of Fe(acac)(3) and then the Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) layer was coated by simultaneous deposition of Ca(2+) and PO(4)(3-). The characterization shows that the combination of the two materials into a core-shell nanostructure retains the magnetic properties and the Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) shell forms an hcp phase (a = 7.490 ?, c = 9.534 ?) on the Fe(3)O(4) surface. The magnetic hysteresis curves of the nanoparticles were further elucidated by the Langevin equation, giving an estimation of the effective magnetic dimension of the nanoparticles and reflecting the enhanced susceptibility response as a result of the surface covering. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis provides the characteristic vibrations of Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) and the presence of the polymer surfactant on the nanoparticle surface. Moreover, the nanoparticles could be directly transferred to water and the aqueous dispersion-collection process of the nanoparticles was demonstrated for application readiness of such core-shell nanostructures in an aqueous medium. Thus, the construction of Fe(3)O(4) and Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) in the core-shell nanostructure has conspicuously led to enhanced performance and multi-functionalities, offering various possible applications of the nanoparticles.     

Additional Lithium Storage on Dynamic Electrode Surface by Charge Redistribution in Inactive Ru Metal

Beyond a traditional view that metal nanoparticles formed upon electrochemical reaction are inactive against lithium, recently their electrochemical participations are manifested and elucidated as catalytic and interfacial effects. Here, ruthenium metal composed of ≈5 nm nanoparticles is prepared and the pure ruthenium as a lithium‐ion battery anode for complete understanding on anomalous lithium storage reaction mechanism is designed. In particular, the pure metal electrode is intended for eliminating the electrochemical reaction‐derived Li₂O phase accompanied by catalytic Li₂O decomposition and the interfacial lithium storage at Ru/Li₂O phase boundary, and thereby focusing on the ruthenium itself in exploring its electrochemical reactivity. Intriguingly, unusual lithium storage not involving redox reactions with electron transfer but leading to lattice expansion is identified in the ruthenium electrode. Size‐dependent charge redistribution at surface enables additional lithium adsorption to occur on the inactive but more environmentally sensitive nanoparticles, providing innovative insight into dynamic electrode environments in rechargeable lithium chemistry.     

Controlled release of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in encapsulated microbubbles to tumor cells via sonoporation and associated cellular bioeffects

Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles embedded in the shells of encapsulated microbubbles could be used therapeutically as in situ drug-delivery vehicles. Bioeffects on liver tumor cells SMMC-7721 due to the excitation of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles attached to microbubbles generated by ultrasound (US) are studied in an in vitro setting. The corresponding release phenomenon of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles from the shells of the microbubbles into the cells via sonoporation and related phenomena, including nanoparticle delivery efficiency, cell trafficking, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and disturbed flow of intracellular calcium ions during this process, are also studied. Experimental observations show that Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles embedded in the shells of microbubbles can be delivered into the tumor cells; the delivery rate can be controlled by adjusting the acoustic intensity. The living status or behavior of Fe(3)O(4) -tagged tumor cells can then be noninvasively tracked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is further demonstrated that the concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) in situ increases as a result of sonoporation. The elevated Ca(2+) is found to respond to the disrupted site in the cell membrane generated by sonoporation for the purpose of cell self-resealing. However, the excessive Ca(2+) accumulation on the membrane results in disruption of cellular Ca(2+) cycling that may be one of the reasons for the death of the cells at the G1 phase. The results also show that the Fe(3)O(4) -nanoparticle-embedded microbubbles have a lower effect on cell bioeffects compared with the non-Fe(3)O(4) -nanoparticle-embedded microbubbles under the same US intensity, which is beneficial for the delivery of nanoparticles and simultaneously maintains the cellular viability.     

Morphologies and microstructures of nano-sized Cu(2)O particles using a cetyltrimethylammonium template

Hollow polyhedra and cubes of nanostructured Cu(2)O particles have been synthesized by reduction of CuSO(4) with ascorbate acid in the solution phase. The nanostructures were obtained when the cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB) concentration ranged from 0 to 0.03?M in the presence of NaOH. Structural characterizations, by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for measuring Cu valence states and by electron microscopy for microstructure and chemical analyses, suggest that most Cu(2)O nanoparticles are covered with a thin CuO shell arising possibly from reaction of the adsorbed oxygen on the Cu(2)O particle surface. The blue shift is observed as microstructures of Cu(2)O nanoparticles changed from cubic to hollow in ultraviolet and visible (UV-visible) absorption spectra. Both the Cu(2)O hollow and cubic nanostructures show certain quantum-confined effects. A cationic CTAB template mechanism is proposed to interpret the formation of the Cu(2)O nanoparticles.     

Synthesis and characterization of polyimide-based hybrid thin films from a novel colloidal core-shell nanocomposite particles

In this study, poly(4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalic anhydride)-co-oxydianiline) (6FDA-ODA) and a novel core-shell nanoparticle consisting of a core (SnO2/TiO2) and a shell (ZrO2/Sb2O3) with the composition (SnO2:TiO2:ZrO2:Sb2O3 = 18:5:3:4) were used to prepare polyimide/nanoparticles hybrid thin films. The resultant hybrid thin films were investigated by FTIR, TGA, DSC, TEM, SEM, AFM, alpha-step, UV-Vis, and n&k analyses. The results show that the prepared hybrid thin films had a good thermal stability. The size of nanoparticles was effectively controlled in the range of 8-10 nm in the hybrid thin films. These nanoparticles were evenly distributed across the hybrid thin films and no phase separation occurred. In terms of the optical properties, the prepared hybrid thin films had good transparency in the range of visible light. The cutoff wavelength had a blue shift as the content of the nanoparticles increased. The refractive index of prepared hybrid thin films increased with corresponding increases in nanoparticle content. Moreover, the prepared polyimide/core-shell nanoparticle hybrid thin films displayed excellent film formability and planarity.     

Co-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles:Structural,Morphological,Optical,Magnetic and Antibacterial Studies

Un-doped and Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles （NPs） with different weight ratios （0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt% of Co） were synthesized by a facile and rapid microwave-assisted combustion method using urea as a fuel. The prepared NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, high resolution scanning electron microscopy （HR-SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDX）, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （DRS）, photoluminescence （PL） spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry （VSM）. XRD patterns refined by the Rietveld method indicated that Co-doped ZnO had a single pure phase with wurtzite structure suggesting that Co^2＋ ions would occupy Zn^2＋ ionic sites within the ZnO crystal lattice. Interestingly, the morphology was found to convert substantially from grains to nanoparticles with close-packed periodic array of hexagonal-like shape and then into randomly distributed spherical NPs with the variation of Co-content. The optical band gap estimated using DRS was found to be red-shifted from 3.22 eV for the un-doped ZnO NPs then decrease up to 2.88 eV with increasing Co-content. PL spectra showed a strong green emission band thus confirming the formation of pure single ZnO phase. Magnetic studies showed that Co-doped ZnO NPs exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism （RTFM） and that the saturation magnetization attained a maximum value of 2.203 × 10^-3 emu/g for the highest Co-content. The antibacterial studies performed against a set of bacterial strains showed that the 2.0 wt% Co-doped ZnO NPs possessed a greater antibacterial effect.     

Low temperature synthesis of magnetite and maghemite nanoparticles

We report on the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles below 100 degrees C by a simple chemical protocol. The uniqueness of the method lies in the use of Ferrous ammonium sulphate (in conjugation with FeCl3) which helps maintain the stability of Fe2+ state in the reaction sequence thereby controlling the phase formation. Hexamine was added as the stabilizer. The nanoparticles synthesized at three different temperatures viz, 5 degrees, 27 degrees, and 95 degrees C are characterized by several techniques. Generally, when a mixture of Fe3+ and Fe2+ is added to sodium hydroxide, alpha-Fe2O3 (the anti-ferromagnetic phase) is formed after the dehydration process of the hydroxide. In our case however, the phases formed at all the three temperatures were found to be ferro (ferri) magnetic, implying modification of the formation chemistry due to the specifics of our method. The nanoparticles synthesized at the lowest temperature exhibit magnetite phase, while increase in growth temperature to 95 degrees C leads to the maghemite phase.